US3113054A - Quenching oil and method of quenching metals - Google Patents
Quenching oil and method of quenching metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3113054A US3113054A US96394A US9639461A US3113054A US 3113054 A US3113054 A US 3113054A US 96394 A US96394 A US 96394A US 9639461 A US9639461 A US 9639461A US 3113054 A US3113054 A US 3113054A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- quenching
- lubricating oil
- aluminium
- hardness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ODIGIKRIUKFKHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (n-propan-2-yloxycarbonylanilino) acetate Chemical group CC(C)OC(=O)N(OC(C)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODIGIKRIUKFKHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 ACYLATE COMPOUND Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001399 aluminium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940077746 antacid containing aluminium compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005725 8-Hydroxyquinoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- XWTXZJITNNRDLC-UHFFFAOYSA-K bis[(2-hydroxyacetyl)oxy]alumanyl 2-hydroxyacetate Chemical class [Al+3].OCC([O-])=O.OCC([O-])=O.OCC([O-])=O XWTXZJITNNRDLC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- PYLLWONICXJARP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Mn] PYLLWONICXJARP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002889 oleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960003540 oxyquinoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZQSQRCNMZGWFT-QXMHVHEDSA-N propan-2-yl (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C PZQSQRCNMZGWFT-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004417 unsaturated alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
- C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/58—Oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
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- C10M2207/141—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings monocarboxylic
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- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/142—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings polycarboxylic
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- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/144—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
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- C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
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- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
- C10M2215/226—Morpholines
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
- C10M2215/30—Heterocyclic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
Definitions
- the hardness of an alloy is mainly dependent upon the formation of a certain physical structure; in the case of steel, the hardness is determined by the proportion of martensite formed during the hardening process.
- Rapid cooling of the alloy is usually effected by immersing the hot alloy in a relatively cool quenching liquid.
- a commonly used quenching liquid is mineral oil but for certain alloys, e.g. high-carbon, low-alloy steels straight mineral oils do not form satisfactory quenchants since the initial rate of cooling is too slow.
- a faster initial cooling rate can be obtained by using Water as the quenching medium but this is unsatisfactory for large sections since it cools the metal too quickly at the lower temperatures and often results in distortion and cracking.
- a quenching oil consisting of a lubricating oil base containing dissolved therein a small amount of an oil-soluble aluminium compound.
- oil-soluble is used in the sense that the compound must be capable of remaining in stable suspension in the oil and not separate out of storage. Thus the compound may be present in the oil in the form of a colloidal suspension.
- the lubricating oil is preferably a refined mineral lubbricating oil obtained from the distillation of crude petroleum particularly one having a hash point above 350 F. and a Redwood I viscosity at 140 P. not greater than 100 seconds.
- the viscosity of the quenching oil should also preferably not exceed 100 seconds, e.g. 3075 seconds, Redwood I at 140 F. If the aluminium compound has a tendency to thicken the lubricating oil, this may be counteracted by the use of an anti-gelling agent eg 8- hydroxyquinoline.
- the amount of the oil-soluble aluminium compound dissolved in the lubricating oil base is preferably not greater than 10%, e.g. 0.5%, by Weight of the final composition.
- a preferred class of aluminium compounds are the polyoxo-aluminium acyla-tes. These compounds may be prepared by heating aluminium alcoholates with water and carboxylic acids in one or more stages and preferably in an inert, non-volatile diluent such as a light lubricating oil. This method of preparation is described in UK. patent specification 825,878. Another method of preparation is to heat aluminium alooholates with carboxylic acids alone so as to liberate alcohol and form acyloxy aluminium alcoholate compounds, and further heat the latter compounds. This method of preparation is described in UK. patent specification 806,113. Examples of such polyoxo-aluminium acylates are those having the average general formula (OAlX) where n is an integer greater than 1, preferably 210, and X is an acylate group,
- OAlX average general formula
- acylate groups are derived from benzoic or salicyclic acids, or aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 12-20 carbon atoms, e.g. stearic or oleic acids. It is to be understood that the acylate groups in any given molecule of the additive may be the same or different and that the additive may consist of a mixture of different molecules.
- aluminium glycolates Another suit-able class of oil soluble aluminium compounds are the aluminium glycolates.
- the invention also consists in a quenching oil consisting essentially of a lubricating oil having a flash point above 350 F. and a Redwood I viscosity at 140 F. of not more than seconds, e.g. 3075 seconds, preferably a mineral lubricating oil obtained from the distillation of petroleum, and containing dissolved therein 0.5-5 by weight of the total quenching oil of an oil soluble alu minium compound, particularly one or more of the preferred types of aluminium compound hereinbefore specified, the viscosity of the quenching oil being not greater than 100 seconds Redwood I at F., e.g. 3075 seconds.
- EXAMPLE 1 A hardness test was carried out of samples of tile steel (21 low alloy steel containing 1.23% weight carbon) which had been quenched in a straight mineral lubricating oil and in a quenching oil according to the invention made using the same lubricating oil.
- the straight mineral lubricating oil (hereinafter called oil L) was obtained from the vacuum distillation of a Middle Eastern crude petroleum oil and had had the normal refining treatment viz dewaxing, solvent refining with furfural, and clay treatment.
- the refined oil had a Redwood I viscosity at 140 F. of 50 seconds, and a flash point of 400 F.
- the quenching oil according to the invention (hereinafter called oil Q1) was made by adding 3% by weight of an oil soluble compound M to the above lubricating oil.
- the aluminium compound M was one commercially available under the trade name Manalox and had been prepared as follows:
- EXAMPLE 3 Some chain links of various sizes made from chromenickel steel containing 0.40.5% weight C, 1.2% weight r Ni and 1.8% weight Cr were quenched in the straight mineral lubricating oil L referred to above and in a quenching oil according to the invention (Q2) made by dissolving 5% by weight (based on the final composition) of compound M in lubricating oil L.
- the quenching system consisted of a continuous conveyor which took the links through a furnace maintained at 850 C. where they remained for approximately minutes before dropping a distance of 1 foot into the quenching bath maintained at 60 C.
- a method of quenching alloys in which there is used a quenching oil consisting of a mineral lubricating oil base containing dissolved therein an oil soluble polyoxoaluminium acylate compound having the average general formula (OAlX) where n is 2-10 and X is an acylate group of the formula RCOO where R is a hydrocarbon radical containing 6-30 carbon atoms, in an amount sufiicient to increase the initial rate of cooling of said lubricating oil base.
- OAlX oil soluble polyoxoaluminium acylate compound having the average general formula (OAlX) where n is 2-10 and X is an acylate group of the formula RCOO where R is a hydrocarbon radical containing 6-30 carbon atoms
- lubricating oil is a refined mineral lubricating oil obtained from the distillation of crude petroleum.
- acylate groups in the polyoxo-aluminium acylate are derived from at least one of the following acids: benzoic acid, salicylic acid and aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 12-20 carbon atoms.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9643/60A GB905731A (en) | 1960-03-18 | 1960-03-18 | Quenching oil and method of quenching metals |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3113054A true US3113054A (en) | 1963-12-03 |
Family
ID=9875965
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US96394A Expired - Lifetime US3113054A (en) | 1960-03-18 | 1961-03-17 | Quenching oil and method of quenching metals |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3113054A (en(2012)) |
| BE (1) | BE601473A (en(2012)) |
| DE (1) | DE1270064B (en(2012)) |
| FR (1) | FR1284261A (en(2012)) |
| GB (1) | GB905731A (en(2012)) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3281288A (en) * | 1963-11-27 | 1966-10-25 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Processes and media for quenching metals |
| US20060187577A1 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-24 | Metalform Asia Pte Ltd. | Disk drive cover |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1019644A (en) * | 1963-10-09 | 1966-02-09 | British Petroleum Co | Quenching oil |
| CN113061693B (zh) * | 2021-03-19 | 2022-02-22 | 广东剑鑫科技股份有限公司 | 一种迅速稳定的超速光亮淬火油及其制备方法 |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2202364A (en) * | 1937-04-03 | 1940-05-28 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating oil |
| US2744074A (en) * | 1951-04-18 | 1956-05-01 | Du Pont | Polymeric organic aluminum oxides and method for preparing same |
| US2848362A (en) * | 1956-03-10 | 1958-08-19 | Nynaes Petroleum Ab | Method of quenching metal articles in amineral oil |
| GB825878A (en) * | 1957-07-25 | 1959-12-23 | Hardman & Holden Ltd | Improvements relating to polymeric reaction products of aluminium alkoxides |
| US2925430A (en) * | 1955-02-18 | 1960-02-16 | Konink Ind Mij Voorheen Noury | Polymeric basic aluminum compounds of organic acids |
| US3054816A (en) * | 1958-06-30 | 1962-09-18 | Agrashell Inc | Cyclic alkoxy- and phenoxy-aluminum oxide trimers and process for making same |
-
0
- BE BE601473D patent/BE601473A/xx unknown
-
1960
- 1960-03-18 GB GB9643/60A patent/GB905731A/en not_active Expired
-
1961
- 1961-03-16 FR FR855850A patent/FR1284261A/fr not_active Expired
- 1961-03-17 DE DEP1270A patent/DE1270064B/de active Pending
- 1961-03-17 US US96394A patent/US3113054A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2202364A (en) * | 1937-04-03 | 1940-05-28 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating oil |
| US2744074A (en) * | 1951-04-18 | 1956-05-01 | Du Pont | Polymeric organic aluminum oxides and method for preparing same |
| US2925430A (en) * | 1955-02-18 | 1960-02-16 | Konink Ind Mij Voorheen Noury | Polymeric basic aluminum compounds of organic acids |
| US2848362A (en) * | 1956-03-10 | 1958-08-19 | Nynaes Petroleum Ab | Method of quenching metal articles in amineral oil |
| GB825878A (en) * | 1957-07-25 | 1959-12-23 | Hardman & Holden Ltd | Improvements relating to polymeric reaction products of aluminium alkoxides |
| US3054816A (en) * | 1958-06-30 | 1962-09-18 | Agrashell Inc | Cyclic alkoxy- and phenoxy-aluminum oxide trimers and process for making same |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3281288A (en) * | 1963-11-27 | 1966-10-25 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Processes and media for quenching metals |
| US20060187577A1 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-24 | Metalform Asia Pte Ltd. | Disk drive cover |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1270064B (de) | 1968-06-12 |
| FR1284261A (fr) | 1962-02-09 |
| GB905731A (en) | 1962-09-12 |
| BE601473A (en(2012)) |
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