US3164174A - Thermal excess-pressure device - Google Patents

Thermal excess-pressure device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3164174A
US3164174A US104074A US10407461A US3164174A US 3164174 A US3164174 A US 3164174A US 104074 A US104074 A US 104074A US 10407461 A US10407461 A US 10407461A US 3164174 A US3164174 A US 3164174A
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United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
excess
pressure
water
pressure device
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Expired - Lifetime
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US104074A
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English (en)
Inventor
Berthod Louis
Grenon Michel
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Individual
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C1/00—Reactor types
    • G21C1/04—Thermal reactors ; Epithermal reactors
    • G21C1/06—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated
    • G21C1/08—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated moderator being highly pressurised, e.g. boiling water reactor, integral super-heat reactor, pressurised water reactor
    • G21C1/09—Pressure regulating arrangements, i.e. pressurisers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/04—Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids
    • F16L55/045—Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids specially adapted to prevent or minimise the effects of water hammer
    • F16L55/05—Buffers therefor
    • F16L55/052—Pneumatic reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/42—Applications, arrangements or dispositions of alarm or automatic safety devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • Thermal excess-pressure devices are intended to maintain a definite pressure in hydraulic circuits, for example those of reactors, by reacting very rapidly to any possible variations in pressure due in particular to variations of volume in the said hydraulic circuits.
  • Excess-pressure devices are fed with liquid by the hydraulic circuit to be regulated, and in normal operation they contain a certain volume of liquid whereof the free surface is in contact with saturated vapour. A definite balance pressure prevails therein.
  • momentary excess pressure may be set up in the appliance, and may reach a high value.
  • the conventional appliance therefore does not react rapidly enough to the possible variations in pressure, more particularly when the volume in its hydraulic circuit increases, and consequently does not give regulation with maximum effect.
  • the present invention relates to a thermal excesspressure device which enables the foregoing disadvantages to be overcome by encouraging condensation of the vapour. It is known that the temperature of the liquid in the hydraulic circuit is lower than the temperature of the liquid in the excess-pressure device, since the liquid in the excess-pressure device is heated in order to keep it at the saturation temperature corresponding to the pressure encountered in use.
  • the present invention is essentially characterized in that, in order to encourage condensation of the vapour, the major part of the liquid flowing towards the excesspressure device as a result of an appreciable increase in the volume in the hydraulic circuit to be regulated is introduced by special means in the immediate vicinity of the free surface of the liquid in the excess-pressure device, the said liquid, being colder than that in the excess-pressure device, expediting condensation of the vapour in the said appliance to a considerable extent, thus producing a rapid fall in the vapor pressure, and consequently rapid regulation of the pressure in the hydraulic circuit.
  • the introduction of liquid due to an increase in volume in the hydraulic circuit takes place largely via the upper end of a tube which opens out above the free surface in the excesspressure device.
  • This end is advantageously equipped with a jet-deflector in order to disperse the liquid over a large surface area, and grids may furthermore be disposed in the vicinity of the said end and of the free surface so as to encourage droplets and liquid films to be placed in suspension, thus expediting condensation.
  • the said tube comprises lateral orifices of small cross-section distributed chiefly towards its base, for the purpose of discharging liquid from the excess-pressure device when there is a decrease in volume.
  • the cross-section, arrangement and shapes of the small lateral discharge orifices and of the upper end of the tube are so calculated that when some liquid enters the excesspressure device most of it is introduced via the said upper end, only a small fraction passing through the lateral orifices.
  • the introduction of liquid due to an increase in volume may take place to a large extent via a parallel path laterally connected to the excess-pressure device and opening out in the vicinity of the free surface.
  • the same devices comprising deflectors and grids as those mentioned above may be used.
  • Water is discharged from the excess-pressure device when a reduction in volume occurs via the usual fairly short central connecting pipe, in which are disposed one or more diaphragms which are suitably calculated and oriented so as heavily to limit the rate of how in the said pipe during the phase in which there is an increase in volume.
  • diaphragms may be replaced by valves.
  • Guide-vanes of honeycomb shape may be disposed in the vicinity of the free surface and associated with the gridding in order to reduce movement and oscillation of the said free surface, with a view to prevent ing too rapid mixing of the cold liquid introduced in accordance with the invention with the liquid in the excess pressure device, which would reduce its action on condensation of the vapour situated directly above, and with a view to increasing the exchange surfaces between water and steam.
  • This arrangement will be useful in particular in mobile installations, for example propulsive reactors.
  • the liquid does not reach the end of the parallel tube according to the invention, but disperses in conventional fashion via the base of the central tube, so that the excess-pressure device then operates as an appliance of the usual type, that is to say with a certain amount of delay in pressure-balancing, which however does not cause any trouble since in this case the amount of excess pressure is always small.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates a vertical section through a thermal excess-pressure device according to the invention, comprising a central water inlet;
  • FIGURE 1 comprises the tank 1 of the excess-pressure device whereof the interior is connected via a central tube 2 to the circuit 3 to be regulated containing water.
  • the said tube 2 reaches above the maximum level N of water in the excess-pressure device, and comprises orifices 4 of small dimensions and a jet-deflector 5. Between the upper end 6 of the tube 2 and the maximum level N. of the liquid there are three grids 7, consisting for example of interlaced metal wires.
  • Electrical resistances 8 situated at the bottom of the tank 1 have the object of keeping the Water at the saturation temperature corresponding to the pressure encountered in use.
  • the jet of water which forms at the top 6 is dispersed over a large surface area by the deflector 5.
  • This system is made still more effective by three grids 7 which keep water droplets in suspension, appreciably increasing the water-steam exchange surface and producing condensation nuclei.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a second form of embodiment of a thermal excess-pressure device according to the invention.
  • the introduction of cold water due to an increase in volume takes place not via a central tube, but via a parallel path It) laterally connected to the tank 1 of the excess-pressure device at 11, and opening out at 12 above the maximum level N in the excess-pressure device.
  • This tube 10 is equipped with a deflector 13 at the end.
  • This form of embodiment also comprises grids 7 disposed at the end 12 and enabling droplets to be held in suspension, thus encouraging condensation.
  • thermal excess-pressure device equipped with the improvements according to the invention confers rapidresponse pressure regulation which is equally effective as regards both excess pressure and a drop in pressure.
  • a heat-screen may advantageously be placed in front of the said walls.
  • the invention is naturally not limited to the forms of embodiment illustrated and described, but covers all variants, in particular the case in which the excess-pressure devices take the form of cylinders having horizontal axes.
  • a device as defined in claim 1 including deflector means in said chamber, adjacent said nozzle, arranged to disperse water emerging from said nozzle over a relatively wide area in said chamber.
  • conduit means comprises a single tube extending upwardly through the bottom of said chamber and having said nozzle at its upper end; said drain means comprising small orifices through the wall of said tube adjacent the bottom of said chamber.
  • conduit means comprises a first tube having said nozzle at the end thereof and a second tube extending upwardly" through the bottom of said chamber and having an open end in the lower portion thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US104074A 1960-04-29 1961-04-19 Thermal excess-pressure device Expired - Lifetime US3164174A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR825753A FR1263383A (fr) 1960-04-29 1960-04-29 Surpresseur thermique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3164174A true US3164174A (en) 1965-01-05

Family

ID=8730366

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US104074A Expired - Lifetime US3164174A (en) 1960-04-29 1961-04-19 Thermal excess-pressure device

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3164174A (en:Method)
BE (1) BE602231A (en:Method)
CH (1) CH371283A (en:Method)
FR (1) FR1263383A (en:Method)
GB (1) GB957472A (en:Method)
LU (1) LU40003A1 (en:Method)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4135552A (en) * 1975-10-21 1979-01-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Pressurizer heaters
US5668922A (en) * 1995-11-16 1997-09-16 Rheem Manufacturing Company Water heater having molded plastic storage tank and associated fabrication methods
WO1998028751A1 (de) * 1996-12-20 1998-07-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Druckhalter mit sprühvorrichtung
US6085792A (en) * 1997-04-30 2000-07-11 Dayco Products, Inc, Energy attenuation apparatus for a system conveying liquid under pressure and method of attenuating energy in such a system
US20020100515A1 (en) * 1997-11-24 2002-08-01 Yungrwei Chen Energy attenuation apparatus for a conduit conveying liquid under pressure, system incorporating same, and method of attenuating energy in a conduit
US20050087247A1 (en) * 1999-12-22 2005-04-28 Yungrwei Chen Energy attenuation device for a fluid-conveying line and method of attenuating energy in such a line
US20060124186A1 (en) * 1997-11-24 2006-06-15 Dayco Products, Llc Energy attenuation apparatus for a conduit conveying liquid under pressure, system incorporating same, and method of attenuating energy in a conduit
EP1309814A4 (en) * 2000-08-15 2006-08-16 Dayco Products Llc ENERGY TREATMENT DEVICE FOR A TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR UNDERPRESSED LIQUIDS, METHOD AND METHOD AND METHOD FOR CLEANING THE ENERGY
US7249613B1 (en) 2006-02-03 2007-07-31 Dayco Products, Llc Energy attenuation device
US20080047623A1 (en) * 2006-02-03 2008-02-28 Yungrwei Chen Energy attenuation device
US20080053547A1 (en) * 1997-11-24 2008-03-06 Yungrwei Chen Energy attenuation apparatus for a conduit conveying liquid under pressure, system incorporating same, and method of attenuating energy in a conduit
US20080210486A1 (en) * 2007-03-02 2008-09-04 Dayco Products, Llc Energy attenuation device
US20150243384A1 (en) * 2014-02-27 2015-08-27 Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Cooling water supply tank having heat mixing prevention function and passive high-pressure safety injection system and method using the same

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2219349A (en) * 1988-04-05 1989-12-06 John Lindsay Snowdon Smoothing flow in pipes

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1177288A (en) * 1915-03-08 1916-03-28 Edward R Teller Jr Automatic air-ejecting apparatus for heating systems.
US2051657A (en) * 1934-11-13 1936-08-18 Stiebel Theodor Electrically heated water reservoir
US2191490A (en) * 1936-06-01 1940-02-27 Adolph V Mitterer Means for preventing vapor lock in internal combustion engines
US2561528A (en) * 1947-04-07 1951-07-24 Phillips Petroleum Co Pulsation chamber
US2574587A (en) * 1948-02-04 1951-11-13 Elliott M Feinberg Hot water circulator
US3095012A (en) * 1957-08-13 1963-06-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Pressure controlling system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1177288A (en) * 1915-03-08 1916-03-28 Edward R Teller Jr Automatic air-ejecting apparatus for heating systems.
US2051657A (en) * 1934-11-13 1936-08-18 Stiebel Theodor Electrically heated water reservoir
US2191490A (en) * 1936-06-01 1940-02-27 Adolph V Mitterer Means for preventing vapor lock in internal combustion engines
US2561528A (en) * 1947-04-07 1951-07-24 Phillips Petroleum Co Pulsation chamber
US2574587A (en) * 1948-02-04 1951-11-13 Elliott M Feinberg Hot water circulator
US3095012A (en) * 1957-08-13 1963-06-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Pressure controlling system

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4135552A (en) * 1975-10-21 1979-01-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Pressurizer heaters
US5668922A (en) * 1995-11-16 1997-09-16 Rheem Manufacturing Company Water heater having molded plastic storage tank and associated fabrication methods
WO1998028751A1 (de) * 1996-12-20 1998-07-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Druckhalter mit sprühvorrichtung
US6195406B1 (en) 1996-12-20 2001-02-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Spray lines for a pressurizer of a pressured water reactor
US6085792A (en) * 1997-04-30 2000-07-11 Dayco Products, Inc, Energy attenuation apparatus for a system conveying liquid under pressure and method of attenuating energy in such a system
US6089273A (en) * 1997-04-30 2000-07-18 Dayco Products, Inc. Energy attenuation apparatus for a system conveying liquid under pressure and method of attenuating energy in such a system
US20060124186A1 (en) * 1997-11-24 2006-06-15 Dayco Products, Llc Energy attenuation apparatus for a conduit conveying liquid under pressure, system incorporating same, and method of attenuating energy in a conduit
US7380572B2 (en) 1997-11-24 2008-06-03 Fluid Routing Solutions, Inc. Energy attenuation apparatus for a conduit conveying liquid under pressure, system incorporating same, and method of attenuating energy in a conduit
US7007718B2 (en) 1997-11-24 2006-03-07 Dayco Products, Llc Energy attenuation apparatus for a conduit conveying liquid under pressure, system incorporating same, and method of attenuating energy in a conduit
US20080053547A1 (en) * 1997-11-24 2008-03-06 Yungrwei Chen Energy attenuation apparatus for a conduit conveying liquid under pressure, system incorporating same, and method of attenuating energy in a conduit
US20020100515A1 (en) * 1997-11-24 2002-08-01 Yungrwei Chen Energy attenuation apparatus for a conduit conveying liquid under pressure, system incorporating same, and method of attenuating energy in a conduit
US7036530B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2006-05-02 Dayco Products, Llc Energy attenuation device for a fluid-conveying line and method of attenuating energy in such a line
US20050087247A1 (en) * 1999-12-22 2005-04-28 Yungrwei Chen Energy attenuation device for a fluid-conveying line and method of attenuating energy in such a line
EP1309814A4 (en) * 2000-08-15 2006-08-16 Dayco Products Llc ENERGY TREATMENT DEVICE FOR A TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR UNDERPRESSED LIQUIDS, METHOD AND METHOD AND METHOD FOR CLEANING THE ENERGY
US7249613B1 (en) 2006-02-03 2007-07-31 Dayco Products, Llc Energy attenuation device
US20080047623A1 (en) * 2006-02-03 2008-02-28 Yungrwei Chen Energy attenuation device
US7347222B2 (en) 2006-02-03 2008-03-25 Fluid Routing Solutions, Inc. Energy attenuation device
US7717135B2 (en) 2006-02-03 2010-05-18 Yh America, Inc. Energy attenuation device
US20080210486A1 (en) * 2007-03-02 2008-09-04 Dayco Products, Llc Energy attenuation device
US20150243384A1 (en) * 2014-02-27 2015-08-27 Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Cooling water supply tank having heat mixing prevention function and passive high-pressure safety injection system and method using the same
US9672946B2 (en) * 2014-02-27 2017-06-06 Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Water supply tank using compressor steam to provide cooling water to a nuclear reactor, and structure inside the tank reducing internal cooling water circulation resulting from injection of the steam into the tank

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1263383A (fr) 1961-06-09
BE602231A (fr) 1961-07-31
LU40003A1 (en:Method) 1961-06-12
GB957472A (en) 1964-05-06
CH371283A (fr) 1963-08-15

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