US3130088A - Thermal-flattening of metallic strip - Google Patents
Thermal-flattening of metallic strip Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3130088A US3130088A US784214A US78421458A US3130088A US 3130088 A US3130088 A US 3130088A US 784214 A US784214 A US 784214A US 78421458 A US78421458 A US 78421458A US 3130088 A US3130088 A US 3130088A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- strip
- rolls
- flattening
- furnace
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
- B21D3/02—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts by rollers
- B21D3/05—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts by rollers arranged on axes rectangular to the path of the work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D1/00—Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefrom; Stretching sheet metal combined with rolling
- B21D1/02—Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefrom; Stretching sheet metal combined with rolling by rollers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0252—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment with application of tension
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0242—Flattening; Dressing; Flexing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1238—Flattening; Dressing; Flexing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/125—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest with application of tension
Definitions
- This invention relates to the thermal-attening of metallic strip and more particularly to the tlattening of continuous steel strip which is the product of either tandem or reversing cold mills or composed of butt welded sheets.
- the invention will nd particular utility in the flattening of steel that is to be used for transformer or generator laminations wherein liatness is of the utmost importance. It will be understood, however, that its utility is not so limited and the invention may be utilized in other applications wherein improved ilatness characteristics are desired.
- a further object of my invention is the provision of a thermal-attening treatment by means of which metallic strip having badly deformed edges may be treated to produce an extremely at product; and by the term extremely flat, I means that the deviation in a 3l" wide strip will be of the order of .05 inch or less.
- Still a further object of the invention is the provision of a flattening treatment particularly applicable to cold rolled steel including the electrical steels irrespective of their silicon content or their content of other alloying ingredients.
- Still a further object of rny invention is the provision of a iiatness treatment which is not only relatively inexpensive but which may be practiced upon magnetic materials without imparing the magnetic characteristics developed in such materials by other processing techniques.
- FIGURE 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a flattening furnace in accordance with the invention.
- my invention contemplates a positive flattening of the strip by means of a furnace in which the strip is threaded over and under alternate spaced apart attening rolls, the strip being drawn through the furnace under tension with the rolls in positive contact with the strip across its full width as it is drawn through the furnace.
- the amount of work done on the strip is the minimum that is required to achieve the desired atness.
- roll spacing the number of attening rolls, roll diameter, top roll penetration, strip tension, strip speed, and furnace temperatures are controlled in such a way that their combined effect will produce the desired degree of iiatness without adversely affecting other properties of the steel. This is particularly important in the case of grain oriented silicon steel wherein excessive working of the strip would be detrimental to its magnetic properties.
- the length of the attening furnace can be materially reduced, thereby reducing the cost of the flattening line.
- My invention is based upon the observation that the buckling or canoeing of a metallic strip bears a direct relationship to its slenderness ratio; and that by maintaining the slenderness ratio as low as possible, the strip will be essentially freed from buckles and other irregularities tending to adversely aect its flatness.
- the slenderness ratio of a strip indicates the magnitude of the contracting forces acting to reduce the width of a given length of strip when such given length is stretched, i.e. placed under longitudinal tension.
- the strip will be stretched or tensioned between the two sets of rolls.
- the distance between the entering and exit sets of rolls I Will call the gauge length of the strip.
- the slenderness ratio of the strip is deiined as the ratio of gauge length to the square root of the crosssectional area of the strip. For strip of constant width and thickness, the slenderness ratio thus varies directly with the span over which it is stretched or, in this case, with the distance between the two sets of rolls.
- the gauge length of the strip may be as much as several hundred feet and the slenderness ratio of the strip is quite high. I have found that by reducing the gauge length of the strip, and hence its slenderness ratio, the strip is placed under lateral restraint which effectively reduces the transverse stresses which cause buckling.
- the rolls within the furnace through which the strip is threaded serve to eiectively shorten the gauge length by dividing the distance between the entrance and exit pinch rolls into a series of relatively short gauge lengths. This materially reduces the slenderness ratio of the strip and the lateral forces tending to buckle it are practically eliminated. At the same time a positive flattening action is exerted by the attening rolls which enable me to materially reduce the length of the furnace.
- the metallic strip to be attened is fed from a reel or roll stand 1 which is of conventional construction. It will be understood that the strip will be delivered to the reel in coiled condition either from storage or from some preceding operation in its manufacture. Alternatively, it is possible to feed the strip directly from some other operation, as for example a pickling treatment or coating operation, the strip being fed continuously from such other operation directly between a set of entrance pinch rolls 2 which will be driven and will serve to feed the strip Vfrom the feed reel 1 into the furnace. In the event the strip is to be fed directly from a preceding operation, the, set of pinch rolls 2 will be synchronized with the exit speed of the strip from such preceding operation.
- the furnace is indicated at 3 and will comprise a heating and soaking section 4 and a coolingsection 5.
- the strip which is indicated by the. reference numeral 6, passes between the nip of a second set of driven pinch rolls 7 which are driven at a speed somewhat greater than the speed of pinch rolls 2 and hence act to draw the strip through the furnace under tension.
- the strip is conveyed on spaced apart carrier rolls S excepting for that portion of the furnace wherein the strip passes alternately between the staggered series of flattening rolls 9a and 9b.
- the bottom flattening rolls 9b i.e.
- the rolls which lie beneath the strip and contact its undersurface will be in alignment with the carrier rolls 8, whereas the top attening rolls 9a will be adjustably mounted so that they may be retracted in order to facilitate threading of the strip and also toV permit their adjustment for proper strip penetration.
- Theflattening rolls can be either driven or idled, although I prefer the latter. However, it is desirable for all rolls within the furnace to be provided with means for turning them while heating up the furnace after a shut-down in order to prevent roll warpage.
- the diameter of the attening rolls is three inches and they are spaced apart a distance of 1 l0".
- the strip passes between two top rolls and two bottom rolls, and the top roll penetration or degree of wrap-around is adjusted so that the top and bottom rolls are essentially in line, i.e. the top rolls penetrate the pass line of the bottom rolls by a distance substantially equal to the diameter of the rolls.
- the attening rolls have a diameter of 4% inches, they are spaced apart by a distance of from 4 to 6 feet andthe stripY is passed between asV many as four sets of flattening rolls.
- the top rolls are adjustable and they may be set to penetrate the pass line of the lower rolls by a distance up t the diameter of the roll. It will be understood, of course, that roll diameter, roll spacing, the number of rolls, and their penetration are interrelated and may be varied depending upon the. gauge and type of strip being handled. An exact rule for the correlation of the various factors involved cannot be given because of theinterplay of many variables, but with any given material it will be within the skillof the worker in the art to establish the necessary conditions to produce the desired atness.
- the strip tension may be varied depending upon the type of steel strip being handled, its gauge, and the fur# nace temperature; and I have found that best results for silicon steel, for example, are obtained when the strip tension is from 1100 to 2200 p.s.i. with optimum results at about 1500 p.s.i. and the furnace temperature is about 1500o F.
- the temperature of the heat treatment to produce latness is not critical per se and. in most cases will be governed by a consideration of the results to be produced. Essentially, the object is to heat the strip to a temperature at which it becomes soft enough for the relief of strains while at the same time not hurting the other properties of the strip.
- the preferred temperature is about 1475 E1-25 F., and care should be taken not to exceed l500 C., since at higher temperatures the magnetic properties of the steel might be damaged.
- cornmon grades of steel strip are being flattened much higher temperatures may be employed, and if flatness is the only consideration the maximum permissible temperature is essentially determined by mechanical factors.
- the length of time it takes to bring the material up to temperature is of course aifected by its gauge.
- the heat- ⁇ ing takes place quite rapidlyV and, once the strip has been brought to temperature, no appreciable holding time is required.
- the atmosphere within the furnace does not affect the flatness of the strip, and hence forms no limitation on the process. If desired, the atmosphere may be chosen in accordance with its effect upon other qualities of the metal, such as brightness, decarburization and mechanical properties. It is preferred that a neutral or reducing atmosphere be employed to substantially prevent scaling of the strip.
- a process for increasing the flatness of steel strip which, in otherwise finished form, is characterized by a lack of flatness, which comprisesA bringing the material to atemperaturel of at least 900 F. at which it is soft enough for the relief of strains, alternately passing theV strip over and undei a plurality of spaced apart flattening rolls some of which at least are arranged to penetrate the ⁇ pass line of the strip by a distance no greater than the diameter of said rolls, while at the same time subjecting the material to longitudinal tension, said flattening rolls being spaced from each other by a substantial distance on the order of from. about seven tol fifteen times the diameter of ⁇ said rolls, and thereafter cooling the said strip to normal temperature at a rate slower than open cooling in air at room temperature.
- a process for increasing the flatness of steel strip which, in otherwise nished form, is characterized by a lack. of atness, which comprises bringing the material to a temperature of atleast 900 F. at which it is soft enough for the relief of strains, alternately passing the strip over and under a plurality of spaced apart flattening rolls some of which at least are arranged to penetrate the pass line of the strip by a distance which is no greater than the diameter of said rolls, while at the same time subjecting the material to longitudinal tension of from 1100 to 2200 p.s.i., said attening rolls being spaced from each other by a substantial distance on the order of from about seven to fteen times the diameter of said rolls, and thereafter cooling the said strip to normal temperature at a rate slower than open cooling in air at room temperature.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US784214A US3130088A (en) | 1958-12-31 | 1958-12-31 | Thermal-flattening of metallic strip |
DEA33486A DE1140891B (de) | 1958-12-31 | 1959-12-11 | Verfahren zum Richten von Metallband |
BE585670A BE585670A (fr) | 1958-12-31 | 1959-12-15 | Planage à chaud d'une bande metallique |
GB43588/59A GB882756A (en) | 1958-12-31 | 1959-12-22 | Thermal-flattening of metallic strip |
FR814420A FR1244097A (fr) | 1958-12-31 | 1959-12-28 | Procédé de planage à chaud de bandes métalliques |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US784214A US3130088A (en) | 1958-12-31 | 1958-12-31 | Thermal-flattening of metallic strip |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3130088A true US3130088A (en) | 1964-04-21 |
Family
ID=25131710
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US784214A Expired - Lifetime US3130088A (en) | 1958-12-31 | 1958-12-31 | Thermal-flattening of metallic strip |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3130088A (de) |
BE (1) | BE585670A (de) |
DE (1) | DE1140891B (de) |
FR (1) | FR1244097A (de) |
GB (1) | GB882756A (de) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3390871A (en) * | 1962-08-24 | 1968-07-02 | Morgan Construction Co | Apparatus for the controlled cooling of rods |
US3421925A (en) * | 1965-07-30 | 1969-01-14 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method for producing improved metallic strip material |
US3699797A (en) * | 1970-12-07 | 1972-10-24 | Bekaert Sa Nv | Hot worked steel method and product |
US3847002A (en) * | 1972-06-13 | 1974-11-12 | Suzuke Metal Ind Co Ltd | Method of producing steel wire and strand for pre-stressed concrete construction |
US4057989A (en) * | 1975-08-13 | 1977-11-15 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method for levelling a metal strip or sheet |
US5096510A (en) * | 1989-12-11 | 1992-03-17 | Armco Inc. | Thermal flattening semi-processed electrical steel |
US5609696A (en) * | 1994-04-26 | 1997-03-11 | Ltv Steel Company, Inc. | Process of making electrical steels |
US6068708A (en) * | 1998-03-10 | 2000-05-30 | Ltv Steel Company, Inc. | Process of making electrical steels having good cleanliness and magnetic properties |
US6217673B1 (en) | 1994-04-26 | 2001-04-17 | Ltv Steel Company, Inc. | Process of making electrical steels |
EP1795617A1 (de) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-06-13 | ThyssenKrupp Steel AG | Verfahren zum Wärmebehandeln eines Elektroblech-Stahlbands |
FR3027920A1 (fr) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-05-06 | Fives Stein | Procede d'orientation de grains de tole d'acier, dispositif s'y rapportant, et installation mettant en oeuvre ce procede ou ce dispositif |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2530264B1 (fr) * | 1982-07-19 | 1989-12-29 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede permettant d'accroitre la resistance a la corrosion fissurante d'elements allonges tels que des armatures de conduites flexibles ou de cables, et produits ainsi obtenus |
EP0591589A1 (de) * | 1992-10-07 | 1994-04-13 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Richten von Metallbändern |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1914439A (en) * | 1930-01-06 | 1933-06-20 | Mckenna Process Company Of Ill | Method of hot straightening |
US2333282A (en) * | 1938-12-16 | 1943-11-02 | Acme Steel Co | Method of and apparatus for straightening strip steel |
US2432828A (en) * | 1939-07-01 | 1947-12-16 | United Eng Foundry Co | Apparatus for stretcher leveling strips |
US2699196A (en) * | 1952-02-23 | 1955-01-11 | Hydropress Inc | Safety device for roller levelers |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE534296C (de) * | 1929-11-26 | 1931-09-24 | Heraeus Vacuumschmelze A G | Verfahren zum Auswalzen fadengerader, schmaler und duenner Baender |
DE840985C (de) * | 1940-03-12 | 1952-06-09 | Eugene Mayer | Planier- und Streckmaschine fuer Feinbleche |
-
1958
- 1958-12-31 US US784214A patent/US3130088A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1959
- 1959-12-11 DE DEA33486A patent/DE1140891B/de active Pending
- 1959-12-15 BE BE585670A patent/BE585670A/fr unknown
- 1959-12-22 GB GB43588/59A patent/GB882756A/en not_active Expired
- 1959-12-28 FR FR814420A patent/FR1244097A/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1914439A (en) * | 1930-01-06 | 1933-06-20 | Mckenna Process Company Of Ill | Method of hot straightening |
US2333282A (en) * | 1938-12-16 | 1943-11-02 | Acme Steel Co | Method of and apparatus for straightening strip steel |
US2432828A (en) * | 1939-07-01 | 1947-12-16 | United Eng Foundry Co | Apparatus for stretcher leveling strips |
US2699196A (en) * | 1952-02-23 | 1955-01-11 | Hydropress Inc | Safety device for roller levelers |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3390871A (en) * | 1962-08-24 | 1968-07-02 | Morgan Construction Co | Apparatus for the controlled cooling of rods |
US3421925A (en) * | 1965-07-30 | 1969-01-14 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method for producing improved metallic strip material |
US3699797A (en) * | 1970-12-07 | 1972-10-24 | Bekaert Sa Nv | Hot worked steel method and product |
US3847002A (en) * | 1972-06-13 | 1974-11-12 | Suzuke Metal Ind Co Ltd | Method of producing steel wire and strand for pre-stressed concrete construction |
US4057989A (en) * | 1975-08-13 | 1977-11-15 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method for levelling a metal strip or sheet |
US5096510A (en) * | 1989-12-11 | 1992-03-17 | Armco Inc. | Thermal flattening semi-processed electrical steel |
US5609696A (en) * | 1994-04-26 | 1997-03-11 | Ltv Steel Company, Inc. | Process of making electrical steels |
USRE35967E (en) * | 1994-04-26 | 1998-11-24 | Ltv Steel Company, Inc. | Process of making electrical steels |
US6217673B1 (en) | 1994-04-26 | 2001-04-17 | Ltv Steel Company, Inc. | Process of making electrical steels |
US6068708A (en) * | 1998-03-10 | 2000-05-30 | Ltv Steel Company, Inc. | Process of making electrical steels having good cleanliness and magnetic properties |
EP1795617A1 (de) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-06-13 | ThyssenKrupp Steel AG | Verfahren zum Wärmebehandeln eines Elektroblech-Stahlbands |
FR3027920A1 (fr) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-05-06 | Fives Stein | Procede d'orientation de grains de tole d'acier, dispositif s'y rapportant, et installation mettant en oeuvre ce procede ou ce dispositif |
WO2016067214A1 (fr) | 2014-10-29 | 2016-05-06 | Fives Stein | Procédé d'orientation de grains de tôle d'acier, dispositif s'y rapportant, et installation mettant en oeuvre ce procédé ou ce dispositif |
CN107109510A (zh) * | 2014-10-29 | 2017-08-29 | 法孚斯坦因公司 | 钢板晶粒的取向方法、相应装置及实施所述方法或装置的设备 |
US11028459B2 (en) | 2014-10-29 | 2021-06-08 | Fives Stein | Method for orienting steel sheet grains, corresponding device, and facility implementing said method or device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR1244097A (fr) | 1960-10-21 |
DE1140891B (de) | 1962-12-13 |
BE585670A (fr) | 1960-04-01 |
GB882756A (en) | 1961-11-22 |
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