US3120458A - Process for the enameling of articles made of iron with vitreous enamels - Google Patents

Process for the enameling of articles made of iron with vitreous enamels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3120458A
US3120458A US133310A US13331061A US3120458A US 3120458 A US3120458 A US 3120458A US 133310 A US133310 A US 133310A US 13331061 A US13331061 A US 13331061A US 3120458 A US3120458 A US 3120458A
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United States
Prior art keywords
articles
approximately
iron
enameling
minutes
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Expired - Lifetime
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US133310A
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English (en)
Inventor
Evelbauer Karl
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Dr Rickmann & Rappe Firma
Rickmann & Rappe Fa Dr
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Rickmann & Rappe Fa Dr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
    • C23C22/50—Treatment of iron or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
    • C23D3/00—Chemical treatment of the metal surfaces prior to coating

Definitions

  • HYDROCHLORIC ACID 50% BY VOLUME NITRIC ACID 2 BY VOLUME CHROMIC ACID 0.2% BY VOLUME WATER BALANCE I RINSE, COLD WATER PICKLING BATH TO FORM THE BLACK LAYER 0,3 I5 MIN.
  • the invention relates to a process for the enameling of articles made of iron with vitreous enamels, and, more particularly, to the preparation of said iron articles for the application of such enamels and to a process whereby a covering coat of said vitreous enamel can be applied without using a prime coat.
  • the drawing is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of the invention.
  • the iron goods such as kitchen utensils, etc.
  • the iron goods are provided with a prime glaze, onto which one or more cover glazes are laid.
  • the prime glaze frequently is omitted, and a covering glaze is applied directly to the surface of the iron vessel, it being feasible to lay on a number of further covering glazes, if desired.
  • the instant invention is based on the surprising discovery that a black layer formation on pickled iron goods, contrary to previous contentions, not only is not detrimental to the glazing of these articles, but actually has a favorable influence upon the enameling process, such as a smooth glazing and an adhesion of the enamel to the iron which is considerably stronger than normally attained. Especially, it has been established that iron articles having the black layer on their surface can be coated immediately with a covering enamel without first applying a primer or base enamel.
  • the process for the enameling of iron goods according to the invention consists in forming the black layer on the degreased iron surfaces, said black layer covering these surfaces.
  • the black layer then is fixed on the iron surfaces by immersion in a nickel plating bath, whereafter the iron goods are passivated and subsequently enameled in the conventional manner.
  • a single etching or picking sufiices to produce the black layers is of distinct advantage to etch the iron articles in a first step with a known etching agent in aqueous solution, such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or chromic acid, to rinse them thereafter in water, and subsequently to pickle them as a second step, in order to produce the black layer, in an oxidizing pickling bath, such as an aqueous solution of nitric acid and copper sulfate.
  • aqueous solution such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or chromic acid
  • a fixing step for instance in a nickel plating bath, is to be added, followed by passivation.
  • a nickel plating bath opportunely an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid, nickel sulfate, and borax is used, whereas the passivation can be carried out, in a manner known per se, in an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and borax, to which advantageously phosphates may be added. It is preferred to passivate the goods treated without rinsing after the fixing step, whereas a rinsing with water is hardly avoidable subsequent to the pickling steps.
  • the first etching step and the pickling step wherein the black layer is produced advantageously are carried out cold, i.e. at room temperature.
  • the fixing step opportunely is effected at approximately 5080 C., whereas it is recommended to passivate in a boiling bath.
  • the first etching step depending upon the bath concentration, advantageously is carried out within approximately 5-30 minutes, the second pickling step, also in dependence on the bath concentration, within approximately 0.3 to 15 minutes, and the fixing step within 0.5 to 3 minutes.
  • the process according to the invention is designed primarily for a single-layer enameling of alloyed or unalloyed sheet iron, especially for the application of white glazes, it goes without saying that it is applicable to any and all other kinds of enameling of iron goods.
  • This sheet iron was degreased in the customary manner in an alkaline solution which may contain detergents and emulsifiers, as commercially available for degreasing of metal articles, It was then rinsed with cold water.
  • alkaline solution which may contain detergents and emulsifiers, as commercially available for degreasing of metal articles, It was then rinsed with cold water.
  • the etching bath had the following composition:
  • the sheet iron thus provided with a fixed continuous black surface layer was then coated with a White covering enamel in the conventional manner, and then was fired, also conventionally.
  • a process for the enameling of degreased iron articles with vitreous enamel comprising producing a pickling residue in the form of a continuous black layer on the surfaces of said articles by pickling in an oxidizing solution substantially at room temperature for approximately 0.3 to minutes, fixing said black layer in a nickel plating bath at temperatures of approximately 50-80 C. for approximately 0.5 to 3 minutes, passivating them in a boiling, weakly alkaline, solution for approximately 0.5 to 10 minutes, and enameling the articles thus treated.
  • a process for the enameling of degreased iron articles with a single covering vitreous enamel glaze which comprises producing a pickling residue in the form of a continuous black layer on the surface of said articles by pickling in an oxidizing solution substantially at room temperature for approximately 0.3 to 15 minutes, lfixing said black layer in a nickel plating bath at approximately 50- 80 C. for approximately 0.5 to 3 minutes, passivating the same in a boiling, Weakly-alkaline, solution for approximately 0.5 to 10 minutes, applying a covering vitreous enamel ⁇ glaze to the articles thus treated, and firing said glaze.
  • a process for the enameling of degreased iron articles with a single covering vitreous enamel glaze which comprises etching said articles in an acid bath substantially at room temperature for approximately 5 to 30 minutes, rinsing them with water, pickling them in an oxidizing solution substantially at room temperature for approximately 0.3 to 15 minutes, thus forming a pickling residue in the form of a continuous black layer on the surfaces of said articles, rinsing said articles with water, fixing said black layer in a nickel plating bath for approximately 0.5 to 3 minutes at approximately 50-80 C., passivating said articles in a weakly-alkaline boiling bath for approximately 0.5 to 10 minutes, applying a covering vitreous enamel glaze to said articles thus treated, and firing said glaze.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
US133310A 1960-10-15 1961-08-23 Process for the enameling of articles made of iron with vitreous enamels Expired - Lifetime US3120458A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEK41889A DE1135264B (de) 1960-10-15 1960-10-15 Verfahren zum Emaillieren von Eisengegenstaenden
DE19611796295 DE1796295B1 (de) 1960-10-15 1961-07-22 Verfahren zum einschichtemaillieren von eisengegenstaenden

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3120458A true US3120458A (en) 1964-02-04

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ID=25756144

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US133310A Expired - Lifetime US3120458A (en) 1960-10-15 1961-08-23 Process for the enameling of articles made of iron with vitreous enamels

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3120458A (xx)
CH (1) CH378124A (xx)
DE (2) DE1135264B (xx)
GB (1) GB963547A (xx)
NL (2) NL269606A (xx)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3345225A (en) * 1963-09-02 1967-10-03 Philips Corp Method of chemically polishing copper and copper alloys
US3530017A (en) * 1967-05-08 1970-09-22 Diversey Corp Process for surface treatment of metal expansion alloys
US4567067A (en) * 1985-04-24 1986-01-28 Design & Manufacturing Corporation Method of surface treatment of aluminum killed steel in preparation for porcelain coating
US20130149526A1 (en) * 2010-08-31 2013-06-13 Jfe Steel Corporation Method of producing cold-rolled steel sheet as well as cold-rolled steel sheet and members for automobile

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1779273A (en) * 1928-04-26 1930-10-21 Hommel Oscar Art of making enamel ware
US2772183A (en) * 1953-09-24 1956-11-27 Gen Am Transport Chemical nickel plating processes
US2817610A (en) * 1955-05-26 1957-12-24 Isaac L Newell Method for the production of black oxide coatings on steel and iron and composition therefor
US2961337A (en) * 1958-10-08 1960-11-22 Ferro Corp Method of metal preparation for porcelain enameling

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1779273A (en) * 1928-04-26 1930-10-21 Hommel Oscar Art of making enamel ware
US2772183A (en) * 1953-09-24 1956-11-27 Gen Am Transport Chemical nickel plating processes
US2817610A (en) * 1955-05-26 1957-12-24 Isaac L Newell Method for the production of black oxide coatings on steel and iron and composition therefor
US2961337A (en) * 1958-10-08 1960-11-22 Ferro Corp Method of metal preparation for porcelain enameling

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3345225A (en) * 1963-09-02 1967-10-03 Philips Corp Method of chemically polishing copper and copper alloys
US3530017A (en) * 1967-05-08 1970-09-22 Diversey Corp Process for surface treatment of metal expansion alloys
US4567067A (en) * 1985-04-24 1986-01-28 Design & Manufacturing Corporation Method of surface treatment of aluminum killed steel in preparation for porcelain coating
US20130149526A1 (en) * 2010-08-31 2013-06-13 Jfe Steel Corporation Method of producing cold-rolled steel sheet as well as cold-rolled steel sheet and members for automobile

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1796295B1 (de) 1971-09-16
NL122247C (xx) 1966-12-15
CH378124A (de) 1964-05-31
GB963547A (en) 1964-07-08
NL269606A (xx)
DE1135264B (de) 1962-08-23

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