US3111267A - Apparatus for applying heat-fusible coatings on solid objects - Google Patents

Apparatus for applying heat-fusible coatings on solid objects Download PDF

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Publication number
US3111267A
US3111267A US653602A US65360257A US3111267A US 3111267 A US3111267 A US 3111267A US 653602 A US653602 A US 653602A US 65360257 A US65360257 A US 65360257A US 3111267 A US3111267 A US 3111267A
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Prior art keywords
nozzle
flame
valve
conduit
gun
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US653602A
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English (en)
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Arthur P Shepard
Ferdinand J Dittrich
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Metco Inc
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Metco Inc
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Priority to US653602A priority Critical patent/US3111267A/en
Priority to DEM37371A priority patent/DE1247909B/de
Priority to FR1205504D priority patent/FR1205504A/fr
Priority to US258092A priority patent/US3266727A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
    • B05B7/201—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle
    • B05B7/205—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle the material to be sprayed being originally a particulate material
    • B05B7/206—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle the material to be sprayed being originally a particulate material in a container fixed to the discharge device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
    • H02J13/00009—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission using pulsed signals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/121—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus for applying heat-fusible coatings on solid objects from heat-fusible materials in divided, such as powdered, form.
  • the invention more particularly relates to a gun construction for spraying heat-fusible material, using a fuel gas and a combustion supporting gas where said material is fed into the gun in finely divided, solid form.
  • Heat-fusible material spray guns of the powder type are devices in which powdered material is fed to a heating zone wherein it reaches a molten or at least heatplastic condition, and from which it is propelled, at a relatively high velocity, onto the object to be coated.
  • Heat-fusible material spray guns of this type provide means for conveying the powdered material to be sprayed from a hopper to the heating zone by a stream of gas, in which the finely divided powdered material is entrained.
  • Such guns are most commonly used for spraying metal powders and hence are frequently referred to as powdertype metal spray guns.
  • These guns which are satisfactory for higher melting point materials, differ from previous powder spray guns it. that they supply the powdered material to the center of the flame at a relatively low velocity and do so by using a relatively small amount of carrier gas in proportion to the solid material carried.
  • the construction and method in accordance with this invention makes it possible for the first time to spray refractory powdered materials (including refractory metsis and refractory ceramics) so that consistent hard coatings can be produced without spatter by unskilled operators.
  • the construction and method in accordance with this invention makes it possible for the first time to spray refractory powdered materials comprising a relatively wide range of particle sizes and particularly finer materials than previously have been sprayable.
  • alumina of a particle size of from 2 to 60 microns, and zirconia of a particle size of from 2 to microns may be successfully sprayed commercially.
  • carrier gas containing finely divided solid heat-fusible material is introduced into the central zone of a heating flame, such that the velocity of every part of the cross-section of the stream of said gas is essentially the same and whereby said gas and the entrained particles of said material are diffused throughout the cross-section of said flame.
  • the spray gun nozzle for effecting the method in accordance with this invention has means for passing a combustible fluid and a combustion supporting fluid, such as gases, with a substantial forward linear velocity for flame combustion from the tip of said nozzle, a carrier gas conduit terminating substantially adjacent said tip of said nozzle, said conduit being positioned and adapted for introduction of carrier gas into the central zone of said flame, and diffuser means in said conduit cooperatively positioned with respect to said conduit to diffuse said carrier gas throughout said flame and thereby distribute said material evenly into said flame.
  • a combustion supporting fluid such as gases
  • P16. 1 is a side elevation of one embodiment of a heatfusible material spray gun in accordance with this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the embodimerit of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial cross-section of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a front elevation of the showing in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view, partially in section, of the underside of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-section of the nozzle of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 7 is an end view taken in the direction 77 of the showing of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-section of the nozzle of a heat-fusible material spray gun showing an alternative embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 9 is an end view taken in the direction 9--9 of the showing of FIG. 8'.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-section of the nozzle of a heat-fusible material spray gun showing a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. ii is an end view taken in the direction lit-11 of the showing of FIG. ltl;
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-section of the nozzle of a heat-fusible material gun showing an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. i3 is an end view taken in the direction l3.l3 of the showing of FIG. 12;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating the flame of a previously known heat-fusible material spray gun.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating the flame of a spray gun in accordance with this invention.
  • 1 shows the body of the spray gun, on which is mounted the inclined, tubular material hopper 2.
  • Material hopper 2 is held by a saddle 3 (FIG. I) fastened to body 1 by a through-pin 4, which is threaded into saddle 3 at one end to hold it securely in place.
  • the entire hopper 2 with its saddle 3 can be removed for convenience by removing threaded pin 4.
  • a hole 5 (FIG. 2) is provided in the hopper 2 in communication with the duct 6 in saddle 3.
  • a valve block 7 is securely mounted on top of body 1 and provided with duct 8, which is in line with duct 6.
  • a nipple 9 is mounted between block 7 and saddle 3, so as to connect ducts 6 and 8.
  • the nipple 9 is held in place by a plate 10 and screws 11.
  • a packing washer 12 is provided around nipple 9.
  • a small piece of rubber tube 13 fits over the lower projecting end of nipple 9 and is held in place by a rubber ring 14.
  • a valve chamber 15 is provided in block 7 and is fitted with a piston 16, having the packing rings 17 and 18.
  • the piston 16 is operated by a valve-operating mechanism which will be more fully described hereafter.
  • the body 1 is provided with a powder feed chamber 19, a longitudinal bore 20 extending centrally through the front end of the body, back to and communicating with a central duct 21 and a hole 22 communicating the powder chamber with the bore 20.
  • a seat plug 23 in the form of a cylindrical, flanged plug is fitted into the bore 20 with a sliding fit and has a flange extending over the end of body 1.
  • the body 1 is provided with a threaded section 24, onto which is threaded a nut 25.
  • a nozzle 26 is mounted on the flange of seat plug 23 and held in place by nut 25, which simultaneously holds seat plug 23 in place.
  • the nozzle 26 has a central bore 27 which communicates with the central conical bore 28 of seat plug 23 in such a manner that the two form a continuous extended bore.
  • a groove 29 is provided in seat plug 23 on the upper half only and communicates bore 28 with hole 22.
  • a jet screw 39 is centrally located in seat plug 23 and is screwed into a central threaded hole in seat plug 23.
  • the jet screw 30 is provided with a small central jet hole 31 which is concentric with the bore 28 of seat plug 23.
  • Packing rings 32 and 33 are provided to seal seat plug 23 in the bore 20 at both sides of groove 29.
  • a dowell pin 34 is provided between body 1 and seat plug 23 to hold it in a predetermined position.
  • a bleeder hole 35 is provided from powder chamber 19 to the front end of body 1.
  • the nozzle 26 (FIG. 6) is provided with an annular groove at its base 36 and a multiple number of parallel nozzle jet holes 37, arranged in a circle.
  • Nozzle 26 is also provided with air holes 38, which are located alternately between holes 37 and terminate inwardly of holes 37, nearer to bore 27, and extend at a relatively steep angle to the outer surface of nozzle 26.
  • the seat plug 23 is provided with a hole 39 through its flange, which communicates with annular groove 36.
  • Body 1 is provided with duct 49 which communicates with hole
  • Body 1 is provided with duct 41 for combustion supporting gas and duct 42 for combustible gas.
  • the connecting duct between 4! and 41 is the connecting duct 43
  • the connecting duct between 40 and 42 is the connecting duct 44.
  • These ducts are provided by cross-drilling through body 1 and plugging the outer ends oi" these ducts with small steel screws at 45 and 46.
  • Valves 47 and 43 are provided and mounted on the rear of. body 1 by means of mounting plate 49 and screws 50. These valves are arranged to communicate with ducts 41 and 42 respectively, and these connections are sealed by packings 5i and 52 respectively.
  • a valve 53 is provided and mounted on body 1 by means of screws 5-4. The details of this valve construction can best be seen in FIG. 3.
  • a cylindrical bore 55 is provided in body 1 for mounting of this valve.
  • the valve consists of a valve body 56, into which is threaded a needle valve needle 57. on which is secured valve handle 58. Packing ring 59 seals between the inner bore of valve handle 58 and the body 56.
  • Body 56 is provided with a conical seat 64 into which the needle of the needle valve 57 fits.
  • Body 56 is provided with packing rings 61 and 62, which are spaced on each side of a groove 63 on the outer cylindrical surface of body 56.
  • a hole 64 is provided from the bottom of the bore 55 into duct d2 or a similar hole may be provided into duct 41.
  • a small duct 65 is provided in body 1 connecting bore 55 with central duct 21 and terminating in bore 55 in direct communication with annular groove 63 in valve body 56.
  • Hole 90 connects annular groove 63 with the bore in valve body 56.
  • a handle 66 is mounted on body 1 by means of screws 67. Screws 67 also hold mounting bracket 68, which extends to one side of the gun and has stud 69 secured at its terminus. Mounting bracket 68 and stud 69 provide convenient means for mounting the gun when it is not being used by hand.
  • a trigger 70 is connected through a mechanism, hereinafter to be described, to valve piston 16. Pin 71 in body 1 pivotally supports the trigger 70. Spring 72 holds trigger 70 in a forward position away from handle 66. Trigger 70 (FIG. 1) extends upward on both sides of the body 1 and at its upper end is mounted a cross pin 73. Cross pin 73 engages a slot in hollow square piston 74. A housing 75 is mounted on body 1 by screw 76 and defines a square piston chamber between itself and the top area of body 1. A cam 92 is mounted on pivot pin 77 in housing 75 and is held in a neutral position, as shown in drawing, by spring 78.
  • a secondary piston 79 slides in a bore provided in piston cylinder 74, and is held in a forward position by spring 80, which presses against snap ring washer 81, which is fastened to piston 79.
  • a screw 82 which is screwed into the bottom of piston cylinder 74, acts as a limit stop in both directions for secondary piston 79.
  • Valve piston 16 has spring 83 engaging housing 75 at one end and snap ring washer 84 at the other end, so as to hold valve piston 16 in a rearward position.
  • the top of square piston 74 has a forward cutout see tion 85 and a rear cutout section 86 on its upper portion. These cutout sections, and the forward and rearward termini thereof, act to engage the cam projections of cam 92, as will be hereinafter more fully described.
  • Valve handle 58 is provided with milled grooves 87 which engage the pointed end of detent piston 88.
  • Detent piston 88 slides in the space provided for it at the rear of housing 75 and is pressed rearwardly by spring 89.
  • Trigger 70 operates to open and close a powder feed valve which comprises rubber tube 13 and the piston 16.
  • a powder feed valve which comprises rubber tube 13 and the piston 16.
  • the piston 16 In the closed position, with the piston 16 in its rearward position, the piston squeezes the end of rubber tube 13 closed. This position is shown in FIG. 2.
  • piston 16 When piston 16 is moved to a forward position it releases the squeezing pressure on the end of rubber tube 13, opening it and permitting powder to flow through the rubber tube.
  • the operator simply again squeezes the trigger 70 toward the handle 66 a second time.
  • This causes forward motion of the piston cylinder 74, which is permitted, since the cam 92 can rotate slightly in a clockwise direction and since the lower projection of the cam can slide out of the open, rearward end of the groove 85 into the cutout section 86.
  • the lower projection of the cam 92 is already past the highest point on the partition separating the cutouts 85 and 86 so that the rearward terminus of the cutout section 85 will not rotate the cam to a position where its rear projection will stop the for- Ward motion of the piston cylinder 74 by contacting the rearward terminus of the cutout section 86.
  • the trigger and powder valve mechanism thereby permits the operator to open the valve by pulling a trigger a first time, and the valve will remain open even after the trigger is released.
  • the valve is closed by pulling the trigger a second time and then releasing it.
  • the powdered material to be sprayed is placed in hopper 2, and fuel gas and combustion supporting gas hoses are connected in the conventional manner to valves 48 and 47 respectively. Sources of fuel gas and their hoses and fittings are not shown, since these are conventional and well known for use with such equipment.
  • the gun With the powder valve just described closed, and the powder feed valve 53 closed, the gun is first lighted by slightly opening valves 48 and 47 and lighting the gases as they emerge from nozzle jets 37.
  • the fuel gas flows through valve 48 into and through conduit 42, through connecting conduit 44 and into conduit 40.
  • the combustion supporting gas flows through valve 47 and into and through conduit 41, through connecting conduit 43 and also into conduit 40, where it mixes with the fuel gas.
  • the mixed gases flow from conduit 40 through hole 39 and into annular groove 36, and from thence through multiple nozzle jets 37 Where they are ignited upon emergence.
  • the discharge of the gases from nozzle jets 37 causes reduced pressure at the face of nozzle 26, which causes objectionable turbulence at the face of the nozzle, which in turn tends to cause deposit of fusible material on the face of the nozzle.
  • the reduced pressure at the face of the nozzle is substantially relieved by the induced flow of a small amount of atmospheric air through holes 38, which terminate at the face of the nozzle in alternate positions between nozzle jet holes 3-7. While the flow of air through holes 38 is very small, it is suificient to completely eliminate the tendency for material to collect and build up on the face of nozzle 26.
  • valve 53 is first adjusted.
  • the detent piston 38 engaging the grooves 87 in valve handle 58 provides a convenient means for determining the setting of the valve by counting the number of clicks from a fully closed position.
  • the detent also securely holds the valve in a predetermined position.
  • valve 53 is open, a small amount of fuel gas flows from conduit 42 through hole 64, through the valve 53, and past neec'ile as, into the bore of valve body 56, through hole 90, into annular chamber 63, and from thence through conduit 65 into central duct 21. From central duct 21 a very small amount of gas is permitted to flow through jet hole 31 in jet screw 36. This jet of fuel gas extends across groove 29 and exhausts out through powder conduits 2S and 27 to the center of the flame.
  • the operator pulls back on tri ier 7%, which opens the powder feed valve as hereinahotc described.
  • the powder then flows from powder chamber 19 into groove 29, where it is picked up by the jet of fuel gas emerging from jet hole 31.
  • the powder is then carried forward through conduits 28 and 27 and emerges at the nozzle face in the center of the flame.
  • Hole 35 is provided into powder chamber 19 to maintain atmospheric pressure in said chamber. This is of importance since otherwise a partial vacuum is created by the action of jet 31, which varies with the flow of powder and hence causes an excessive variation in the powder feed.
  • Most metal powders feed satisfactorily by gravity from hopper 2 down through the various passages to powder chamber 19 and groove 29.
  • the hopper 2 has been mounted at an angle so that the material feeds satisfactorily for all positions of the gun through 90 from horizontal to practically vertically down.
  • the end or tip of nozzle 26- (FIGS. 6 and 7) has a counter-bored section 60 1 which comprises a continuation of an enlargement of conduit 27.
  • a counter-bored section 60 1 which comprises a continuation of an enlargement of conduit 27.
  • At the tip of the nozzle and at the terminus of conduit 601 is wire screen 692.
  • Screen 662 is fitted into the end of nozzle 26 by providing a slight additional counter sink to receive it. It may be fastened in place in any conventional manner, such as by friction fit or brazing.
  • Screen 60?. may be of a mesh size of from 20 to but is preferably of a mesh size of from 30 to 50, and is most preferably a 40 mesh screen made from .06 diameter Wire.
  • nozzle 826 is similar to nozzle 26, in that it has nozzle jets 837. In this embodiment, however, the internal construction of the nozzle differs from that shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • the nozzle 326 is counter-bored at 801.
  • the forward cylindrical section of plug 802 is somewhat smaller than counter-bore 001, so that annular passage 803 is provided between plug 802 and bore 801.
  • Annular groove 804 is provided on the outer periphery of plug 802 and is positioned to communicate With radial holes 805 in nozzle 826.
  • Nozzle 826 has conduit 827, which connects with an extension of this conduit 806 in plug 802.
  • the outer end of conduit 806 is taper-bored to a conical shape.
  • a small cone 807 is centrally fixed in the conical bore of 005 so as to provide an annular conical groove or passage 800.
  • Cone 807 is supported by legs 809 which may be brazed to plug 802 and cone 807 to hold it in position.
  • the holes 805, groove 004, and annular passage 803 provide a passage for atmospheric air which is drawn by the flame through this passage.
  • the function performed by this air is the same as that provided by air passages 38 shown in the embodiment of this invention described in connection with P165. 2 and 6.
  • the air is more evenly distributed, and it is possible to avoid the collection of material on the tip, provide a more even flame, and use less air for diluting and cooling the flame.
  • the nozzle 1026 is externally similar to nozzle 26 and has jet holes 1037 similar to jet holes 37 and conduit extension 1027 similar to conduit extension 27.
  • nozzle 1026 is counter-bored to provide bore 100].
  • Cylindrical plug 1002 is provided with a groove 1004 and a smaller cylindrical section at its end to provide annular space 1003. Communicating with annular groove 1004 are radial holes 1005.
  • the external plug construction and holes perform the same function as the embodiment previously described in connection with FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • Plug 1002 is provided with bore 1006, which forms an extension of conduit 1027. From conduit 1006 extending forward to the face of the nozzle are holes 1007. Holes 1007 are provided at an angle to the nozzle axis so that they diverge toward their outer ends.
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 A still further alternative embodiment of this invention can be seen with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13.
  • the nozzle 1226 is similar in external construction to nozzle 26 and is provided with jets 1237 similar to jets 37.
  • Central conduit 1227 is similar to central conduit 27 except that this conduit terminates before it reaches the flame tip of the nozzle. Extending from the terminus of conduit 1227 are holes 1201. These holes 1201 have their axes on an angle so that they diverge toward the tip. So as to provide holes, the ends of which are at right angles to their axes, the face of nozzle 1226 is turned slightly conical at 1202.
  • the hopper 2 may be made of any suitable structure and material, it is an advantage to make it of clear plastic material so that the operator can see the amount of powder remaining in the hopper.
  • a separate, as for example, a larger capacity hopper may be supported above the gun and connected to the duct 6 by means of a flexible hose, as for example, a flexible rubber hose.
  • the powdered heat-fusible material in the hopper which is for example suspended from the ceiling, will feed through the flexible hose by gravity into the duct 6.
  • This construction relieves the operator of the strain of holding the weight of the heat-fusible material and allows the use of a much larger capacity container. With such an arrangement the gun may be operated between a position pointing almost vertically down to a position pointing almost vertically up.
  • Powder ducts 27 and 28 cooperate to form a continuous section toward the outlet and, together with the arrangement of jet hole 31 and groove 29, comprise carrier means which carry and introduce a large amount of powder into the center of the flame at a very velocity. This velocity is so low as to be negligible in comparison with the velocity of gases of the flame. The result is that the acceleration of the particles takes place in the flame and through its hottest area. This results in thermal efficiency of a much higher order, as previously described. Materials of melting points as high as those of molybdenum, among the metals, and alumina and zir conia, among the ceramics, can be satisfactorily sprayed. Another result is substantially increased deposit efliciency.
  • the carrier gas carrying entrained finely divided solid material passes through its conduit and upon emergence from the nozzle diffuses outwardly into the flame at a rapid rate, so that finely divided solid material is fairly evenly distributed throughout the flame cross-section. With previous metal spray guns, this result was not achieved. With previous constructions the finely divided solid material was delivered to the center of the flame by the carrier gas in a sharply defined cone of carrier gas densely populated with material particles. Such a cone is illustrated schematically as 1401 in H6. 14, the nozzle being indicated at 1426 and the flame at 1402. In this case there is a sharp line of demarcation between the carrier gas cone 1401 and the flame 1402, indicated at 1403.
  • FIG. 15 The flame produced with the apparatus and method in accordance with this invention is represented schematically in FIG. 15, in which 1502 represents the flame and 1526 the nozzle. Carrier gas and entrained solid material particles are distributed through the flame, as illustrated in FIG. 15 by lines in the flame 1052.
  • material particles from the cone 1401 from FIG. 14 received very little heat until they left the tip of the cone. However, afcr reaching the cone tip, such particles are accelerated so rapidly by the flame that they have very little time in which to be heated thereafter. In the embodiment in accordance with this invention, such particles are introduced into the flame so that each particle is heated by the flame for a longer per od of time.
  • the function of the diffuser nozzle is not only to distribute the particles throughout the flame by diffusion of the carrier gas into the flame, but to accomplish this result without using more carrier gas and preferably by using less carrier gas. Additionally, the function of the diffuser nozzle is to accomplish these results and at the same time to reduce the velocity of the particles as they enter the flame.
  • the velocity of the various elements of the stream of the carrier gas is not constant across the stream cross-section. Due to skin friction, the velocity at the edges of the conduit will be materially less than the velocity in the center.
  • This uneven carrier gas velocity has many disadvantages. The velocity in the center may be too great, causing the particles to pass through the flame too rapidly, whereas the velocity at the edge of the flame, particularly at the bottom edge, may be too low to prevent particles from actually dropping out of the flame. It is this latter dropping out of the flame which frequently causes material to collect temporarily on the nozzle tip and thereafter be blown as spatter on to the work.
  • the construction in accordance with this invention corrects the diificulties that result from uneven carrier gas velocities by providing a substantially even velocity across the cross-section of the carrier gas stream a short distance beyond the nozzle tip.
  • Deposit efficiency is the ratio of weight of solid material fed into the gun to weight of material deposited on the base to be coated. Not only is the deposit efficiency improved by the construction in accordance with this invention, but the rate of spraying, as measured by pounds of material per hour, is increased with the same flame adjustments.
  • Example 1 Zirconia in finely divided powdered form is provided with a particle size of from 2 to 50 microns.
  • a gun in accordance with the preferred embodiment, as described above, and with a nozzle illustrated in FIGS. 10 and ii, is attached to a source of acetylene, at a pressure of i5 p.s.i. gauge and a source of oxygen gas at 20 p.s.i. gauge.
  • the powdered material is placed in the gun hopper.
  • the gun is lighted, as previously described, and the flame adjusted to be approximately neutral.
  • the carrier gas valve is opened to approximately 6 clicks of the detent.
  • a 4" square by /4" thick mild steel plate, which is to be coated on one surface, is first grit-blasted, using a 50%50% mixture of SAE G25 and SAE G40 steel grit, using a suction blast gun in the conventional manner and a blasting air pressure of approximately 80 p.s.i.
  • the clean surface of the plate is pre-heated, using the gun to a temperature of approximately 250 F.
  • the powder feed trigger of the gun is then operated to produce powder flow and the gun used to spray the coating of the alloy.
  • the gun nozzle is held about 6" from the surface of the plate.
  • the spraying speed was 2V2 pounds per hour of mate rial, and the deposit efficiency, which is the ratio of the weight of the solid material fed into the flame to the weight of the deposited coating, was 86%. A strong hard coating resulted.
  • the nozzle construction in accordance with this invention is highly satisfactory for spraying tinciy divided metals as well as ceramic materials.
  • sition is provided in powdered form, with particle size such that all will pass through a 120 mesh U.S. standard screen and not over 30% will pass through a 325 mesh US. standard screen:
  • a gun as described above and illustrated in the drawing is attached to a source of acetylene at a pressure of lbs. per square inch gauge and a source of oxygen gas at a pressure of lbs. per square inch gauge.
  • the powdered alloy is placed in the gun hopper.
  • the gun is lighted, as previously described, and the flame adjusted to be approximately neutral.
  • the carrier gas valve is opened to approximately 10 clicks of the detent.
  • a 4 square by /4-thick mild steel plate, which is to be coated on one surface, is first grit-blasted, using a 50%50% mixture of SAE G and SAE G steel grit, using a suction blast gun in the conventional manner and a blasting air pressure of approximately p.s.i.
  • the clean surface of the plate is pro-heated, using the gun to a temperature of approximately 250 F.
  • the powder feed trigger of the gun is then operated to produce powder flow and the gun used to spray the coating of the alloy.
  • the gun nozzle is held about 10" from the surface of the plate.
  • the coating which in this case will not get hotter than a few hundred degrees, is allowed to cool in air to near room temperature.
  • the surface is then ground to the desired thickness, using a silicon carbide wheel in the conventional manner.
  • a discharge nozzle defining a central conduit and means connected thereto adapted to supply a stream of gas-borne, finely divided, solid material thereto, a series of jets at least partially surrounding said central conduit, and means connected thereto adapted to supply a stream of combustible gas mi ure thereto to pro udce a sheath of flame at least par t. lly surrounding the projection of said central conduit, said central conduit terminating in a number of radially divergent passages to outwardly diffuse said stream of gas-borne solid material into the space occupied by said sheath.
  • a discharge nozzle defining a central conduit and means connected thereto adapted to supply a stream of gas-borne, finely divided, solid material thereto, a series of jets at least partially surrounding said central conduit, and means connected thereto adapted to supply a stream of combustible gas mixture thereto to produce a sheath of flame at least partially surrounding the projection of said central conduit, said central conduit terminating in a number of radially divergent passages to outwardly diffuse said stream of gas-borne solid material into the space occupied by said sheath, and comprising, in addition, air bleeder means extending from the side of said nozzle into the space at the discharge end of said nozzle between said central duct and said sheath adapted to aspirate air into said space.
  • a discharge nozzle defining a central conduit and means connected thereto adapted to supply a stream of gas-borne. finely divided. solid material thereto.
  • 21 series of jets at least partially surrounding said central conduit, and means connected thereto adapted to sup ply 21 stream of combustible gas mixture thereto to produce a sheath of flame at least partially surroundIng the projection of said central conduit, said central conduit terminating in a number of radially divergent passages to outwardly diffuse said stream of gas-borne solid material into the space occupied by said sheath, and comprising, in addition, an air hleeder including an annular groove UNITED STATES PATENTS Brierly May 19, 1953 Charlop et al Jan. 21, 1958 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain May 18, 1942 Great Britain Jan. 16, 1952

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
US653602A 1957-04-18 1957-04-18 Apparatus for applying heat-fusible coatings on solid objects Expired - Lifetime US3111267A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

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US653602A US3111267A (en) 1957-04-18 1957-04-18 Apparatus for applying heat-fusible coatings on solid objects
DEM37371A DE1247909B (de) 1957-04-18 1958-04-17 Duesenkoerper fuer Spritzpistolen
FR1205504D FR1205504A (fr) 1957-04-18 1958-04-18 Dispositif pour appliquer des revêtements fusibles sur des objets solides
US258092A US3266727A (en) 1957-04-18 1963-01-08 Apparatus for applying heat fusible coating on solid objects

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3228610A (en) * 1963-06-21 1966-01-11 Eutectic Welding Alloys Flame-spraying torch
US3266727A (en) * 1957-04-18 1966-08-16 Metallizing Engineering Co Inc Apparatus for applying heat fusible coating on solid objects
DE1247909B (de) * 1957-04-18 1967-08-17 Meteo Inc Duesenkoerper fuer Spritzpistolen
US3443754A (en) * 1966-11-14 1969-05-13 Metco Inc Construction for a powder-type flame spray gun
US3455510A (en) * 1966-11-14 1969-07-15 Metco Inc Nozzle and gas mixing arrangement for powder type flame spray gun
US3995811A (en) * 1975-05-22 1976-12-07 Eutectic Corporation Nozzle for depositing metal powder by spraying
DE2743567A1 (de) * 1977-09-28 1979-03-29 Castolin Sa Brennerduese fuer flammspritzgeraete
US4161555A (en) * 1978-04-06 1979-07-17 Eastside Machine & Welding, Inc. Flame spraying process for materials requiring fusion
US4546902A (en) * 1981-11-02 1985-10-15 Anderson James Y Apparatus for controlling the rate of fluent material
DE3422196A1 (de) * 1984-06-15 1985-12-19 Castolin Gmbh, 6239 Kriftel Duese fuer flammspritzbrenner
US5285967A (en) * 1992-12-28 1994-02-15 The Weidman Company, Inc. High velocity thermal spray gun for spraying plastic coatings
US5405085A (en) * 1993-01-21 1995-04-11 White; Randall R. Tuneable high velocity thermal spray gun
US5445325A (en) * 1993-01-21 1995-08-29 White; Randall R. Tuneable high velocity thermal spray gun
US5520334A (en) * 1993-01-21 1996-05-28 White; Randall R. Air and fuel mixing chamber for a tuneable high velocity thermal spray gun
US5544811A (en) * 1994-07-12 1996-08-13 Acoatings, Inc. Flame spray system and method of using the same
US20050082395A1 (en) * 2003-10-09 2005-04-21 Thomas Gardega Apparatus for thermal spray coating
US20080060574A1 (en) * 2006-09-13 2008-03-13 Xiom Corporation Powder coating spraying device

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2449479A1 (fr) * 1979-02-21 1980-09-19 Nippon Oxygen Co Ltd Bruleur pour revetement par pulverisation de poudre
FR2533020A1 (fr) * 1982-09-13 1984-03-16 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Embout de lance de gunitage a chaud
GB2170122B (en) * 1985-01-26 1988-11-30 Glaverbel Process of forming a refractory mass and lance for spraying particulate exothermically oxidisable material

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB664930A (de) * 1900-01-01
GB545275A (en) * 1941-04-01 1942-05-18 Charles Fletcher Lumb Improvements relating to spraying apparatus
US2638974A (en) * 1947-01-24 1953-05-19 Ralph C Brierly Fuel burner diffuser
US2820670A (en) * 1956-04-13 1958-01-21 Metallizing Engineering Co Inc Valve arrangement for heat-fusible material spray guns

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE882027C (de) * 1951-07-03 1953-08-03 Hans Biel Duese fuer Flammspritzgeraete
GB813343A (en) * 1955-10-21 1959-05-13 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Improvements in or relating to apparatus for the control of ducted fluids
US3111267A (en) * 1957-04-18 1963-11-19 Metco Inc Apparatus for applying heat-fusible coatings on solid objects

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB664930A (de) * 1900-01-01
GB545275A (en) * 1941-04-01 1942-05-18 Charles Fletcher Lumb Improvements relating to spraying apparatus
US2638974A (en) * 1947-01-24 1953-05-19 Ralph C Brierly Fuel burner diffuser
US2820670A (en) * 1956-04-13 1958-01-21 Metallizing Engineering Co Inc Valve arrangement for heat-fusible material spray guns

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3266727A (en) * 1957-04-18 1966-08-16 Metallizing Engineering Co Inc Apparatus for applying heat fusible coating on solid objects
DE1247909B (de) * 1957-04-18 1967-08-17 Meteo Inc Duesenkoerper fuer Spritzpistolen
US3228610A (en) * 1963-06-21 1966-01-11 Eutectic Welding Alloys Flame-spraying torch
US3443754A (en) * 1966-11-14 1969-05-13 Metco Inc Construction for a powder-type flame spray gun
US3455510A (en) * 1966-11-14 1969-07-15 Metco Inc Nozzle and gas mixing arrangement for powder type flame spray gun
US3995811A (en) * 1975-05-22 1976-12-07 Eutectic Corporation Nozzle for depositing metal powder by spraying
DE2743567A1 (de) * 1977-09-28 1979-03-29 Castolin Sa Brennerduese fuer flammspritzgeraete
US4161555A (en) * 1978-04-06 1979-07-17 Eastside Machine & Welding, Inc. Flame spraying process for materials requiring fusion
US4546902A (en) * 1981-11-02 1985-10-15 Anderson James Y Apparatus for controlling the rate of fluent material
DE3422196A1 (de) * 1984-06-15 1985-12-19 Castolin Gmbh, 6239 Kriftel Duese fuer flammspritzbrenner
US5285967A (en) * 1992-12-28 1994-02-15 The Weidman Company, Inc. High velocity thermal spray gun for spraying plastic coatings
US5405085A (en) * 1993-01-21 1995-04-11 White; Randall R. Tuneable high velocity thermal spray gun
US5445325A (en) * 1993-01-21 1995-08-29 White; Randall R. Tuneable high velocity thermal spray gun
US5520334A (en) * 1993-01-21 1996-05-28 White; Randall R. Air and fuel mixing chamber for a tuneable high velocity thermal spray gun
US5544811A (en) * 1994-07-12 1996-08-13 Acoatings, Inc. Flame spray system and method of using the same
US20050082395A1 (en) * 2003-10-09 2005-04-21 Thomas Gardega Apparatus for thermal spray coating
US7216814B2 (en) 2003-10-09 2007-05-15 Xiom Corp. Apparatus for thermal spray coating
US20080060574A1 (en) * 2006-09-13 2008-03-13 Xiom Corporation Powder coating spraying device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1205504A (fr) 1960-02-03
DE1247909B (de) 1967-08-17

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