US3113054A - Quenching oil and method of quenching metals - Google Patents

Quenching oil and method of quenching metals Download PDF

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US3113054A
US3113054A US96394A US9639461A US3113054A US 3113054 A US3113054 A US 3113054A US 96394 A US96394 A US 96394A US 9639461 A US9639461 A US 9639461A US 3113054 A US3113054 A US 3113054A
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oil
quenching
lubricating oil
aluminium
hardness
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Billett Michael George
Gibson James
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BP PLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
    • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/58—Oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
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    • C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
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    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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    • C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/141—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings monocarboxylic
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/142—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings polycarboxylic
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/144—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/146—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membeered aromatic rings having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
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Definitions

  • the hardness of an alloy is mainly dependent upon the formation of a certain physical structure; in the case of steel, the hardness is determined by the proportion of martensite formed during the hardening process.
  • Rapid cooling of the alloy is usually effected by immersing the hot alloy in a relatively cool quenching liquid.
  • a commonly used quenching liquid is mineral oil but for certain alloys, e.g. high-carbon, low-alloy steels straight mineral oils do not form satisfactory quenchants since the initial rate of cooling is too slow.
  • a faster initial cooling rate can be obtained by using Water as the quenching medium but this is unsatisfactory for large sections since it cools the metal too quickly at the lower temperatures and often results in distortion and cracking.
  • a quenching oil consisting of a lubricating oil base containing dissolved therein a small amount of an oil-soluble aluminium compound.
  • oil-soluble is used in the sense that the compound must be capable of remaining in stable suspension in the oil and not separate out of storage. Thus the compound may be present in the oil in the form of a colloidal suspension.
  • the lubricating oil is preferably a refined mineral lubbricating oil obtained from the distillation of crude petroleum particularly one having a hash point above 350 F. and a Redwood I viscosity at 140 P. not greater than 100 seconds.
  • the viscosity of the quenching oil should also preferably not exceed 100 seconds, e.g. 3075 seconds, Redwood I at 140 F. If the aluminium compound has a tendency to thicken the lubricating oil, this may be counteracted by the use of an anti-gelling agent eg 8- hydroxyquinoline.
  • the amount of the oil-soluble aluminium compound dissolved in the lubricating oil base is preferably not greater than 10%, e.g. 0.5%, by Weight of the final composition.
  • a preferred class of aluminium compounds are the polyoxo-aluminium acyla-tes. These compounds may be prepared by heating aluminium alcoholates with water and carboxylic acids in one or more stages and preferably in an inert, non-volatile diluent such as a light lubricating oil. This method of preparation is described in UK. patent specification 825,878. Another method of preparation is to heat aluminium alooholates with carboxylic acids alone so as to liberate alcohol and form acyloxy aluminium alcoholate compounds, and further heat the latter compounds. This method of preparation is described in UK. patent specification 806,113. Examples of such polyoxo-aluminium acylates are those having the average general formula (OAlX) where n is an integer greater than 1, preferably 210, and X is an acylate group,
  • OAlX average general formula
  • acylate groups are derived from benzoic or salicyclic acids, or aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 12-20 carbon atoms, e.g. stearic or oleic acids. It is to be understood that the acylate groups in any given molecule of the additive may be the same or different and that the additive may consist of a mixture of different molecules.
  • aluminium glycolates Another suit-able class of oil soluble aluminium compounds are the aluminium glycolates.
  • the invention also consists in a quenching oil consisting essentially of a lubricating oil having a flash point above 350 F. and a Redwood I viscosity at 140 F. of not more than seconds, e.g. 3075 seconds, preferably a mineral lubricating oil obtained from the distillation of petroleum, and containing dissolved therein 0.5-5 by weight of the total quenching oil of an oil soluble alu minium compound, particularly one or more of the preferred types of aluminium compound hereinbefore specified, the viscosity of the quenching oil being not greater than 100 seconds Redwood I at F., e.g. 3075 seconds.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A hardness test was carried out of samples of tile steel (21 low alloy steel containing 1.23% weight carbon) which had been quenched in a straight mineral lubricating oil and in a quenching oil according to the invention made using the same lubricating oil.
  • the straight mineral lubricating oil (hereinafter called oil L) was obtained from the vacuum distillation of a Middle Eastern crude petroleum oil and had had the normal refining treatment viz dewaxing, solvent refining with furfural, and clay treatment.
  • the refined oil had a Redwood I viscosity at 140 F. of 50 seconds, and a flash point of 400 F.
  • the quenching oil according to the invention (hereinafter called oil Q1) was made by adding 3% by weight of an oil soluble compound M to the above lubricating oil.
  • the aluminium compound M was one commercially available under the trade name Manalox and had been prepared as follows:
  • EXAMPLE 3 Some chain links of various sizes made from chromenickel steel containing 0.40.5% weight C, 1.2% weight r Ni and 1.8% weight Cr were quenched in the straight mineral lubricating oil L referred to above and in a quenching oil according to the invention (Q2) made by dissolving 5% by weight (based on the final composition) of compound M in lubricating oil L.
  • the quenching system consisted of a continuous conveyor which took the links through a furnace maintained at 850 C. where they remained for approximately minutes before dropping a distance of 1 foot into the quenching bath maintained at 60 C.
  • a method of quenching alloys in which there is used a quenching oil consisting of a mineral lubricating oil base containing dissolved therein an oil soluble polyoxoaluminium acylate compound having the average general formula (OAlX) where n is 2-10 and X is an acylate group of the formula RCOO where R is a hydrocarbon radical containing 6-30 carbon atoms, in an amount sufiicient to increase the initial rate of cooling of said lubricating oil base.
  • OAlX oil soluble polyoxoaluminium acylate compound having the average general formula (OAlX) where n is 2-10 and X is an acylate group of the formula RCOO where R is a hydrocarbon radical containing 6-30 carbon atoms
  • lubricating oil is a refined mineral lubricating oil obtained from the distillation of crude petroleum.
  • acylate groups in the polyoxo-aluminium acylate are derived from at least one of the following acids: benzoic acid, salicylic acid and aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 12-20 carbon atoms.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 3,113,054 QUENCHING OIL AND METHOD OF QUENCHING METALS Michael George Billett and James Gibson, both of finnbury-on-Thames, England, assignors to The British Petroleum Company Limited, London, England, a British joint-stock corporation No Drawing. Filed Mar. 17, 1961, Ser. No. 96,394 Claims priority, application Great Britain Mar. 18, 1960 6 Claims. (Cl. 14829) Many metal alloys, especially ferrous alloys, require a heat treatment (e.g. at a temperature of 850 C.) followed by rapid cooling to develop the necessary degree of hardness. The hardness of an alloy is mainly dependent upon the formation of a certain physical structure; in the case of steel, the hardness is determined by the proportion of martensite formed during the hardening process. Rapid cooling of the alloy is usually effected by immersing the hot alloy in a relatively cool quenching liquid. A commonly used quenching liquid is mineral oil but for certain alloys, e.g. high-carbon, low-alloy steels straight mineral oils do not form satisfactory quenchants since the initial rate of cooling is too slow. A faster initial cooling rate can be obtained by using Water as the quenching medium but this is unsatisfactory for large sections since it cools the metal too quickly at the lower temperatures and often results in distortion and cracking.
We have now developed an improved quenching oil and method of quenching alloys which is particularly suitable in the case of high-carbon, low-alloy steels and other alloys which cannot be satisfactorily cooled in straight mineral oil.
According to the invention there is provided a method of quenching alloys in which there is used a quenching oil consisting of a lubricating oil base containing dissolved therein a small amount of an oil-soluble aluminium compound. (The term oil-soluble is used in the sense that the compound must be capable of remaining in stable suspension in the oil and not separate out of storage. Thus the compound may be present in the oil in the form of a colloidal suspension.)
The lubricating oil is preferably a refined mineral lubbricating oil obtained from the distillation of crude petroleum particularly one having a hash point above 350 F. and a Redwood I viscosity at 140 P. not greater than 100 seconds. The viscosity of the quenching oil should also preferably not exceed 100 seconds, e.g. 3075 seconds, Redwood I at 140 F. If the aluminium compound has a tendency to thicken the lubricating oil, this may be counteracted by the use of an anti-gelling agent eg 8- hydroxyquinoline.
The amount of the oil-soluble aluminium compound dissolved in the lubricating oil base is preferably not greater than 10%, e.g. 0.5%, by Weight of the final composition.
A preferred class of aluminium compounds are the polyoxo-aluminium acyla-tes. These compounds may be prepared by heating aluminium alcoholates with water and carboxylic acids in one or more stages and preferably in an inert, non-volatile diluent such as a light lubricating oil. This method of preparation is described in UK. patent specification 825,878. Another method of preparation is to heat aluminium alooholates with carboxylic acids alone so as to liberate alcohol and form acyloxy aluminium alcoholate compounds, and further heat the latter compounds. This method of preparation is described in UK. patent specification 806,113. Examples of such polyoxo-aluminium acylates are those having the average general formula (OAlX) where n is an integer greater than 1, preferably 210, and X is an acylate group,
3,1 13,054 Patented Dec. 3, 1963 i.e. a group having the formula RCOO- where R is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radical, especially a saturated or unsaturated alkyl or aryl radical containing 630 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are such compounds in which the acylate groups are derived from benzoic or salicyclic acids, or aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 12-20 carbon atoms, e.g. stearic or oleic acids. It is to be understood that the acylate groups in any given molecule of the additive may be the same or different and that the additive may consist of a mixture of different molecules.
Another suit-able class of oil soluble aluminium compounds are the aluminium glycolates.
The invention also consists in a quenching oil consisting essentially of a lubricating oil having a flash point above 350 F. and a Redwood I viscosity at 140 F. of not more than seconds, e.g. 3075 seconds, preferably a mineral lubricating oil obtained from the distillation of petroleum, and containing dissolved therein 0.5-5 by weight of the total quenching oil of an oil soluble alu minium compound, particularly one or more of the preferred types of aluminium compound hereinbefore specified, the viscosity of the quenching oil being not greater than 100 seconds Redwood I at F., e.g. 3075 seconds.
A number of examples of the invention will now be described.
EXAMPLE 1 A hardness test was carried out of samples of tile steel (21 low alloy steel containing 1.23% weight carbon) which had been quenched in a straight mineral lubricating oil and in a quenching oil according to the invention made using the same lubricating oil.
The straight mineral lubricating oil (hereinafter called oil L) was obtained from the vacuum distillation of a Middle Eastern crude petroleum oil and had had the normal refining treatment viz dewaxing, solvent refining with furfural, and clay treatment. The refined oil had a Redwood I viscosity at 140 F. of 50 seconds, and a flash point of 400 F.
The quenching oil according to the invention (hereinafter called oil Q1) was made by adding 3% by weight of an oil soluble compound M to the above lubricating oil. The aluminium compound M was one commercially available under the trade name Manalox and had been prepared as follows:
One molecular proportion of aluminium isopropoxide was reacted with two molecular proportions of commcroial oleic acid at a temperature increasing to about 220 C. Two molecular proportions of isopropanol distilled off during the reaction a slight vacuum being ap plied near the end to aid the removal of the last traces of isopropanol. It is believed that the product (M) consisted of a solution in one part by weight of isopropyl oleate of one part by weight of a polyoxo-aluminium acylate of the general formula (OAlGOCRQ where R is an oleyl radical, and n is 210 predominantly 3.
Samples of the file steel 0.3" X 1.4" X 4.5" in size were heated for half an hour at 800 C. in an electric furnace and then quenched by plunging them into 5 gallons of the quenchant at room temperature. The quenched samples were then parted slightly off centre on a water cooled slitting wheel giving a transverse section which was ground back to a centre line, polished and then hardnesstested using the well-known Vickers hardness tester. The hardness transverse was made at 0.1" intervals along a line running centrally across the section parallel to its two longer sides. All tests were done in duplicate. The results are given in the following table.
It will be seen that the use of the quenching oil according to the invention gave a product of much more uniform hardness across its section as compared with the use of the base oil.
EXAMPLE 2 The initial cooling rate of oils Q1 and L and of an oil (Z) sold commercially as a fast quenching oil, were detcrmined by a nickel ball test. In this test use is made of the well known property of metals in that they lose their magnetism when heated above a certain temperature (the Curie point) which is characteristic for each metal. Nickel was chosen for these quenching tests because of its non-scaling characteristics and resistance to cracking during quenching. The test procedure consisted essentially of heating a nickel ball to 850 C. in a tube furnace then quenching in the oil. The time for the ball to be come magnetic gave an accurate measure of the speed of quench from 850 C. to 354 C. (the Curie point of nickel). The results were as follows:
Seconds Oil Q1 15.5 Oil L 22.7 Oil Z 19.3
It will be seen that from the point of view of fast initial cooling rate, the quenching oil according to the invention was the best of the oils tested.
EXAMPLE 3 Some chain links of various sizes made from chromenickel steel containing 0.40.5% weight C, 1.2% weight r Ni and 1.8% weight Cr were quenched in the straight mineral lubricating oil L referred to above and in a quenching oil according to the invention (Q2) made by dissolving 5% by weight (based on the final composition) of compound M in lubricating oil L. The quenching system consisted of a continuous conveyor which took the links through a furnace maintained at 850 C. where they remained for approximately minutes before dropping a distance of 1 foot into the quenching bath maintained at 60 C. Rockwell C hardness tests on the treated links showed that in the smaller links (approximately /2 inch 4 long) an increase in surface hardness of 15% was achieved using oil Q2 as compared with when oil L was used. For the larger links (12 inches long, 4 inches wide, /2 inch thick) an increase in surface hardness of 10% was achieved. Some of the smaller links were sectioned and an even hardness distribution was found to exist through the section.
EXAMPLE 4 Some silicon-manganese spring steel stampings (for a refrigerator temperature controller) having a carbon content from 0.6 to 0.7% weight were quenched in the straight mineral lubricating :oil L and in the quenching oil according to the invention, Q2. The stampings were passed in an atmosphere of hydrogen through an electrically heated furnace maintained at 900 C. and were discharged into a tank of quenching oil mounted beneath the furnace. The tank contained 40 gallons of oil at a temperature of 6070 C. When quenching in oil L, a hardness of 530670 V.P.N. (Vickers pyramid number) was obtained. With oil Q2, hardness values of the order of 750 V.P.N. were obtained, which was similar to that obtained by quenching the steel stampings in water.
We claim:
1. A method of quenching alloys in which there is used a quenching oil consisting of a mineral lubricating oil base containing dissolved therein an oil soluble polyoxoaluminium acylate compound having the average general formula (OAlX) where n is 2-10 and X is an acylate group of the formula RCOO where R is a hydrocarbon radical containing 6-30 carbon atoms, in an amount sufiicient to increase the initial rate of cooling of said lubricating oil base.
2. A method according to claim 1, in which the lubricating oil is a refined mineral lubricating oil obtained from the distillation of crude petroleum.
3. A method according to claim 2, in which the lubricating oil has a flash point above 350 F. and a Redwood I viscosity at 140 F. of up to seconds.
4. A method according to claim 1, in which the amount of the oil soluble aluminium compound dissolved in the lubricating oil is 0.5-5% by weight of the quenching oil.
5. A method according to claim 1, in which the acylate groups in the polyoxo-aluminium acylate are derived from at least one of the following acids: benzoic acid, salicylic acid and aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 12-20 carbon atoms.
6. A method according to claim 1, in which the amount of the oil soluble aluminium compound dissolved in said lubricating oil base is not greater than 10% by weight.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,202,364 Wiezevich May 28, 1940 2,744,074 Theobald May 1, 1956 2,848,362 Flemmert et al. Aug. 19, 1958 2,925,430 Stedehouder et al Feb. 16, 1960 3,054,816 Rinse Sept. 18, 1962 FOREIGN PATENTS 825.878 Great Britain Dec. 23, 1959 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,113,054 December 3, 1963 Michael George Billett et a1.
It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.
Column 1 line 39, for "separate out of storage" read separate out on storage Signed and sealed this 28th day of April 1964.
(SEAL) Attest:
ERNEST W. SWIDER EDWARD J. BRENNER Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents

Claims (1)

1. A METHOD OF QUENCHING ALLOYS IN WHICH THERE IS USED A QUENCHING OIL CONSISTING OF A MINERAL LUBRICATING OIL BASE CONTAINING DISSOLVED THEREIN AN OIL SOLUBLE POLYOXOALUMINUM ACYLATE COMPOUND HAVING THE AVERAGE GENERAL FORMULA (OALX)N, WHERE N IS 2-10 AND X IS AN ACYLATE GROUP OF THE FORMULA RCOO- WHERE R IS A HYDROCARBON RADICAL CONTAINING 6-30 CARBON ATOMS, IN AN AMOUNT SUFFICIENT TO INCREASE THE INITIAL RATE OF COOLING OF SAID LUBRICATING OIL BASE.
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US3281288A (en) * 1963-11-27 1966-10-25 Exxon Research Engineering Co Processes and media for quenching metals
US20060187577A1 (en) * 2005-01-31 2006-08-24 Metalform Asia Pte Ltd. Disk drive cover

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GB1019644A (en) * 1963-10-09 1966-02-09 British Petroleum Co Quenching oil
CN113061693B (en) * 2021-03-19 2022-02-22 广东剑鑫科技股份有限公司 Rapid and stable overspeed bright quenching oil and preparation method thereof

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US2202364A (en) * 1937-04-03 1940-05-28 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricating oil
US2744074A (en) * 1951-04-18 1956-05-01 Du Pont Polymeric organic aluminum oxides and method for preparing same
US2848362A (en) * 1956-03-10 1958-08-19 Nynaes Petroleum Ab Method of quenching metal articles in amineral oil
GB825878A (en) * 1957-07-25 1959-12-23 Hardman & Holden Ltd Improvements relating to polymeric reaction products of aluminium alkoxides
US2925430A (en) * 1955-02-18 1960-02-16 Konink Ind Mij Voorheen Noury Polymeric basic aluminum compounds of organic acids
US3054816A (en) * 1958-06-30 1962-09-18 Agrashell Inc Cyclic alkoxy- and phenoxy-aluminum oxide trimers and process for making same

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US2202364A (en) * 1937-04-03 1940-05-28 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricating oil
US2744074A (en) * 1951-04-18 1956-05-01 Du Pont Polymeric organic aluminum oxides and method for preparing same
US2925430A (en) * 1955-02-18 1960-02-16 Konink Ind Mij Voorheen Noury Polymeric basic aluminum compounds of organic acids
US2848362A (en) * 1956-03-10 1958-08-19 Nynaes Petroleum Ab Method of quenching metal articles in amineral oil
GB825878A (en) * 1957-07-25 1959-12-23 Hardman & Holden Ltd Improvements relating to polymeric reaction products of aluminium alkoxides
US3054816A (en) * 1958-06-30 1962-09-18 Agrashell Inc Cyclic alkoxy- and phenoxy-aluminum oxide trimers and process for making same

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3281288A (en) * 1963-11-27 1966-10-25 Exxon Research Engineering Co Processes and media for quenching metals
US20060187577A1 (en) * 2005-01-31 2006-08-24 Metalform Asia Pte Ltd. Disk drive cover

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