US3146177A - Multi-stage flash evaporator with heat recovery - Google Patents

Multi-stage flash evaporator with heat recovery Download PDF

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Publication number
US3146177A
US3146177A US67133A US6713360A US3146177A US 3146177 A US3146177 A US 3146177A US 67133 A US67133 A US 67133A US 6713360 A US6713360 A US 6713360A US 3146177 A US3146177 A US 3146177A
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United States
Prior art keywords
series
heaters
liquid
flash
group
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Expired - Lifetime
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US67133A
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English (en)
Inventor
Chalmers Thomas Martin
Frankel Adolf
Craig Hugh Robert Morton
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Richardsons Westgarth and Co Ltd
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Richardsons Westgarth and Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/06—Flash distillation
    • B01D3/065—Multiple-effect flash distillation (more than two traps)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/06—Flash evaporation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

  • This invention relates to multi-stage flash-type evaporators, and particularly to evaporators for distilling salt water or brackish water.
  • Evaporators of this type are provided with a number of flash chambers each of which is associated with a heater.
  • Each flash chamber and its associated heater may be arranged separately from one another and be joined by a connecting pipe; alternatively, the flash chambers may be arranged in a common vessel and the heaters in another common vessel separate from but joined to the flash chamber vessel.
  • Each heater of such an evaporator is provided with one or more tubes for conveying therethrough a liquid to be evaporated.
  • the liquid. during its passage through the tube or tubes, is heated by vapour which is flashed oif in each of the successive flash chambers and which condenses on the tubes.
  • the amount of heating surface required in an important factor for determining the overall length of the tubing so that the dimensions of the part of the vessel housing the heaters may be said to be substantially a function of the length of tubing it is desired to arrange therein.
  • the best size for the part of the vessel housing the flash chambers is independent of the overall length of the tubing and thus of the heater part of the vessel. Accordingly, it is an aim of the present invention to provide an evaporator which allows a designer to take such considerations into account to a far greater extent than has been possible in earlier designs of evaporator.
  • a multi-stage flash-type evaporator comprises a group of two or more flash chambers, each of which is connected to an associated heater provided with one or more tubes for the passage therethrough and the heating therein of liquid to be evaporated in the flash chambers, in which the flash chambers in the group are connected together in series while at least two of the heaters are connected together in parallel so that, in operation, the liquid to be evaporated is divided into a number of parallel streams prior to its entry into the heaters.
  • the flash chambers may be smaller than the heaters so that the respective sizes of the flash chambers and the heaters approach more closely the dimensions which give the best results in practice.
  • the flash chambers and associated heaters of each group form a compact unit or section of regular shape-for example, a rectangular unit.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic view of a flash-type evaporator which is outside the scope of the invention
  • FIGURES 2 and 3 are diagrammatic views of two different forms of evaporator according to the invention.
  • FIGURE 4 is a diagrammatic view of a modification to the evaporators shown in FIGURES 2 and 3.
  • the evaporator comprises a number of flash chambers 10 each of which is associated with a heater 12. All the flash chambers are connected in series through openings 14, as are the tube nests 16 arranged in each of the heaters.
  • the arrows D indicate the directions of flow through the evaporator of a single stream of liquid to be evaporated.
  • the liquid before being transferred from the last heater 18 to the first flash chamber 20, is conveyed through a heat-input section 22 in which its temperature is raised to produce a temperature difference between the liquid in the last heater 18 and the first flash chamber 20 which is suflicient for flashing to take place in the said flash chamber.
  • each flash chamber 10 is substantially equal to the size of each heater 12, and the tube surfaces in the heaters are substantially equal and provide a predetermined amount of heating surface.
  • the evaporator illustrated in FIGURE 2 has the flash chambers 10 and the heaters 12 arranged in six sub-groups each having two flash chambers 10a, 10b and two heaters 12a, 12b respectively so that some of the liquid flows through the tube nest 16a arranged in the group of heaters 12a while the remaining liquid flows parallel to that stream through the tube nest 16b arranged in the group of heaters 12b.
  • the two streams are recombined by short pipes 29 after having passed through the heaters of each sub-group, but are divided again before they enter the heaters of the following sub-group.
  • the flash chambers Ida and 10b of the six sub-groups are connected in series through the openings 14 and the pipe connections 26 to form two main groups, and the liquid not flashed off in the first flash chambers is transferred to the following flash chambers until it finally reaches the flash chambers located on the extreme right-hand side of the figure and leaves through the outlet 27. Condensate is removed from the heaters through outlet pipes 23 and 25, while liquid to be evaporated enters through the inlet pipe 29.
  • the evaporator shown in FIGURE 3 is similar to the one illustrated in FIGURE 2 except that, in addition to the six groups of series-connected flash chambers 10a and 10b, their associated heaters 12a and 12b respectively are also connected in series to form two main groups of heaters. As a result, the-two parallel streams of liquid flow through each of their respective heaters 12a and 12b and are recombined only once for the passage through the heat-input section 22 and the flash chambers.
  • each flash chamber ltla of the evaporators shown in FIGURES 2 and 3 is associated with a heater 12a, while each flash chamber 10b is associated with a heater 12b.
  • the tube surfaces in the heaters may also vary either from heater to heater or between the heaters in one group, or set, and the heaters in another group 'or set.
  • the invention is not restricted to the main part of an evaporator.
  • most evaporators include a heat-rejection section for reducing the temperature of the part of the unevaporated liquid that is recirculated through the heaters.
  • the heat rejection is effected by piping the unevaporated liquid through a vessel so that it gives up heat to cold water, for example, which is pumped continuously through the vessel and which, after absorbing the heat, is discharged to waste.
  • the heat-rejection section may also consist of a number of flash chambers with associated heaters.
  • the cooling water conveyed through the heat-rejection section may also be divided into parallel streams.
  • FIGURE 4 where the heat-rejection section 28 consists of four flash chambers 30 divided into two groups of two flash chambers each, the cooling water being divided into two parallel streams 32 and 34 which pass through heaters 36 and 38 respectively.
  • the heat-rejection section of a conventional evaporator is invariably designed for a specific cooling Water temperature, for instance, the temperature of sea water. If, however, as a result of a reduction of this temperature the bottom temperature of the unevaporated liquid drops, the specific volume of vapour flashed off in the last flash chamber increases. As a further result, the vapour volume to be handled by the heater associated with this flash chamber increases considerably and there is a risk of an increased carry-over of liquid particles in the vapour generated in the flash chamber.
  • the work to be done in each of the flash chambers and associated heaters forming the heat-rejection section remains substantially constant if, as shown in FIGURE 4, the cooling liquid is arranged to flow in a number of parallel streams 32 and 34 through this section.
  • the last flash chamber does not operate under a substantially higher load than the other flash chambers.
  • Effective control may be achieved simply by throttling the whole of the cooling water supply with one valve 40 instead of using a number of interstage valves or by-passes as in conventional evaporators.
  • the valve 40 can be operated automatically by means 42 sensitive to the temperature of the cooling liquid or by means 44 sensitive to the temperature of the liquid in one of the flash chambers.
  • One of the advantages of an evaporator according to the invention is that a smaller number of tubes of greater length may be used which permits a saving in manufacturing costs.
  • less tubes of greater lengths may be accommodated more easily to the overall design of the evaporator.
  • the water boxes required in an evaporator according to the invention may be of a more simplified design.
  • a multi-stage flash type evaporator comprising a first group of flash chambers and associated heat exchangers acting as heaters, and liquid conveying conduits for liquid to be heated, said heaters being arranged in at least two series, there being a plurality of heaters in each series, the heaters in each series being serially connected for the flow of condensate from the heater at one end of said series through the intermediate heaters, to the heater at the other end of said series, said one end corresponding to that end where liquid heating is terminated and flash vaporization begins and said other end corresponding to that end where heating begins and flash vaporization terminates, a condensate outlet from each heater discharging into the next upstream heater with regard to feed flow and discharging at said other end of each series, said flash chambers being equal in number to said heaters, alternate ones of said flash chambers being connected for the flow of vapor to separate and corresponding heaters of one series of said heaters in degrading thermal relation and the remaining alternate flash chambers being similarly connected to the other series of heaters,
  • a multi-stage flash type evaporator as defined in claim 1 comprising a control valve in the common inlet for liquid to said second group of heaters, said valve be 1 ing connected to and under the control of means sensitive to temperature in one of said second group of flash chambers.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
US67133A 1959-11-06 1960-11-03 Multi-stage flash evaporator with heat recovery Expired - Lifetime US3146177A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB37779/59A GB958955A (en) 1959-11-06 1959-11-06 Improvements in or relating to evaporators

Publications (1)

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US3146177A true US3146177A (en) 1964-08-25

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US67133A Expired - Lifetime US3146177A (en) 1959-11-06 1960-11-03 Multi-stage flash evaporator with heat recovery

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3146177A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1129930B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB958955A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (2) NL132637C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3197387A (en) * 1963-05-20 1965-07-27 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Multi-stage flash evaporators
US3324012A (en) * 1963-06-12 1967-06-06 Saline Water Conversion Corp Liquid purification by solvent distillation and recovery
US3342697A (en) * 1964-07-28 1967-09-19 Roland P Hammond Multistage flash evaporator
US3351120A (en) * 1965-04-30 1967-11-07 Aqua Chem Inc Multiple effect, multi-stage flash and film evaporator
US3372096A (en) * 1966-07-05 1968-03-05 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp High purity water flash evaportator with series stages for redistillation of distillate
US3391062A (en) * 1965-04-21 1968-07-02 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Recirculating multistage flash evaporator apparatus and method
US3440146A (en) * 1966-05-02 1969-04-22 Johan A Louw Desalination method and apparatus with plural vaporization chambers containing shallow layers of liquid
US3453181A (en) * 1965-12-21 1969-07-01 Gen Electric Evaporator unit with integral liquid heater
US3457144A (en) * 1966-02-03 1969-07-22 Weir Westgarth Ltd Multi-stage flash evaporation having plural feed flow patterns
US3458405A (en) * 1966-04-22 1969-07-29 John N Akers Distillation system with vertically stacked horizontally inclined evaporators
US3928983A (en) * 1971-11-26 1975-12-30 Emmanuil Gershkovich Ainbinder Method of producing cold in an absorption-type refrigerating plant performing this method
JPS5114913Y1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1974-10-15 1976-04-20
JPS5120470B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1970-02-25 1976-06-25
EP0010253A1 (en) * 1978-10-13 1980-04-30 The University of Utah Research Foundation Continuous distillation apparatus and method of operation
JPS56102985A (en) * 1970-11-12 1981-08-17 Sir Soc Italiana Resine Spa Flush evaporator
US4900403A (en) * 1987-09-11 1990-02-13 Energy Conservation Partnership, Ltd. Recovery of gas dissolved in flue condensate
US8691054B2 (en) 2011-04-18 2014-04-08 Friedrich Alt Multi-stage flash evaporator

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3228859A (en) * 1960-09-13 1966-01-11 Richardsons Westgarth & Co Multistage flash evaporators
US3249517A (en) * 1963-04-12 1966-05-03 Lockman Carl Johan Apparatus for multi stage flash evaporation
JPS5129376A (ja) * 1974-09-06 1976-03-12 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Tadanjohatsushikizosuihoho oyobi sonosochi

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1948052A (en) * 1932-09-15 1934-02-20 Walter E Smith System of vacuum pan control
US2073825A (en) * 1934-09-05 1937-03-16 Cons Ashcroft Hancock Co Automatic temperature and pressure control system
FR1090781A (fr) * 1952-11-03 1955-04-04 Metallgesellschaft Ag Procédé pour la concentration par évaporation en plusieurs étages de liquides déposant des sels

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1948052A (en) * 1932-09-15 1934-02-20 Walter E Smith System of vacuum pan control
US2073825A (en) * 1934-09-05 1937-03-16 Cons Ashcroft Hancock Co Automatic temperature and pressure control system
FR1090781A (fr) * 1952-11-03 1955-04-04 Metallgesellschaft Ag Procédé pour la concentration par évaporation en plusieurs étages de liquides déposant des sels
GB748572A (en) * 1952-11-03 1956-05-02 Metallgesellschaft Ag Process for the multi-stage evaporation of salt-depositing liquids

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3197387A (en) * 1963-05-20 1965-07-27 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Multi-stage flash evaporators
US3324012A (en) * 1963-06-12 1967-06-06 Saline Water Conversion Corp Liquid purification by solvent distillation and recovery
US3342697A (en) * 1964-07-28 1967-09-19 Roland P Hammond Multistage flash evaporator
US3391062A (en) * 1965-04-21 1968-07-02 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Recirculating multistage flash evaporator apparatus and method
US3351120A (en) * 1965-04-30 1967-11-07 Aqua Chem Inc Multiple effect, multi-stage flash and film evaporator
US3453181A (en) * 1965-12-21 1969-07-01 Gen Electric Evaporator unit with integral liquid heater
US3457144A (en) * 1966-02-03 1969-07-22 Weir Westgarth Ltd Multi-stage flash evaporation having plural feed flow patterns
US3458405A (en) * 1966-04-22 1969-07-29 John N Akers Distillation system with vertically stacked horizontally inclined evaporators
US3440146A (en) * 1966-05-02 1969-04-22 Johan A Louw Desalination method and apparatus with plural vaporization chambers containing shallow layers of liquid
US3372096A (en) * 1966-07-05 1968-03-05 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp High purity water flash evaportator with series stages for redistillation of distillate
JPS5120470B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1970-02-25 1976-06-25
JPS56102985A (en) * 1970-11-12 1981-08-17 Sir Soc Italiana Resine Spa Flush evaporator
US3928983A (en) * 1971-11-26 1975-12-30 Emmanuil Gershkovich Ainbinder Method of producing cold in an absorption-type refrigerating plant performing this method
JPS5114913Y1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1974-10-15 1976-04-20
EP0010253A1 (en) * 1978-10-13 1980-04-30 The University of Utah Research Foundation Continuous distillation apparatus and method of operation
US4900403A (en) * 1987-09-11 1990-02-13 Energy Conservation Partnership, Ltd. Recovery of gas dissolved in flue condensate
US8691054B2 (en) 2011-04-18 2014-04-08 Friedrich Alt Multi-stage flash evaporator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL132637C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1900-01-01
NL259943A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1900-01-01
GB958955A (en) 1964-05-27
DE1129930B (de) 1962-05-24

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