US3169860A - Molybdenum-hafnium alloy casting - Google Patents
Molybdenum-hafnium alloy casting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3169860A US3169860A US191258A US19125862A US3169860A US 3169860 A US3169860 A US 3169860A US 191258 A US191258 A US 191258A US 19125862 A US19125862 A US 19125862A US 3169860 A US3169860 A US 3169860A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- molybdenum
- hafnium
- tungsten
- carbon
- content
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 229910001029 Hf alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- HAWOWGSQUYVHKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Hf].[Mo] Chemical compound [Hf].[Mo] HAWOWGSQUYVHKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
Definitions
- the present invention relates to cast molybdenum base alloys containing hafnium and which are characterized by the fact that they are capable of being worked at elevated temperatures and have unusually high strength at temperatures in the range of 1600 F. and above.
- the alloys of the present invention contain from .02% to 12% hafnium and up to .75 carbon, preferably 01% to .04% carbon.
- the balance consists essentially of molybdenum, except that small quantities of titanium and/ or zirconium may be present as optional ingredients.
- titanium may be present in amounts up to but not more than 5% and zirconium in amounts up to 1%.
- a portion of the molybdenum may be replaced by tungsten up to a total not exceeding the molybdenum present. Since even the smallest amount of oxygen is deleterious, the oxygen content of the alloys must be less than 005% and is preferably less than 002%.
- the alloys of the present invention may be prepared by arc-melting in vacuum, preferably using a furnace of the type disclosed in United States Patent 2,656,743.
- the preferred method of deoxidizing the melt is by adding carbon to the charge to react with any oxygen present in raw materials and in quantities which will leave the desired excess in the final casting.
- the absolute pressure during the melting operation is preferably maintained below 50 microns of mercury.
- a twelfth example of an alloy containing both the optional ingredients titanium and zirconium is an alloy containing .14% hafnium, 148% titanium, .077% zirconium, .02% carbon and the balance consisting essentially of molybdenum.
- any of the above examples may have up to one-half of the molybdenum replaced by tungsten.
- the use of larger quantities of tungsten should be avoided because of forging difiiculties.
- the maximum hafnium content decrease proportionately from 12% to 1% as the tungsten content increases toward equality with the molybdenum.
- the high strength of the alloys of the present invention will be apparent from the fact that the alloy of Example 1 has a tensile strength of 66,300 pounds per square inch at 1600 F the alloy of Example 3 has a tensile strength of 74,900 pounds per square inch at 1600 F.; the alloy of Example 8 has a tensile strength of 85,100 pounds per square inch at 1800 F.; and the alloy of Example 12 has a tensile strength of 85,200 pounds per square inch at 1800 F.
- the tensile strength figures given above are all applicable to the forged alloys in a stress-relieved condition.
- the alloys of the present invention may be forged or worked at temperatures in the neighborhood of 2300 F. or above.
- a cast alloy containing from .02% to 12% hafnium, .01% to .75% carbon, less than 005% oxygen, not more than 5% titanium, not more than 1% zirconium, and the balance consisting essentially of a member from the group consisting of molybdenum and mixtures of molybdenum and tungsten wherein the molybdenum content is at least equal to the tungsten content.
- a cast alloy containing from .02% to 12% hafnium, 01% to .75 carbon, less than 005% oxygen, and the balance consisting essentially of molybdenum.
- a cast molybdenum alloy capable of being worked at elevated temperatures and containing from .02% to 12% hafnium, not more than .75 carbon, less than .005 oxygen, not more than 5% titanium and not more than 1% zirconium, the balance consisting essentially of a member from the group consisting of molybdenum and mixtures of molybdenum and tungsten wherein the molybdenum content is at least equal to the tungsten content, and the maximum hafnium content being reduced proportionately from 12% to 1% as the tungsten content increases toward equality with the molybdenum.
- a cast molybdenum alloy capable of being worked at elevated temperatures and containing from .02% to 12% hafnium, not more than .75 carbon, less than .005 oxygen, not more than 5% titanium and not more than 1% zirconium, the balance consisting essentially of molybdenum.
- a cast molybdenum alloy capable of being worked at elevated temperatures and containing from .02% to 12% hafnium, and .01% to .04% carbon, the balance consisting essentially of molybdenum.
Description
United States Patent the Public Claims. (Cl. 75176) This application is a continuation-in-part of applicants application Serial No. 41,766, filed July 11, 1960, now abandoned, which was a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 760,066, filed September 10, 1958, and now abandoned.
The present invention relates to cast molybdenum base alloys containing hafnium and which are characterized by the fact that they are capable of being worked at elevated temperatures and have unusually high strength at temperatures in the range of 1600 F. and above.
The alloys of the present invention contain from .02% to 12% hafnium and up to .75 carbon, preferably 01% to .04% carbon. The balance consists essentially of molybdenum, except that small quantities of titanium and/ or zirconium may be present as optional ingredients. Thus, titanium may be present in amounts up to but not more than 5% and zirconium in amounts up to 1%. In addition, a portion of the molybdenum may be replaced by tungsten up to a total not exceeding the molybdenum present. Since even the smallest amount of oxygen is deleterious, the oxygen content of the alloys must be less than 005% and is preferably less than 002%.
The alloys of the present invention may be prepared by arc-melting in vacuum, preferably using a furnace of the type disclosed in United States Patent 2,656,743. The preferred method of deoxidizing the melt is by adding carbon to the charge to react with any oxygen present in raw materials and in quantities which will leave the desired excess in the final casting. The absolute pressure during the melting operation is preferably maintained below 50 microns of mercury.
The following are specific examples of alloys coming within the scope of the present invention:
A twelfth example of an alloy containing both the optional ingredients titanium and zirconium is an alloy containing .14% hafnium, 148% titanium, .077% zirconium, .02% carbon and the balance consisting essentially of molybdenum.
In cases where a higher melting point or slightly higher strength in a recrystallized state at temperatures above 2000 F. is desired, any of the above examples may have up to one-half of the molybdenum replaced by tungsten. In alloys such as the present, in which substantial quantities of molybdenum are employed, the use of larger quantities of tungsten should be avoided because of forging difiiculties. In addition, it is preferred that the maximum hafnium content decrease proportionately from 12% to 1% as the tungsten content increases toward equality with the molybdenum.
Patented Feb. 16, 1965 The high strength of the alloys of the present invention will be apparent from the fact that the alloy of Example 1 has a tensile strength of 66,300 pounds per square inch at 1600 F the alloy of Example 3 has a tensile strength of 74,900 pounds per square inch at 1600 F.; the alloy of Example 8 has a tensile strength of 85,100 pounds per square inch at 1800 F.; and the alloy of Example 12 has a tensile strength of 85,200 pounds per square inch at 1800 F. The tensile strength figures given above are all applicable to the forged alloys in a stress-relieved condition.
The alloys of the present invention may be forged or worked at temperatures in the neighborhood of 2300 F. or above.
All proportions given are proportions by weight.
What is claimed is:
1. A cast alloy containing from .02% to 12% hafnium, .01% to .75% carbon, less than 005% oxygen, not more than 5% titanium, not more than 1% zirconium, and the balance consisting essentially of a member from the group consisting of molybdenum and mixtures of molybdenum and tungsten wherein the molybdenum content is at least equal to the tungsten content.
2. A cast alloy containing from .02% to 12% hafnium, 01% to .75 carbon, less than 005% oxygen, and the balance consisting essentially of molybdenum.
3. A cast molybdenum alloy capable of being worked at elevated temperatures and containing from .02% to 12% hafnium, not more than .75 carbon, less than .005 oxygen, not more than 5% titanium and not more than 1% zirconium, the balance consisting essentially of a member from the group consisting of molybdenum and mixtures of molybdenum and tungsten wherein the molybdenum content is at least equal to the tungsten content, and the maximum hafnium content being reduced proportionately from 12% to 1% as the tungsten content increases toward equality with the molybdenum.
4. A cast molybdenum alloy capable of being worked at elevated temperatures and containing from .02% to 12% hafnium, not more than .75 carbon, less than .005 oxygen, not more than 5% titanium and not more than 1% zirconium, the balance consisting essentially of molybdenum.
5. A cast molybdenum alloy capable of being worked at elevated temperatures and containing from .02% to 12% hafnium, and .01% to .04% carbon, the balance consisting essentially of molybdenum.
References Cited by the Examiner Reinhold Publishing Corp., Chapman & Hall, Ltd., London, see especially Table 12.17 and Chemical Properties, pages 212-213.
DAVID L. RECK, Primary Examiner.
W. A. DOUGLAS, Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A CAST ALLOY CONTAINING FROM .02% TO 12% HAFNIUM, .01% TO .75% CARBON, LESS THAN .005% OXYGEN, NOT MORE THAN 5% TITANIUM, NOT MORE THAN 1% ZIRCONIUM, AND THE BALANCE CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A MEMBER FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF MOLYBDENUM AND MIXTURES OF MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN WHEREIN TH EMOLYBDENUM CONTENT IS AT LEAST EQUAL TO THE TUNGSTEN CONTENT.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US191258A US3169860A (en) | 1962-04-30 | 1962-04-30 | Molybdenum-hafnium alloy casting |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US191258A US3169860A (en) | 1962-04-30 | 1962-04-30 | Molybdenum-hafnium alloy casting |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3169860A true US3169860A (en) | 1965-02-16 |
Family
ID=22704760
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US191258A Expired - Lifetime US3169860A (en) | 1962-04-30 | 1962-04-30 | Molybdenum-hafnium alloy casting |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3169860A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3243291A (en) * | 1963-10-29 | 1966-03-29 | Gen Telephone & Elect | High-temperature alloy |
| US3403009A (en) * | 1964-08-10 | 1968-09-24 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Refractory metal structures |
| US3447921A (en) * | 1966-12-21 | 1969-06-03 | Gen Electric | Molybdenum-base alloy |
| US3869635A (en) * | 1972-06-28 | 1975-03-04 | Siemens Ag | Rotary anode for an x-ray tube |
| US4144022A (en) * | 1977-04-11 | 1979-03-13 | Amax Inc. | Furnace rollers |
| US4165982A (en) * | 1976-12-11 | 1979-08-28 | Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha | Molybdenum base alloy having excellent high-temperature strength and a method of producing same |
| US4657735A (en) * | 1985-10-02 | 1987-04-14 | Amax Inc. | Mo-Hf-C alloy composition |
| US4717538A (en) * | 1986-11-28 | 1988-01-05 | Gte Products Corporation | Molybdenum-tungsten-titanium-zirconium-carbon alloy system |
| US4780902A (en) * | 1985-07-11 | 1988-10-25 | Schwarzkopf Development Corporation | Rotary anode for X-ray tubes |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2234969A (en) * | 1939-02-24 | 1941-03-18 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Tungsten base contact |
| US2580273A (en) * | 1947-09-25 | 1951-12-25 | Climax Molybdenum Co | Refractory metal alloy castings and methods of making same |
| US2678269A (en) * | 1951-10-06 | 1954-05-11 | Climax Molybdenum Co | Molybdenum-titanium alloys |
| US2678271A (en) * | 1951-10-06 | 1954-05-11 | Climax Molybdenum Co | Molybdenum-zirconium alloys |
| GB756012A (en) * | 1951-03-30 | 1956-08-29 | Climax Molybdenum Co | Improvements in or relating to cast molybdenum base alloys |
| US2798808A (en) * | 1953-02-02 | 1957-07-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of introducing zirconia into tungsten powder preliminary to forming electrodes |
| US2960403A (en) * | 1958-02-24 | 1960-11-15 | American Metal Climax Inc | Molybdenum-base alloys |
| US3116145A (en) * | 1962-04-30 | 1963-12-31 | American Metal Climax Inc | Tungsten-hafnium alloy casting |
-
1962
- 1962-04-30 US US191258A patent/US3169860A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2234969A (en) * | 1939-02-24 | 1941-03-18 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Tungsten base contact |
| US2580273A (en) * | 1947-09-25 | 1951-12-25 | Climax Molybdenum Co | Refractory metal alloy castings and methods of making same |
| GB756012A (en) * | 1951-03-30 | 1956-08-29 | Climax Molybdenum Co | Improvements in or relating to cast molybdenum base alloys |
| US2678269A (en) * | 1951-10-06 | 1954-05-11 | Climax Molybdenum Co | Molybdenum-titanium alloys |
| US2678271A (en) * | 1951-10-06 | 1954-05-11 | Climax Molybdenum Co | Molybdenum-zirconium alloys |
| US2798808A (en) * | 1953-02-02 | 1957-07-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of introducing zirconia into tungsten powder preliminary to forming electrodes |
| US2960403A (en) * | 1958-02-24 | 1960-11-15 | American Metal Climax Inc | Molybdenum-base alloys |
| US3116145A (en) * | 1962-04-30 | 1963-12-31 | American Metal Climax Inc | Tungsten-hafnium alloy casting |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3243291A (en) * | 1963-10-29 | 1966-03-29 | Gen Telephone & Elect | High-temperature alloy |
| US3403009A (en) * | 1964-08-10 | 1968-09-24 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Refractory metal structures |
| US3447921A (en) * | 1966-12-21 | 1969-06-03 | Gen Electric | Molybdenum-base alloy |
| US3869635A (en) * | 1972-06-28 | 1975-03-04 | Siemens Ag | Rotary anode for an x-ray tube |
| US4165982A (en) * | 1976-12-11 | 1979-08-28 | Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha | Molybdenum base alloy having excellent high-temperature strength and a method of producing same |
| US4144022A (en) * | 1977-04-11 | 1979-03-13 | Amax Inc. | Furnace rollers |
| US4780902A (en) * | 1985-07-11 | 1988-10-25 | Schwarzkopf Development Corporation | Rotary anode for X-ray tubes |
| US4657735A (en) * | 1985-10-02 | 1987-04-14 | Amax Inc. | Mo-Hf-C alloy composition |
| US4717538A (en) * | 1986-11-28 | 1988-01-05 | Gte Products Corporation | Molybdenum-tungsten-titanium-zirconium-carbon alloy system |
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