US3120611A - Method and apparatus for the negative reproduction of masters on a copy bearer utilizing a heat absorbing layer - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for the negative reproduction of masters on a copy bearer utilizing a heat absorbing layer Download PDF

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US3120611A
US3120611A US27431A US2743160A US3120611A US 3120611 A US3120611 A US 3120611A US 27431 A US27431 A US 27431A US 2743160 A US2743160 A US 2743160A US 3120611 A US3120611 A US 3120611A
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heat
layer
reproduction
transmittant
master
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Lind Erwin
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Kalle GmbH and Co KG
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Kalle GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
    • B41M5/46—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography characterised by the light-to-heat converting means; characterised by the heat or radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers

Definitions

  • An object of the present invention is to provide a process and materials for making negative copies of masters by the transfer of image forming material to a copy bearer.
  • a further object is to provide an inexpensive process and inexpensive material for duplicating copies by the passage of heat through a master and depositing an observable image on inexpensive copy bearer material.
  • the present invention includes a process for the preparation of copies from a master by the action of heat by means of a reproduction layer which is in contact with a copy bearer characterized in that a heat-ray transmittant, heat-conduction inhibiting intermediate layer, is set between master and reproduction coating and heat rays are then passed therethrough, provision being made by means of heat-absorbing agents that the parts of the reproduction layer corresponding to the image-free partsof the master are preferentially heated so that a negative image .of the master is formed on said copy bearer in contact with the reproduction layer.
  • the masters used may be of many different kinds. They are normally thin, heat-ray transmittant materials made in particular of cellulose products or plastics and furnished on one side with a text or drawing.
  • heat-conduction inhibiting intermediate layer thin foils of transparent or opaque (light-diffusing) material can be used provided they adequately transmit heat-rays and are capable of inhibiting heat-conduction.
  • foils made of cellulose products such as paper, cellulose hydnate, cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate and cellulose acetobutyrate, various plastics, e.g., polyolefines such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene chloride, polyamides, poly- 3,120,611 Patented Feb. 4, 1964 esters such as polyterephthalic acid glycol ester, polycarbonates and polyurethanes may be used.
  • foils made of cellulose acetate, polyolefines, polyvinylcompounds with chlorine content and polyesters are suitable. It is also possible for thin glass plates to be used but in general flexible foils are to be preferred.
  • the inhibition or heat-conduction is, among other things, a function of the thickness of the layer. Selection of the appropriate thickness for the heat-ray transmittant heat-conduction inhibiting layer will give the required effeet. In general, layers of a thickness within the range of about 20 to 300p, preferably of about to about ZOO r will be used. Layers of greater thickness only seldom give an improved effect. Layers of less thickness will not adequately inhibit heat conduction, except in special cases and under very accurate conditions, so that thin layers will only very seldom be resorted to.
  • the reproduction material used consists of a support furnished with a reproduction layer.
  • the support may, for example, consist of thin foils made of cellulose products such as paper and cellulose hydrate, cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate and cellulose propionate. Equally well thin foils made of plastics as detailed in the previous paragraph as suitable for the heat-ray transmittant, heat-conduction inhibiting intermediate layer may be used. Because of their cheapness and effectiveness the cellulose products are in general preferable.
  • the thickness of the support is preferably from about 20 to about 40 4. Thinner and also thicker supports may be used.
  • the reproduction layers used are in general ones of which the melting point is between 30 and 140 C., preferably between 50 and C. Those having wax-type properties are preferred.
  • the required properties are in general achieved by a combination of a number of substances.
  • natural and synthetic waxes advantageously so-called hard lwaxes such as carnauba wax, esparto wax, candelilla wax and mixtures of such products are used.
  • the reproduction layers generally contain substances that increase flexibility and decrease brittleness.
  • mineral oils or other parafiin hydrocarbons such as petrolatum, ozocerite, ceresin, Vaseline or soft paraflins are added.
  • natural and synthetic resins such as colophon-y, shellac, polystyrene, polyethylenes, polyacrylates, alkyl cellulose, dyestuffs, pigments and fillers may be worked into the coating mixture.
  • An example of a simple reproduction layer is one consisting of equal parts of carnauba wax and mineral oil into which a d-yestuff is mixed.
  • the essential characteristics of the reproduction layer comprise a melting point within the required range and a certain wax-like stickiness, enabling the layer to be easily transferred to the copy bearer, to which it will then adhere.
  • the reproduction layers should consist of or contain a wax in a narrow sense; other naturally occurring or synthetic products with wax-like properties, e.g. parafiins higher fatty acids, higher aliphatic alcohols and higher aliphatic ketones, polygly cols, polyethylene oxides, polyglycerine, and substitution products such as chloroparaflins can also be used.
  • the ex pression Wax-type substances used in this invention should comprise all the naturally occurring waxes and the synthetic waxes and the products with wax-like properties mentioned above.
  • the wax-type reproduction layer is applied to the supglass.
  • a porting material in known manner.
  • the material is melted and is applied to the support by casting, roller application or spraying.
  • the application of a back-coating to the support is often advisable.
  • a thin, non-pigmented, waxtype coating can, for example, be used.
  • the substances used as heat-absorbent material are ones that heavily absorb heat rays and convert them into perceptible heat.
  • -Foils to which a black coating has been applied are also suitable.
  • Photographic papers or films which have been exposed to light, developed and fixed are thus very satisfactory.
  • a dark dyestuff or dark substance such as carbon-black is added directly to the waxtype reproduction layer and the heat absorption thus effected.
  • the essential thing is for dark-colored, preferably black materials to be brought into intimate contact with the wax-type reproduction layer, either by layer-tolayer contact or by the presence of the two materials in one layer.
  • the heat-absorbent substance can with advantage be selected so that it has an absorption maximum in the wave-length region transmitted by the heat radiator.
  • Suitable heat radiation sources are ones which have a sufficiently high temperature, e.g., from some hundreds of degrees to several thousands.
  • infra-red radiators are used. It is an advantage if the rays are concentrated by means of reflectors on the image surface. It is advisable for the quantity of heat necessary for the melting of the reproduction layer to be applied in a brief radiation of high intensity. In this way sharper images are obtained than when the same quantity of heat is applied by less intensive radiation of longer duration.
  • Foils of the most varied materials in particular foils such as already detailed above as suitable material for the heat-transmittant, heat-conduction inhibiting intermediate layer, can be used as the supporting material for the final copy, i.e., as the copy bearer.
  • the copy bearer can also consist of metal foils or Foils made of metal such as aluminum, copper or zinc or those made up of several layers of meta-l, e.g., chromium on copper, as used for the preparation of printing plates, are particularly suitable.
  • dark colored copy bearers which also serve at the same time as light absorbent layers.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a master a with printing on one side which is placed upon a heat-ray transmittant, heat-conduction inhibiting intermediate layer b and then the two together are placed upon the reproduction material consisting of a support c, e. g., paper, and the waxtype reproduction layer d.
  • the reproduction material is arranged in such a way that the reproduction layer d is away from the master.
  • a black paper is then placed on the reproduction layer as cop-y bearer f and the heat rays are beamed upon the master thus irradiating the various superposed layers.
  • the arrows show the direction of the heat rays used. Due to its black color the copy bearer 1 serves also as heat absorbing material e. An image is obtained on the copy bearer which is a negative of the master. If a light colored reproduction layer is used, readily legible copies which are light on dark ground are obtained.
  • FIG. 1a 'A modification of this procedure (FIG. 1a) consists in the application of the reproduction layer d directly to the heat-ray transmittant, heat-conduction inhibiting intermediate layer b.
  • intermediate layer b at the same time serves as support for the reproduction layer d.
  • a further procedure (FIG. 2) consists in the placing of a reproduction material consisting of a support 0 and the reproduction layer d downwards, upon a copy bearer f and in the placing thereon of a material which on the side facing the reproduction material has a dark, powerfully heat-absorbent layer 2, e.g., exposed, developed and fixed photographic material, as heat-ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer b.
  • a dark, powerfully heat-absorbent layer 2 e.g., exposed, developed and fixed photographic material, as heat-ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer b.
  • a particularly effective procedure by which the process can be carried out consists in the placing of a reproduction material consisting of a support 0 and a reproduction layer d, with its reproduction layer d against the copy bearer f, the reproduction layer in this case containing a dark dyestuff or a dark pigment such as carbonblack, as heat-absorbing agent. Therefore the reproduction layer at the same time serves as heat absorbing material e.
  • a heat-ray transm-ittant, heatconduction inhibiting sheet b is placed on the reproduction material, and then the master a is laid on top. Heat rays are then beamed upon the master and in this way the copy is produced on the copy bearer f.
  • FIG. 3a It is also possible (FIG. 3a) to coat the support c with a heat absorbing layer 2 and to coat this layer e in turn with a reproduction layer d instead of incorporating the heat absorbing material into the reproduction layer.
  • a further (see FIG. 4) simplified modification of the process described above (in FIG. 3) consists in the application of the reproduction layer d containing the heatabsorbing agent e directly to the heat-ray transmittant, heat-conduction inhibiting intermediate layer b serving at the same time as support c.
  • Reproduction material of this type is placed with the reproduction layer (d c) against the copy bearer f and the master a is placed on top.
  • the procedure described in FIG. 4 is particularly suit able for continuous processing.
  • the heat radiation source is also in the hollow roller and so also may be the reflector which concentrates the heat rays on the image surface.
  • the reproduction material and the material serving as copy bearer are passed over the roller.
  • the copying process described above enables negative copies to be prepared from masters simply and rationally.
  • the copies keep satisfactorily at room temperature and if heated to -100 C. can be transferred to another supporting material.
  • a metal is used as copy bearer, the parts not covered with the reproduction coating can be etched and in this way printing plates can be produced.
  • Examples (1) A coating preparation produced by the melting all together at a constant speed of several metres a minute.
  • a coating preparation produced by the melting together of 36 parts by weight of carnauba wax, 1 part by weight of ozocerite, 40 parts by weight of mineral oil, 5 parts by weight of oleic acid, 3 parts by weight of crystal Violet and 15 parts by weight of carbon black is cast upon a cellulose hydrate foil of a thickness of 100g.
  • the coated foil is exposed under a master to radiant heat as described in Example 1.
  • the cellulose hydrate foil serving as supporting material for the coating preparation acts simultaneously as heat-insulating intermediate layer.
  • a carbon tissue paper having a weight of 20 g. per square metre is coated with a melt made up of 10 parts by weight of a synthetic wax (Gersthofener Wachs KP), 10 parts by weight of parafiine of a melting point of 56-58 C., and 20 parts by weight of castor oil. Further, 6 parts by weight of titanium dioxide were added, while stirring, to the melt as pigment. The reproduction material thus obtained is then placed coated side down on a paper pigmented black throughout which serves as the copy bearer.
  • Example 5 The melt described in Example 5 is coated onto a 100 1. thick cellulose hydrate film.
  • the film is placed coated side on a paper colored black throughout and, after superimposing a master on the uncoated side of the cellulose hydrate film, the assembly is exposed to a short, intensive infra-red radiation.
  • the reproduction material is passed in close contact over the image plane of a focused 1375 watt infra-red radiator at a speed of some metres per minute.
  • the cellulose hydrate film used as the support serves also as the heat-insulating layer and prevents the conduction of heat from the heat-absorbing areas of the master toward the reproduction layer.
  • the infra-red radiation passing through the image-free parts of the master is absorbed by the black paper serving as the copy bearer.
  • the reproduction layer in contact 6 with the black paper melts in the neated areas and on the black paper a white image is formed which is a negative of the master used.
  • the method of reproduction comprising superimpos ing on a heat absorbing layer a reproduction layer which is coated on a support and superimposing on said support a heat ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer, applying a master on said heat ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer and passing heat rays through the master toward said heat absorbing layer for forming a negative image of the master on said heat absorbing layer.
  • the method of reproduction comprising superimposing on a heat absorbing layer a reproduction layer which is coated on a heat ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer, applying a master on said heat ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer and passing heat rays through the master toward said heat absorbing layer for producing a negative image of the master on said heat absorbing layer.
  • the method of reproduction comprising superimposing on a copy bearer a reproduction layer which is coated on a support and superimposing on said support a heat ray absorbing layer coated on a heat ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer, applying a master on said heat ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer and passing heat rays through the master toward said copy bearer for producing a negative image of the master on said copy bearer.
  • the method of reproduction comprising superirnposing on a copy bearer a dark colored reproduction layer which is coated on support and superimposing on said support a heat ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer, applying a master on said heat ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer, and passing heat rays through the master toward said copy bearer for producing a negative image of the master on said copy bearer.
  • the method of reproduction comprising superimposing on a copy bearer a reproduction layer which is coated on a heat ray absorbent layer, the latter in turn being coated on a support, and superimposing on said support a heat ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer, applying a master on said heat ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer, and passing heat rays through the master toward said copy bearer for producing a negative image of the master on said copy bearer.
  • the method of reproduction comprising superimposing on a copy bearer a dark colored reproduction layer which is coated on a heat ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer, applying a master on said heat ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer, and passing heat rays through the master toward said copy bearer for producing a negative image of the master on said copy bearer.
  • the method of reproduction comprising superimposing on a copy bearer a reproduction layer which is coated on a heat ray absorbing layer, the latter in turn being coated on a heat ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer, applying a master on said heat ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer and passing heat through the master toward said copy bearer for producing a negative image of the master on said copy bearer.
  • the method of forming a negative image from a master comprising applying the master on a heat ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer which is in contact with a layer of image forming heat absorbing material, whereby transmitted heat rays passing through the master and the heat ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer will selectively heat the portions of the image forming layer.
  • a process for the preparation of copies from a master by the action of heat comprising providing a reproduction layer in contact with a copy bearer, positioning a heat ray transmittant, heat conduction inhibiting layer adjacent the reproduction layer and on the opposite side of such reproduction layer from the copy bearer, placing a heat absorbing agent closely adjacent the reproduction layer, placing the master adjacent the heat transmittant heat conduction inhibiting layer, and passing heat rays therethrough so that the heat rays are absorbed by heat absorbing agents closely adjacent the reproduction layer corresponding to the non image areas of the master so that a negative image of the master is formed on the copy bearer in contact with the reproduction layer.
  • a process for the preparation of copies from a master by the action of heat comprising providing a reproduction layer in contact with a copy bearer, positioning a heat ray transmittant heat conduction inhibiting layer of a thickness from about to about 300 between the reproduction layer and the master, providing heat absorbing agent in a layer adjacent the reproduction layer, which heat absorbing agent serves to absorb heat in such layers, and passing heat rays through said layers thereby preferentially heating the reproduction layer and forming an image in the negative on said copy bearer.
  • a process for the preparation of negative copies from a master by the action of heat comprising providing a reproduction layer in contact with a copy bearer, providing a heat absorbing layer adjacent to said reproduction layer which will absorb radiant energy to which it is exposed, positioning a heat ray transmittant heat conduction inhibiting layer closely adjacent the heat absorbing layer and the reproduction layer and selecting the thickness of such heat ray transmittant heat conduction inhibiting layer so that radiant energy passing through said layer will selectively heat the portions of the reproduction layer in the non-image areas of the master thereby forming a negative image of the master.
  • a method of making negative masters from a positive original by radiant heat comprising placing a heat ray transmittant master having heat absorbent indicia in contact with one surface of a heat ray transmittant heat conduction inhibiting member, positioning a copy bearer adjacent the other surface of said heat ray transmittant heat conduction inhibiting member, positioning a heat softenable reproduction layer between said heat ray transmittant heat conduction inhibiting member and said copy bearer with the heat softenable reproduction layer in contact with said copy bearer and placing a heat absorbing layer closely adjacent said heat softenable reproduction layer whereby heat rays originating on the side of said positive original away from said copy bearer and away from said heat ray transmittant heat conduction inhibiting member pass through said positive original and said heat ray transmittant heat conduction inhibiting member concentrating heat on said heat absorbing layer causing softening of said heat softenable reproduction layer and adherence of the softened portion of said heat softenable reproduction layer on said copy bearer whereby a negative image of said positive original is produced on said copy bearer material.
  • Reproduction materials for making negative copies from the master comprising a support, a meltable reproduction layer on said support for direct contact with a copy bearer, a heat ray transmittant heat conduction inhibiting layer for positioning between a master to be copied and the reproduction layer and a heat absorbent layer on the side of said heat ray transmittant heat conduction inhibiting layer away from the master.
  • a reproduction material for making negative copies from a master comprising a support, a heat absorbing layer positioned on said support with one surface of said heat absorbing layer mounted on one surface of said support, and a meltable reproduction layer mounted with one surface thereof on the other surface of said heat absorbing layer whereby one surface of a heat ray transmittant heat conduction inhibiting layer may be placed on the other surface of said support, a master placed on the other surface of said heat ray transmittant heat conduction inhibiting layer, and a copy bearer placed on the other surface of said reproduction layer, so that heat rays may be passed through the master toward said copy bearer heating the non-image areas of the heat absorbing layer and thereby heating the meltable reproduction layer in said non-image areas to transfer the reproduction layer in said non-image areas to said copy bearer.
  • a reproduction material for making negative copies from a master comprising a support, said support providing a heat ray transmittant heat conduction inhibiting layer, a heat absorbing layer mounted with one surface on one surface of said support providing a heat ray transmittant heat conduction inhibiting layer, and a meltable reproduction layer mounted with one of its surfaces on the other surface of said heat absorbing layer whereby a master may be placed on the other surface of said support providing a heat ray transmittant heat conduction inhibiting layer and a copy bearer placed on the other surface of said reproduction layer and heat rays passed through said master, through said heat ray transmittant heat conduction inhibiting layer in a direction from said master toward said copy bearer thereby heating the nonimage areas of the heat absorbing layer and the meltable the reproduction layer in said non-image areas to said copy bearer.

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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
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US27431A 1959-05-15 1960-05-06 Method and apparatus for the negative reproduction of masters on a copy bearer utilizing a heat absorbing layer Expired - Lifetime US3120611A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206601A (en) * 1963-05-21 1965-09-14 Keuffel & Esser Co Plastic film thermography
US3347696A (en) * 1961-12-27 1967-10-17 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Thermographic method of imaging a copy sheet
US3389011A (en) * 1961-11-02 1968-06-18 Svensson Karl Gunnar Heat-sensitive transfer sheet for producing a thermographic facsimile copy
US3405265A (en) * 1964-12-04 1968-10-08 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Thermographic copying method and apparatus having means for uniformly pre-heating the copy sheet
US3468254A (en) * 1964-05-28 1969-09-23 Gerhard Ritzerfeld Electrostatically chargeable printing form
US3519511A (en) * 1965-10-13 1970-07-07 Eastman Kodak Co Low-viscosity polyolefins having extended tack
US3715267A (en) * 1969-10-08 1973-02-06 Ricoh Kk Heat-sensitive stencil sheet

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1213738B (de) * 1964-11-27 1966-03-31 Agfa Gevaert Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Schmelzfarbenbildern auf trockenem photographischem Wege
JPS5675894A (en) * 1979-11-26 1981-06-23 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Thermal recording medium

Citations (8)

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US2740896A (en) * 1947-05-10 1956-04-03 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method of using heat sensitive copying paper
US2769391A (en) * 1951-11-14 1956-11-06 Dick Co Ab Method of manufacturing imaged hectograph spirit master
US2808777A (en) * 1952-02-26 1957-10-08 Dick Co Ab Method for manufacturing duplicating masters
USRE24554E (en) * 1951-02-02 1958-10-21 Heat-sensitive copying-paper
US2880110A (en) * 1954-12-02 1959-03-31 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Heat-sensitive copying-paper
US2916622A (en) * 1956-12-28 1959-12-08 Kalvar Corp Methods and apparatus for copying
US2919349A (en) * 1956-04-02 1959-12-29 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Shadow thermoprinting
US2950987A (en) * 1958-10-28 1960-08-30 Du Pont Thermally-sensitive recording elements

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2740896A (en) * 1947-05-10 1956-04-03 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method of using heat sensitive copying paper
USRE24554E (en) * 1951-02-02 1958-10-21 Heat-sensitive copying-paper
US2769391A (en) * 1951-11-14 1956-11-06 Dick Co Ab Method of manufacturing imaged hectograph spirit master
US2808777A (en) * 1952-02-26 1957-10-08 Dick Co Ab Method for manufacturing duplicating masters
US2880110A (en) * 1954-12-02 1959-03-31 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Heat-sensitive copying-paper
US2919349A (en) * 1956-04-02 1959-12-29 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Shadow thermoprinting
US2916622A (en) * 1956-12-28 1959-12-08 Kalvar Corp Methods and apparatus for copying
US2950987A (en) * 1958-10-28 1960-08-30 Du Pont Thermally-sensitive recording elements

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3389011A (en) * 1961-11-02 1968-06-18 Svensson Karl Gunnar Heat-sensitive transfer sheet for producing a thermographic facsimile copy
US3347696A (en) * 1961-12-27 1967-10-17 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Thermographic method of imaging a copy sheet
US3206601A (en) * 1963-05-21 1965-09-14 Keuffel & Esser Co Plastic film thermography
US3468254A (en) * 1964-05-28 1969-09-23 Gerhard Ritzerfeld Electrostatically chargeable printing form
US3405265A (en) * 1964-12-04 1968-10-08 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Thermographic copying method and apparatus having means for uniformly pre-heating the copy sheet
US3519511A (en) * 1965-10-13 1970-07-07 Eastman Kodak Co Low-viscosity polyolefins having extended tack
US3715267A (en) * 1969-10-08 1973-02-06 Ricoh Kk Heat-sensitive stencil sheet

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GB944871A (en) 1963-12-18
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