US3162858A - Ring focus antenna feed - Google Patents

Ring focus antenna feed Download PDF

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Publication number
US3162858A
US3162858A US76943A US7694360A US3162858A US 3162858 A US3162858 A US 3162858A US 76943 A US76943 A US 76943A US 7694360 A US7694360 A US 7694360A US 3162858 A US3162858 A US 3162858A
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Prior art keywords
transmission line
reflector
feed
waveguide
radial transmission
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Expired - Lifetime
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US76943A
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English (en)
Inventor
Cassius C Cutler
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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Priority to NL272285D priority Critical patent/NL272285A/xx
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US76943A priority patent/US3162858A/en
Priority to SE11634/61A priority patent/SE300121B/xx
Priority to GB42786/61A priority patent/GB1004318A/en
Priority to FR880737A priority patent/FR1308116A/fr
Priority to DEW31189A priority patent/DE1245447B/de
Priority to BE611501A priority patent/BE611501A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3162858A publication Critical patent/US3162858A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/15—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a line source, e.g. leaky waveguide antennas

Definitions

  • This invention relates to antennas and, more particularly, to a low noise temperature paraboloidal antenna.
  • the object of the present invention to improve the noise characteristics of'antenna systems and, more particularly, to reduce spillover in paraboloidal antennas while maintaining a reasonable antenna gain.
  • a ring focus paraboloidal reflector as described in my Fatent No. 2,482,15 8 issued September 20, 1949, is illuminated by or focuses upon a feed located in the vicinity of the reflector ring focus.
  • the feed is connected by a waveguide to transmitting and/or receiving equipment situated behind the reflecting surface of the paraboloid.
  • a radial transmission line forming part of the feed, carries energy between the waveguide and the ring focus with annular uniformity of phase, amplitude and polarization.
  • a gap the width of which is sufficient to couple all the currents in the waveguide wall, whether lon itudinal, transverse or oblique, equally to and from the radial transmission line is cut in the walls of the waveguide. This eifects signal coupling with annular uniformity of intensity.
  • a piston strategically located with respect to the gap terminates the waveguide so that the resultant signal (the combination of the reflected signal and the directly coupled signal) coupled between the waveguide and the radial transmission line occurs in time phase circumferentially, i.e., with annular uniformity of phase.
  • an iris is provided inside the waveguide in the proximity of the gap and between the previously mentioned equipment and the gap.
  • Annular quarter-wavelength deep corrugations cut transversely in the walls of the radial transmission line 3,lh2,858 Patented Dec. 22, 1964 afford a surface presenting uniform annular characteristics to the signal carried by the radial transmission line independent of the local polarization in any particular radial direction.
  • the feed accommodates and radiates or intercepts a signal wave front exhibiting uniform annular phase, intensity, and polarization and a.
  • the peak (of the cosine) intensity may be directed toward any portion of the reflector, depending upon the size of the reflector, which provides the most advantageous compromise between minimum spillover and maximum antenna gain under the particular circumstances.
  • a podestal having a base substantially equal in diameter to the ring focus is mounted upon the reflector to furnish a housing for either a first stage of amplification for a receiver or a last stage of, amplification for a transmitter.
  • the pedestal also constitutes one wall of the radial transmission line, and isolates opposite sides of the reflector from one another.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation of an antenna system illustrating the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a front elevation of the antenna of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a modification of the feed shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a feed according to the invention having a box horn aperture; and 7 FIG. 5 is an embodiment of the invention in which a dielectric coating is substituted for the annular corruof easy visualization the antenna system of FIGS. 1 and 2 willbe explained operating as a transmitting antenna.
  • a dielectric coating is substituted for the annular corruof easy visualization the antenna system of FIGS. 1 and 2 willbe explained operating as a transmitting antenna.
  • it may be employed to receive signals as well in a manner reciprocally related to transmission and it is, in fact, as a receiving antenna that the improved noise characteristics realized by the invention are exploited.
  • a ring focus paraboloidal reflector 36 is generated by rotating a parabola axis about axis 34 which is parallel to and spaced from the parabola axis. Hence, a ring focus 43, as distinguished from the point focus of conventional paraboloids, is formed.
  • the aperture of reflector 36 in a practical antenna system would probably be at least ten times the diameter of ring focus 48 and, therefore, the diameter of the antenna feed, as they are related in size. For convenience of illustration in FIGS. 1 and 2, however, the ratio of feed diameter to reflector aperture is shown as larger than that given above.
  • Patent No. 2,482,158 previously mentioned, for further elaboration upon ring focus paraboloidal reflectors.
  • piston 24 in order to have the resultant coupled signal be in phase agreement all around the circumference of gap 22, i.e., exhibit annular uniformity of phase, piston 24 must be adjusted in position to cause the reflected-currents to combine with the directly coupled currents in the proper proportion.
  • the adjustment of piston 24 to fulfill this function is an empirical one, as is the width of gap 22, and the position of an iris placed in waveguide 18 to match it, impedance-wise, to the rest of feed 10.
  • radial transmission line 38 carries the signal radiated from feed 10- with annular uniformity of phase, amplitude, and polarization, closely spaced, annular quarter-wavelength deep corrugations 40 are cut in the walls of radial transmission line 38.
  • Radial transmission line 38 must have its walls separated by at least a distance of one-half the wavelength of the signal it is to accommodate in order to propagate such a signal. Then the flow of longitudinal currents in the walls of radial transmission line 38'is inhibited by the corrugations, thus presenting the same surface characteristics to both the electric and magnetic fields. The surface field intensity, therefore, is not affected by local polarization, and a radiating mode having the desired uniformity of phase, intensity, and polarization can exist in radial transmission line 38.
  • a pedestal having its base substantially equal to the vertex circle of reflector 36 is mounted on reflector 36.
  • Pedestal 30 provides a housing for amplifier 16, so that waveguide 18 may be extremely short, reducing noise accumulated from that source, and also provides one wall of transmission line 38.
  • Pedestal 3% prevents energy emanating from feed 10 from crossing axis 34' and impinging, upon the opposite side of reflector 36 and supports feed 10 thus obviating complex feed supports which otherwise would have to be located in the path of the antenna beam. All this may be accomplished with no increase in beam shadow over that for-med'by feed 10 because the diameter of pedestal 30 is substantially coincident orless than that of ring. focus 48 of reflector 36.
  • annular dielectric lens 42 forming a window across the aperture of radial transmission line 38, serves to connect and support the two sections of feed 10;'
  • annular dielectric lens 42 may be employed as a trimming adjustment on the annular uniformity of the phase of the signal radiated from feed 19.
  • the wave front emanating from feed 10 exhibits annul'ar uniformity of polarization, phase and intensity and further, a cosinusoidal intensity distribution across the aperture or mouth of feed 10.
  • the signal radiated from feed ill onto reflector 36, considered in planes passing through axis 34, is a maximum in the direction of propa gation of radial transmission line 38 and falls olf to nulls at approximately 45 degrees on either side of that direction of propagation.
  • feed 10 carries all linearly polarized signals, regardless of orientation, e.g., vertically or horizontally polarized, with anular uniformity of phase, intensity, and polarization and cosinusoidal intensity distribution in planes including axis 34. Consequently, circularly polarized signals, which find extensive application in space communications, receive the same treatment when applied to feed 10, as they may be thought of as two linearly polarized signals with polarizations rotated in space by degrees with respect to one another and differing in phase by 90 degrees.
  • FIG. 3' illustrates a radial transmission line 38 the direction of propagation of which forms an angle of 90 degrees with axis 34 of an antenna system like FIG. 1.
  • This feed would find application with a deeper paraboloidal reflector than the one shown in FIG. 1. It becomes evident that the angle made by the direction of propagation of radial transmission line 38 with axis 34 controls the direction of radiation of signal energy from the feed and that this angle may be varied to suit the depth of the reflector and other needs of the immediate situation.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates' another embodiment of the invention in which the aperture of radial transmission line 38 forms a box horn 46.
  • the application of a box horn aperture provides a uniform intensity distribution across the aperture of the horn. This is discussed more fully in my monograph entitled Parabolic-Antenna Design for Microwaves published in the Proceeding of the I.R.E. November 1947, on pages 1284 through 1294. Annular uniformity of phase, intensity and polarization are again maintained by corrugations 40 cut in the wall of radial transmission line 38.
  • the Walls of radial transmission line 38 in FIG. 5 are coated with a di'electrical material 44 rather than corrugations 40 shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4. This likewise presents identical surface characteristics to both the electric and magnetic field carried in radial transmission line 38, but develops a uniform intensity distribution across the aperture of the feed. 7 a
  • a reflector and a feed element for radiating and intercepting electromagnetic signals to and from said reflector comprising a circular wavemission line and said waveguide, said radial transmission line having walls separated a distance of at least onehalf the wavelength of said signal, and said walls having annular quarter-wavelength deep corrugations centered about said axis.
  • a ring focus paraboloidal reflector having a focal circle included in a plane perpendicular to and centered on the axis of said reflector, a transceiver located behind the radiating surface of said reflector, and an antenna feed comprising a circular waveguide centered about said axis, means for extending said waveguide through said reflector to connect with said transceiver, an annular gap cut in the Wall of said waveguide at a point near said focal circle, a radial transmission line connected across said gap and extending completely around said waveguide, said transmission line having walls separated by a distance of at least one-half the wavelength of the signal applied to said feed, said walls having annular quarter-wavelength deep corrugations centered about said axis, and means for coupling said signal between said waveguide and said radial transmission line with annular uniformity of intensity, phase and polarization.
  • a ring focus paraboloidal reflector having a focal circle included in a plane perpendicular to and centered upon the axis of said reflector, a pedestal having a base diameter substantially equal to or less than said ring focus diameter mounted upon said reflector at the vertex of said reflector, remote electronic equipment, said equipment being housed inside said pedestal, and an antenna feed comprising a longitudinal transmission path having at least one metallic conductor centered about said axis, means for connecting said transmission path to said equipment, a radial transmission line located near said focal circle, the surface of said pedestal constituting one wall of said radial transmission line, and coupling means between said radial transmission line and said transmission path.
  • a ring focus paraboloidal reflector having a focal circle included in a plane perpendicular to and centered on the axis of said reflector, the edge of said reflector also being included in the plane of said focal circuit, terminal equipment located behind the radiating surface of said reflector, and an antenna feed comprising a circular waveguide centered about said axis, means for extending said waveguide through said reflector to connect with said terminal equipment, an annular gap in the wall of said waveguide at a point near said focal circle, a radial transmission line connected across said gap and extending completely around said axis, said radial transmission line forming an angle of approximately degrees with said axis, said transmission line having walls separated by a distance of at least one-half the Wavelength of the signal applied to said feed, said walls having annular quarter-wavelength deep corrugations centered about said axis, and means for uniformly coupling said signal between said waveguide and said radial transmission line.
US76943A 1960-12-19 1960-12-19 Ring focus antenna feed Expired - Lifetime US3162858A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL272285D NL272285A (pt) 1960-12-19
US76943A US3162858A (en) 1960-12-19 1960-12-19 Ring focus antenna feed
SE11634/61A SE300121B (pt) 1960-12-19 1961-11-22
GB42786/61A GB1004318A (en) 1960-12-19 1961-11-29 Improvements in or relating to radio antennas and feeds therefor
FR880737A FR1308116A (fr) 1960-12-19 1961-12-01 Antennes à foyer annulaire
DEW31189A DE1245447B (de) 1960-12-19 1961-12-02 Richtantenne mit Ringfokus-Paraboloidreflektor
BE611501A BE611501A (fr) 1960-12-19 1961-12-13 Alimentation d'antenne à foyer annulaire

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US76943A US3162858A (en) 1960-12-19 1960-12-19 Ring focus antenna feed

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3162858A true US3162858A (en) 1964-12-22

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US76943A Expired - Lifetime US3162858A (en) 1960-12-19 1960-12-19 Ring focus antenna feed

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US (1) US3162858A (pt)
BE (1) BE611501A (pt)
DE (1) DE1245447B (pt)
GB (1) GB1004318A (pt)
NL (1) NL272285A (pt)
SE (1) SE300121B (pt)

Cited By (19)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3430244A (en) * 1964-11-25 1969-02-25 Radiation Inc Reflector antennas
US3530480A (en) * 1967-07-03 1970-09-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Cassegrain antenna having dielectric supporting structure for subreflector
US3737909A (en) * 1970-06-18 1973-06-05 Radiation Inc Parabolic antenna system having high-illumination and spillover efficiencies
US4608572A (en) * 1982-12-10 1986-08-26 The Boeing Company Broad-band antenna structure having frequency-independent, low-loss ground plane
WO1987007771A1 (en) * 1986-06-03 1987-12-17 Stiftelsen For Industriell Og Teknisk Forskning Ve Reflector antenna with a self-supported feed
US4963878A (en) * 1986-06-03 1990-10-16 Kildal Per Simon Reflector antenna with a self-supported feed
US5202699A (en) * 1991-05-30 1993-04-13 Confier Corporation Integrated MMDS antenna and down converter
US5313220A (en) * 1991-05-30 1994-05-17 Conifer Corporation Low noise integrated MMDS antenna and down converter
US5394559A (en) * 1993-04-16 1995-02-28 Conifer Corporation MMDS/ITFS bi-directional over-the-air transmission system and method therefor
US5402138A (en) * 1991-05-30 1995-03-28 Conifer Corporation Integrated MMDS/MDS antenna and dual band down converter
US5523768A (en) * 1991-05-30 1996-06-04 Conifer Corporation Integrated feed and down converter apparatus
US5714963A (en) * 1995-10-06 1998-02-03 Andrew Corporation Antenna-to-radio quick-connect support device
US5969692A (en) * 1996-06-04 1999-10-19 Nec Corporation Antenna support fabric
US6020859A (en) * 1996-09-26 2000-02-01 Kildal; Per-Simon Reflector antenna with a self-supported feed
US6522305B2 (en) 2000-02-25 2003-02-18 Andrew Corporation Microwave antennas
WO2006064536A1 (ja) * 2004-12-13 2006-06-22 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha アンテナ装置
US20110081192A1 (en) * 2009-10-02 2011-04-07 Andrew Llc Cone to Boom Interconnection
US9318810B2 (en) 2013-10-02 2016-04-19 Wineguard Company Ring focus antenna
US10879619B2 (en) 2009-06-04 2020-12-29 Ubiquiti Inc. Microwave system

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GB2331185B (en) * 1983-03-05 1999-09-22 Emi Ltd Antenna arrangement
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL272285A (pt)
BE611501A (fr) 1962-03-30
DE1245447B (de) 1967-07-27
GB1004318A (en) 1965-09-15
SE300121B (pt) 1968-04-08

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