US3117607A

US3117607A - Diaper carrying bag

Info

Publication number: US3117607A
Application number: US272180A
Authority: US
Inventors: Siegel Harry
Original assignee: WARREN FEATHERBONE CO
Current assignee: WARREN FEATHERBONE CO
Priority date: 1963-04-02
Filing date: 1963-04-02
Publication date: 1964-01-14
Anticipated expiration: 1981-01-14

Description

H. SIEGEL DIAPER CARRYING BAG 7 Jan; 14, 1964 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed April 2, 1965 INVENTOR. HARRY sl EGEL ATTUIP/Vf? 1964 H. SIEGEL 3,117,607

DIAPER CARRYING BAG Filed April 2, 1963 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. HARRY SIEGEL Jan. 14, 1964 H. SIEGEL DIAPE R CARRYING BAG 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed April 2, 1963 H WT a ,wil. m

m 1 95W .11 .w L. Milk. 2

I M a 5 b 7 1 O O 0 8 4MC 5 4& Mr 6 United States Patent 3,117,607 DIAPER CARRYING BAG Harry Siege], New York, N.Y., assignor to The Warren Featherbone Co., Gainesville, Ga., a firm Filed Apr. 2, 1963, Ser. No. 272,180 Claims. (Cl. 150-34) This invention concerns an improved bag or purse for carrying diapers and other articles.

The invention is embodied in a bag which is constructed With padded, insulated walls having Waterproof plastic sides for carrying wet or dry diapers and other articles such as jars, bottles, cans and cartons of baby powder, infants food, baby oil and other supplies and accessories required for infant care.

One outer wall of the bag is provided with a flap having converging edges each closed by an individual slide fastener. This flap closes a compartment lined with plastic material and having transparent plastic pockets for small or fiat articles in wet or dry condition. Other portions of the bag have compartments which are larger than the transparent pockets for storing larger articles. All compartments have quick opening closures and are lined with waterproof material. All walls of the bag can be easily cleaned with a cloth. All closures open wide to make the interiors of the compartments fully and freely accessible. The walls of the interior of the compartments are lined with Fiberglas material for retaining the temperatures of warm or cold containers of milk, food, juices and the like.

it is therefore one object of the invention to provide a carrying bag having multiple compartments all lined with waterproof plastic material.

Another object is to provide an insulated bag of the character described wherein one side of the bag'has a first flap with two slide fasteners serving as lateral closures, and with another flap serving as a top closure, the first flap having a sheet plastic lining and transparent pocket.

Still another object is to provide a bag as described wherein a compartment is provided in the one side of the bag closed by the first flap, with an interior wall of the compartment having further transparent pockets.

For further comprehension of the invention, and of the objects and advantages thereof, reference will be had to the following description and accompanying drawings, and to the appended claims in which the various novel features of the invention are more particularly set forth.

In the accompanying drawings forming a material part of this disclosure:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a bag embodying the invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view similar to a part of FIG. 1, with a side flap shown in open condition.

FIG. 3 is a crosssectional view on an enlarged scale taken on line 33 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is an end elevational view of the bag, with side flap shown open.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the bag with side flap partially open.

Referring to the drawings, there-is shown the bag It) including two generally rectangular side walls 12*, 12 and a bottom wall 14. Two narrow end walls 16 are joined at their edges short of the upper edges of walls 12 12 The walls are joined together by stitching 17 at their seams 18 internally of the bag. Plastic piping 19 is applied at the seams to reinforce the seams.

Rings 22 attached to eyelets 23 in two center gusset portions 21 in the end walls engage ends of an expansible strap 24. The strap has rings or loops 25 engaging its various courses so that the strap can be lengthened and slung over the shoulder or shortened and carried by hand.

ice

In side wall 12 is formed a tapered trapezoidal opening 30 which is wider at the bottom of the wall than at the top. This opening is closed by a tapered trapezoidal flap 32 having slide fastener portions 33 33 of slide fasteners S1, S2 at its covering edges which engage mating slide fastener portions 34*, 34 on lateral edges of the opening 30. A second shorter and narrower, generally rectangular flap 36 is secured near the top edge of wall 12 This flap has a rectangular eye 38 which is engageable by a rotatable bar 39 of a catch 40 secured to the free narrower edge of flap 32. Flap 32 is part of wall 12 The outer walls of the bag are all made of thin, tough, waterproof sheet material made of vinyl, polyethylene or the like. These walls are preferably opaque.

The inner side of flap 32 is lined with an opaque sheet plastic liner 44. A transparent plastic band is secured to the narrower end of the liner 44. This band is generally trapezoidal in form. It defines a pocket P1 with liner 44. The pocket is open at its wider end. This open end of the pocket is located below the upper, narrower closed end of the pocket when the flap is closed by the slide fasteners S1, S2, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. Band 45 has a binding tape reinforcement 47.

The flap 32 serves as a closure for a large compartment C1 which is closed at its upper end by flap 36. On inner wall 48 of compartment C1 is a pair of rectangular transparent sheet plastic members 51%, defining four pockets P2P5. These pockets are open at their upper ends while pocket P1 is inverted when the flap 32 is closed.

All the pockets Pl-PS have waterproof transparent sides so that their contents are readily visible when the

flaps

32, 36 are open.

FIG. 5 shows how flap 32 can be partially opened by opening either slide fastener such as fastener S1. The slider SL1 will be located at the bottom end of the fastener. Slider SL2 of the other fastener S2 will be at the top end of the fastener. When the flap 32 is partially opened access is had to pockets P2, P3 and P5, While pocket P1 remains closed against Wall 56 of pocket P4. Thus, if pocket P1 contains a wet diaper or the like, the diaper will not fall out of the pocket.

The iriner side of wall 48 is lined with a Fiberglas pad or liner 60. .The liner is covered with a waterproof sheet plastic layer 62 which serves as a side wall for inner large compartment C of the bag.

Side wall 12 of the bag is lined on its inner side with another Fiberglas pad or liner 61 and this is covered with a waterproof sheet plastic layer 63 defining another insulated wall 55 Thus, compartment C has insulated side walls 55 55 which can retain the temperature of containers of food or the like.

Inside of compartment C is another insulated compartment C. This compartment has insulated side panels or walls 64*, 64 formed by Fiberglas pads 65*, 65 covered on inner and outer sides with waterproof sheet plastic 66 66 The upper end of the compartment C is closed by a slide fastener 67. The compartment C is thus doubly insulated by side walls 64 64 and side walls 55 55 of compartment C. Thus, the temperature of the interior of compartment C will remain very stable. A container of hot or cold milk or other liquid placed in this compartment will retain its temperature for many hours.

Depending flaps 70 70 are provided at the upper edges of walls 55*, 55 and serve as partial closures for the compartment C at opposite sides of walls 64, 64*.

On the outer side of wall 12 is a sheet plastic pocket which is open at its upper end and is closed by a flap 76. This flap has an eyelet 78 which receives closure bar 79 of a catch 80 mounted near the upper edge of the pocket 75.

A narrow flap 82 is secured to the upper edge of wall 12 and extends over compartment C to serve as another partial closure. At the free end of flap 82 is a snap fastener member 83 which engages a mating fastener member 84- on wall 12 above flap 76.

A stiffener strip 85 can be provided inside the bag to overlay bottom wall 14 and a waterproof sheet plastic liner 86 can be secured over this strip.

It will be apparent that the bag aptly serves for carrying numerous articles used for baby care. All walls, and sheet plastic linings are waterproof. They will not absorb moisture and can be cleaned easily with a damp cloth. The bag is light in weight, and easily carried in the hand or slung over the shoulder.

The bag can be made from relatively inexpensive plastic and Fiberglas materials. It is attractive in appearance. It is durable, sturdy in construction, sanitary, convenient and practical.

While I have illustrated and described the preferred embodiment of my invention, it is to be understood that I do not limit myself to the precise construction herein disclosed and that various changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A bag for carrying diapers and other articles for baby care, comprising flexible side, bottom and end walls joined together at edges thereof to define a container with an open top, said walls being formed of waterproof sheet plastic material, one of said side walls having a trapezoidal opening formed therein with a trapezoidal fiap integral with said one side wall for closing said opening, individual slide fasteners at opposite converging edges of said flap and adjacent converging edges of said opening for closing said opening, said flap and opening having adjacent narrower unattached edges near the top of the container, a second flap on said one side wall for closing the opening at said unattached edges, a first waterproof plastic sheet liner on the inner side of said trapezoidal flap, a first transparent plastic hand at the narrower end of said trapezoidal flap on the inner side thereof defining a trapezoidal first pocket with said first band, a second Waterproof inner sheet plastic wall adjacent to said one side wall and first flap, and transparent sheet plastic members on said second sheet plastic wall defining a plurality of rectangular pockets with open tops and abutting said trapezoidal pocket when said first flap is closed, said first pocket being disposed in inverted position with open wide end lowermost when said first flap is closed and secured by the slide fasteners.

2. A bag for carrying diapers and other articles for baby care, comprising flexible side, bottom and end walls joined together at edges thereof to define a container with an open top, said walls being formed of Waterproof sheet plastic material, one of said, side walls having a trapezoidal opening formed therein with a trapezoidal flap integral with said one side wall for closing said opening, individual slide fasteners at opposite converging edges of said flap and adjacent converging edges of said opening for closing said opening, said flap and opening having adjacent narrower unattached edges near the top of the container, 21 second flap on said one side wall for closing the opening at said unattached edges, a first waterproof plastic sheet liner on the inner side of said trapezoidal flap, a first transparent plastic band at the narrower end of said trapezoidal flap on the inner side thereof defining a trapezoidal first pocket with said first band, a second Waterproof inner sheet plastic wall adjacent to said one side wall and first flap, and transparent sheet plastic members on said second sheet plastic wall defining a plurality of rectangular pockets with open tops and abutting said trapezoidal pocket when said first flap is closed, said first pocket being disposed in inverted position with open wide end lowermost when said first flap is closed and secured by he i e fasteners, said side, bottom and end walls defin- 4 ing a large compartment therebetween inside said container, said compartment having opposite sides lined with thermal insulation material and covered with waterproof plastic sheet material.

3. A bag for carrying diapers and other articles for baby care, comprising flexible side, bottom and end walls joined together at edges thereof to define a container with an open top, said walls being formed of waterproof sheet plastic material, one of said side walls having a trapezoidal opening formed therein with a trapezoidal flap integral with said one side wall for closing said opening, individual slide fasteners at opposite converging edges of said flap and adjacent converging edges of said opening for closing said opening, said flap and opening having adjacent narrower unattached edges near the top of the container, a second flap on said one side Wall for closing the opening at said unattached edges, a first waterproof plastic sheet liner on the inner side of said trapezoidal flap, a first transparent plastic band at the narrower end of said trapezoidal flap on the inner side thereof defining a trapezoidal first pocket with said first band, a second waterproof inner sheet plastic wall adjacent to said one side wall and first flap, transparent sheet plastic members on said second sheet plastic wall defining a plurality of rectangular pockets with open tops and abutting said trapezoidal pocket when said first flap is closed, said first pocket being disposed in inverted position with open wide end lowermost when said first flap is closed and secured by the slide fasteners, said side, bottom and end walls defining a large compartment therebetween inside said container, said compartment having opposite sides lined with thermal insulation material and covered with waterproof plastic sheet material, and a pair of rectangular panels formed of thermal insulation material covered on both sides thereof with waterproof plastic material, said pair of panels being secured together at their edges and defining another compartment within said large compartment for storing articles under stable temperature conditions, said other compartment having a slide fastener closure.

4. A bag for carrying diapers and other articles for baby care, comprising flexible side, bottom and end walls joined together at edges thereof to define a container with an open top, said walls being formed of waterproof sheet plastic material, one of said side walls having a trapezoidal opening formed therein with a trapezoidal flap integral with said one side Wall for closing said open ing, individual slide fasteners at opposite converging edges of said flap and adjacent converging edges of said opening for closing said opening, said flap and opening having adjacent narrower unattached edges near the top of the container, a second flap on said one side wall for closing the opening at said unattached edges, a first waterproof plastic sheet liner on the inner side of said trapezoidal flap, a first transparent plastic band at the narrower end of said trapezoidal flap on the inner side thereof defining a trapezoidal first pocket with said first band, a second waterproof inner sheet plastic wall adjacent to said one side wall and first fiap, transparent sheet plastic members on said second sheet plastic wall defining a plurality of rectangular pockets with open tops and abutting said trapezoidal pocket when said first flap is closed, said first pocket being disposed in inverted position with open wide end lowermost when said first flap is closed and secured by the slide fasteners, said side, bottom and end walls defining a large compartment therebetween inside said container, said compartment having opposite sides lined with thermal insulation material and covered with waterproof plastic sheet material, a pair of rectangular panels formed of thermal insulation material covered on both sides thereof with waterproof plastic material, said pair of panels being secured together at their edges and defining another compartment within said large compartment for storing articles under stable temperature conditions, said other compartment having a slide fastener closure, another flap on the other side wall of the container defining an external pocket with open top, and a further flap on said other side wall for closing said external pocket.

5. A bag for carrying diapers and other articles for baby care, comprising flexible side, bottom and end walls joined together at edges thereof to define a container with an open top, said walls being formed of waterproof sheet plastic material, one of said side walls having a trapezoidal opening formed therein with a trapezoidal flap integral with said one side wall for closing said opening, individual slide fasteners at opposite converging edges of said fiap and adjacent converging edges of said opening for closing said opening, said flap and opening having adjacent narrower unattached edges near the top of the container, a second flap on said one side wall for closing the opening of said unattached edges, a first waterproof plastic sheet liner on the inner side of said trapezoidal flap, a first transparent plastic band at the narrower end of said trapezoidal flap on the inner side thereof defining a trapezoidal first pocket with said first band, a second waterproof inner sheet plastic wall adjacent to said one side wall and first fiap, transparent sheet plastic members on said second sheet plastic wall defining a plurality of rectangular pockets with open tops and abutting said trapezoidal pocket when said first flap is closed, said first pocket being disposed in inverted position with open wide end lowermost when said first fiap is closed and secured by the slide fasteners, and a pair of rectangular panels formed of thermal insulation material covered on both sides thereof with waterproof plastic material, said pair of panels being secured together at their edges and defining another compartment within said large compartment for storing articles under stable temperature conditions, said other compartment having a slide fastener closure.

6. A bag for carrying diapers and other articles for baby care, comprising flexible side, bottom and end walls joined together at edges thereof to define a container with an open top, said walls being formed of waterproof sheet plastic material, one of said side walls having a trapezoidal opening formed therein with a trapezoidal fiap integral with said one side wall for closing said opening, individual slide fasteners at opposite converging edges of said flap and adjacent converging edges of said opening for closing said opening, said flap and opening having adjacent narrower unattached edges near the top of the container, a second flap on said one side wall for closing the opening at said unattached edges, a first waterproof plastic sheet liner on the inner side of said trapezoidal flap, a first transparent plastic band at the narrower end of said trapezoidal fiap on the inner side thereof defining a trapezoidal first pocket with said first band, a second waterproof inner sheet plastic wall adjacent to said one side wall and first flap, transparent sheet plastic members on said second sheet plastic wall defining a plurality of rectangular pockets with open tops and abutting said trapezoidal pocket when said first fiap is closed, said first pocket being disposed in inverted position with open wide end lowermost when said first flap is closed and secured by the slide fasteners, and an expansible folded strap adjustable by loops engaged in its folds and secured to the end walls of the container for carrying the bag over a shoulder when the strap is expanded, and for carrying the bag in hand when the strap is shortened.

7. A bag for carrying diapers and other articles for baby care, comprising flexible side, bottom and end walls joined together at edges thereof to define a container with an open top, said walls being formed of waterproof sheet plastic material, one of said side walls having a trapezoidal opening formed therein with a trapezoidal flap integral with said one side wall for closing said opening, individual slide fasteners at opposite converging edges of said flap and adjacent converging edges of said opening for closing said opening, said flap and opening having adjacent narrower unattached edges near the top of the container, a second flap on said one side wall for closing the opening at said unattached edges, a first waterproof plastic sheet liner on the inner side of said trapezoidal flap, a first transparent plastic band at the narrower end of said trapezoidal flap on the inner side thereof defining a trapezoidal first pocket with said first band, a second waterproof inner sheet plastic wall adjacent to said one side wall and first flap, transparent sheet plastic members on said second sheet plastic wall defining a plurality of rectangular pockets with open tops and abutting said trapezoidal pocket when said first flap is closed, said first pocket being disposed in inverted position with open wide end lowermost when said first flap is closed and secured by the slide fasteners, said side, bottom and end walls defining a large compartment therebetween inside said container, said compartment having opposite sides lined with thermal insulation material and covered. with waterproof plastic sheet material, and further flaps extending inwardly of said large compartment from upper edges of the side walls to serve as partial closures for said large compartment.

8. A bag for carrying diapers and other articles for baby care, comprising flexible side, bottom and end walls joined together at edges thereof to define a container with an open top, said Walls being formed of wa terproof sheet plastic material, one of said side walls having a trapezoidal opening formed therein with a trapezoidal flap integral with said one side wall for closing said opening, individual slide fasteners at opposite converging edges of said flap and adjacent converging edges of said opening for closing said opening, said flap and opening having adjacent narrower unattached edges near the top of the container, a second flap on said one side wall for closing the opening at said unattached edges, a first waterproof plastic sheet liner on the inner side of said trapezoidal flap, a first transparent plastic band at the narrower end of said trapezoidal flap on the inner side thereof defining a trapezoidal first pocket with said first band, a second waterproof inner sheet plastic wall adjacent to said one side wall and first flap, transparent sheet plastic members on said second sheet plastic wall defining a plurality of rectangular pockets with open tops and abutting said trapezoidal pocket when said first flap is closed, said first pocket being disposed in inverted position with open wide end lowermost when said first flap is closed and secured by the slide fasteners, said side, bottom and end walls defining a large compartment therebetween inside said container, said compartment having opposite sides lined with thermal insulation material and covered with waterproof plastic sheet materiai, a pair of rectangular panels formed of thermal insulation material covered on both sides thereof with waterproof plastic material, said pair of panels being secured together at their edges and defining another compartment within said large compartment for storing articles under stable temperature conditions, said other compartment having a slide fastener closure, further flaps extending inwardly of said large compartment from upper edges of the side walls to serve as partial closures for said large compartment, and a narrow band extending over said large compartment from the upper end of one side wall to the other for further closing said large compartment.

9. A bag for carrying diapers and other articles for baby care, comprising flexible side, bottom and end walls joined together at edges thereof to define a container with an open top, said walls being formed of waterproof sheet plastic material, one of said side walls having a trapezoidal opening formed therein with a trapezoidal flap integral with said one side wall for closing said opening, individual slide fasteners at opposite converging edges of said flap and adjacent converging edges of said opening for closing said opening, said flap and opening having adjacent narrower unattached edges near the top of the container, a second fiap on said one side wall for closing the opening at said unattached edges, a first waterproof plastic sheet liner on the inner side of said trapezoidal flap, a first transparent plastic band at the narrower end of said trapezoidal flap on the inner side thereof defining a trapezoidal first pocket with said first band, a second waterproof inner sheet plastic wall adjacent to said one side wall and first flap, transparent sheet plastic members on said second sheet plastic wall defining a plurality of rectangular pockets with open tops and abutting said trapezoidal pocket when said first fiap is closed, said first pocket being disposed in inverted position with open wide end lowermost when said first flap is closed and secured by the slide fasteners, said side, bottom and end walls defining a large compartment therebetween inside said container, said compartment having opposite sides lined with thermal insulation material and covered with Waterproof plastic sheet material, a pair of rectangular panels formed of thermal insulation material covered on both sides thereof with waterproof plastic material, said pair of panels being secured together at their edges and defining another compartment within said large compartment for storing articles under stable temperature conditions, said other compartment having a slide fastener closure, further flaps extending inwardly of said large compartment from upper edges of the side walls to serve as partial closures for said large compartment, a narrow band extending over said large compartment from the upper end of one side wall to the other for further closing said large compartment, still another flap on the other side wall of the container defining an external pocket with open top, and a still further flap on said other side wall for closing said external pocket.

10. A bag for carrying diapers and other articles for baby care, comprising flexible side, bottom and end Walls joined together at edges thereof to define a container with an open top, said walls being formed of waterproof sheet plastic material, one of said side walls haying a trapezoidal opening formed therein with a trapezoidal flap integral with said one side wall for closing said opening, individual slide fasteners at opposite converging edges of said flap and adjacent converging edges of said opening for closing said opening, said flap and opening having adjacent narrower unattached edges near the top of the container, a second fiap on said one side wall for closing the opening at said unattached edges, a first waterproof plastic sheet liner on the inner side of said trapezoidal flap, a first transparent plastic band at the narrower end of said trapezoidal flap on the inner side thereof defining a trapezoidal first pocket with said first band, a second waterproof inner sheet plastic wall adjacent to said one side wall and first flap, transparent sheet plastic members on said second sheet plastic wall defining a plurality of rectangular pockets with open tops and abutting said trapezoidal pocket when said first flap is closed, said first pocket being disposed in inverted position with open wide end lowermost when said first flap is closed and secured by the slide fasteners, said side, bottom and end walls defining a large compartment therebetween inside said container, said compartment having opposite sides lined with thermal insulation material and covered with waterproof plastic sheet material, a pair of rectangular panels formed of thermal insulation material covered on both sides thereof with waterproof plastic material, said pair of panels being secured together at their edges and defining another compartment within said large compartment for storing articles under stable temperature conditions, said other compartment having a slide fastener closure, further flaps extending inwardly of said large compartment from upper edges of the side walls to serve as 7 partial closures for said large compartment, a narrow band extending over said large compartment from the upper end of one side wall to the other for further closing said large compartment, still another flap on the other side wall of the container defining an external pocket with open top, a still further flap on said other side wall for closing said external pocket, and an expansible folded strap adjustable by loops engaged in its folds and secured to the end walls of the container for carrying the bag over a shoulder when the strap is expanded, and for carrying the bag in hand when the strap is shortened.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,464,176 Freund Aug. 7, 1923 2,413,465 Ohlsen Dec. 31, 1946 2,661,785 Daust Dec. 8, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS 621,881 Great Britain Apr. 21, 1949

Claims

1. A BAG FOR CARRYING DIAPERS AND OTHER ARTICLES FOR BABY CARE, COMPRISING FLEXIBLE SIDE, BOTTOM AND END WALLS JOINED TOGETHER AT EDGES THEREOF TO DEFINE A CONTAINER WITH AN OPEN TOP, SAID WALLS BEING FORMED OF WATERPROOF SHEET PLASTIC MATERIAL, ONE OF SAID SIDE WALLS HAVING A TRAPEZOIDAL OPENING FORMED THEREIN WITH A TRAPEZOIDAL FLAP INTEGRAL WITH SAID ONE SIDE WALL FOR CLOSING SAID OPENING, INDIVIDUAL SLIDE FASTENERS AT OPPOSITE CONVERGING EDGES OF SAID FLAP AND ADJACENT CONVERGING EDGES OF SAID OPENING FOR CLOSING SAID OPENING, SAID FLAP AND OPENING HAVING ADJACENT NARROWER UNATTACHED EDGES NEAR THE TOP OF THE CONTAINER, A SECOND FLAP ON SAID ONE SIDE WALL FOR CLOSING THE OPENING AT SAID UNATTACHED EDGES, A FIRST WATERPROOF PLASTIC SHEET LINER ON THE INNER SIDE OF SAID TRAPEZOIDAL FLAP, A FIRST TRANSPARENT PLASTIC BAND AT THE NARROWER END OF SAID TRAPEZOIDAL FLAP ON THE INNER SIDE THEREOF DEFINING A TRAPEZOIDAL FIRST POCKET WITH SAID FIRST BAND, A SECOND WATERPROOF INNER SHEET PLASTIC WALL ADJACENT TO SAID ONE SIDE WALL AND FIRST FLAP, AND TRANSPARENT SHEET PLASTIC MEMBERS ON SAID SECOND SHEET PLASTIC WALL DEFINING A PLURALITY OF RECTANGULAR POCKETS WITH OPEN TOPS AND ABUTTING SAID TRAPEZOIDAL POCKET WHEN SAID FIRST FLAP IS CLOSED, SAID FIRST POCKET BEING DISPOSED IN INVERTED POSITION WITH OPEN WIDE END LOWERMOST WHEN SAID FIRST FLAP IS CLOSED AND SECURED BY THE SLIDE FASTENERS.