US3105440A - Fuse - Google Patents

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Publication number
US3105440A
US3105440A US79462A US7946260A US3105440A US 3105440 A US3105440 A US 3105440A US 79462 A US79462 A US 79462A US 7946260 A US7946260 A US 7946260A US 3105440 A US3105440 A US 3105440A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fuse
projectile
cap
percussive device
plunger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US79462A
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English (en)
Inventor
Denoix Paul Emile
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Anstalt Fuer die Entwicklung von Erfindungen und Gewerblichen Anwendungen ENERGA
Original Assignee
Anstalt Fuer die Entwicklung von Erfindungen und Gewerblichen Anwendungen ENERGA
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Publication of US3105440A publication Critical patent/US3105440A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/10—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge
    • F42B12/105—Protruding target distance or stand-off members therefor, e.g. slidably mounted
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/10—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C1/00—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
    • F42C1/02—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze
    • F42C1/04—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze operating by inertia of members on impact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C1/00—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
    • F42C1/02—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze
    • F42C1/04—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze operating by inertia of members on impact
    • F42C1/06—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze operating by inertia of members on impact for any direction of impact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C1/00—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
    • F42C1/14—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact operating at a predetermined distance from ground or target by means of a protruding member

Definitions

  • the fuses heretofore proposed for use in hollow charge projectiles can be ⁇ divided into three ⁇ distinct categories, namely inertia base fuses, fuses functioning by compress-ion (possibly by compression and inertia) and electric fuses.
  • Inertia base fuses are, in general, only slightly sensitive and have, at impact, an appreciable delay in firing, especially lat large firing incidences, since they necessitate the braking or the stopping of the entire m-ass of the projectile before percussion. Attempts have been made to remedy these disadvantages by reinforcement of the lthe strength of the cap and of the body of the projectile which supports it with a view to reducing deformation of the projectile at impact Iand the ldelay in the functioning by inertia, but these arrangements involve an appreciable increase in weight with the disadvantages which relate thereto.
  • Percussive fuses which function by compression, or by compression and inertia, avoid, to a large extent, the aforementioned defects and can comprise very light plungers provided with a hard head of small size allowing the instantaneous functioning against armor-plating, even at large firing incidences.
  • a fuse primarily intended 'fo-r use in a hollow charge projectile and positioned in front of a char-ge, wherein the fuse comprises at least one percussive device yand tiring elements and wherein the percussive device comprises a peripheral collar of a diameter near to that of the projectile and having at its front an edge harder than current armor-plating, said collar being fixed on a rigid support of which the central part is adapted to contr-ol the action of one of the tiring elements on impact of the projectile against a target.
  • a tuse may be constructed of which the percussive 4device constitutes an assembly of mass small with respect to that of the projectile, this assembly being is capable of causing, at the center of the percussive device, a relative movement assuring the functioning of a detonator fuse and consequently the transmission of the iiriug .to a principal detonator 'for the explosive charge.
  • the peripheral collar of the 'fuse is constituted by 1a band of case-hardened steel, and can be force-iited, screwed, glued or set in a housing of the percussive device.
  • the percussive device is retained iannularly by at least one element deformable or shearable on impact so that only this device is stopped ⁇ on the target, the principal mass of the projectile maintaining its speed until percussion.
  • ln a particular embodiment of the invention, there can be added a system fused by a relay-detonator iixed :axially on a support integral with the projectile but independent of the detonat-ing fuse and the percussive device. lt results from this arrangement that, on impact, even if the detonating fuse is thrust obliquely by lthe relative movement of the percussive device, the transmission of the ⁇ tir-ing emanating yfromthe relay-detonator remains .centered along the axis of :the projectile.
  • a ballistic cap yformed in one or several parts of a generally cylindre-ogival form, acts as an annular support 'for the percussive device. This cap assures the protection of the Ifuse in case of lfall in the course of transportation and handling as well las its complete sealing.
  • an ⁇ annular setting of the cap possibly in zones or at points, retains the percuss-ive device in position; this setting can constitute, by itself, the deformable element which gives way on impact of the peripheral collar on the target.
  • the element deformable on impact is an enevelope with a generally cylindrical form which is fixed in front of the hollow charge yand which has a series of annular corrugations.
  • the fuse may be completely housed in a cylindrical part of a ballistic housing arranged on the -front of the projectile so that the ogival nose contributes to the safety in falling and a deformation of this, even ya substantial one, does not cause percussion.
  • the ogival nose constitutes at the same time, as shown by tests, a safety chamber the Wall of which does not ⁇ give way, under the force of an unforseen shock, to untimely functioning of the detonating fuse.
  • This characteristic added to the fact that the hollow charge projectile can comprise a supplementary safety device arranged behind the summit of the perforation cone, prevents bursting of the cap from reaching the firer or the gun crew, as would be possible in the absence of this arrangement.
  • the percussive device may be made independent from the ring elements so that the direction of displacement on impact of this device does not affect the axial movement of the plunger, the point of which remains directed towards the center of the fuse.
  • the plunger and the fuse-cap can be mounted at the top of a rigid support independent from the percussive device. If the projectile hits the target at a large 'angle of incidence, the percussive device tends to begin a movement of rotation ⁇ about a point diametrically opposite to that of the impact and contstitutes a lever the central part of which acts, in the manner of a push rod, on the plunger. The latter, guided and centered in the plunger ygate is only actuated by the axial component of the displacement of the percussive device.
  • the central part of the latter is arranged at a very small distance (l to 2 millimetres) from the head of the plunger.
  • the plunger and the fuse-cap may, on the contrary, be integral with the percussive devices, only a spacing member of synthetic plastic or elastic material retaining the detonating fuse at a suitable distance from the point of the plunger. rlhis arrangement gives the fuse a high sensitivity, since on impact it can function at the same time by compression and by inertia of the detoniating fuse which falls on the plunger. T he relaydetonator assures the axial transmission of the firing to the principal detonator.
  • the fuse of the present invention functions when the rojectile touches the target at any point whatsoever of its ogival cap and this even at a very large angle of incidence of impact. This characteristic results from the fact that the percussive device has a diameter near to that of the projectile, and from the fact that it is designed -to bite lmomentarily ⁇ into the target, thus to stay there fixed and stopped ywithout sliding or rebounding.
  • the mechanico-pyrotechnic assembly l is such that it functions whatever may be the direction of the displacement of the percussive device on impact, with respect to the axis of the projectile, the percussive device necessarily causing, by one of the aforementioned means, the axial transmission of the ring to the principal detonator.
  • the percussive device instead 'of being supported by the ballistic cap of the projectile is retained on a supplementary interior cap by an annular flange of ⁇ small strength which is deformable or shearable on impact.
  • an annular flange of ⁇ small strength which is deformable or shearable on impact.
  • the plunger which is of Very small mass, can be either integral with the percussive device or independent thereof.
  • the plunger is centered and suspended, with regard to the detonating fuse, by at least one element, for example a washer shearable or deformable under the action ofthe percussive device which, at the impact, knocks against the head of the plunger.
  • a prepiheral space is provided between the wall of the fusecap and the plunger so that during the operation, the latter is not submitted to any rubbing.
  • a safety system is incorporated in the fuse, the safety system being retractable at the beginning of the yshot and, until then, being interposed between the plunger and the central part of the percussive device.
  • the safety system can be constituted by an assembly of cylindrical segments housed in an annular inertia block, the said segments being thrust radially towards the exterior by an opposed member, such as a spring or the like.
  • an opposed member such as a spring or the like.
  • the ballistic cap may surround the percussive fuse, and with a view to increasing las much as possible the incidence of functioning of the percussive device, the cap must at least comprise an annular zone of small thickness and strength in front of the peripheral collar. It results from this that, on impact, the said cap is easily crushed at its point of contact with the target and that the peripheral collar, thus uncovered, bites into the target.
  • the percussive device can be effectively integral with a case containing the fuse-cap, the said case being engaged in the anterior part of the ballistic cap. If the fuse is further provided with a r'elay-detonator,
  • FIG. 1 is an axial section of a hollow charge projectile provided with a fuse
  • FIG. 2 shows in axial section part of a modification of the hollow charge projectile shown in FIG. l
  • FiG. 3 shows on an enlarged scale and in axial section a detail of FIG. 2,
  • FiG. 4 shows in axial section a modification of the projectile shown in FiG. 2,
  • HG. 5 shows in axial section another modification of the projectile shown in FIG. 2,
  • FiG. 6 shows in axial section a detail of FIG. 5, and
  • FiGS. 7 to l0 illustrate schematically the functioning of the fuse in the hollow charge projectile.
  • a hollow charge projectile comprising an envelope 1, in the interior of which is disposed an explosive charge 2 and a metallic cone 3 lining the cavity of said charge.
  • a support i with a generally conical form is fixed at its base 5 on the periphery of the hollow charge, and is provided at its center with a fuse-cap 6 in which there is screwed at a detonating fuse 8.
  • a washer 9, set in the head of the fuse-cap 6, retains a plunger 10 of very small mass, the position of which is at a suitable distance from the detonating fuse, a peripheral space 11 occurring between the plunger l@ and the fuse-cap 6.
  • the percussive device comprises a plate or support l2, of light metal, which has a diameter close to that of the caliber of the projectile and which has an annular housing in which is force-fitted a peripheral collar 13 which, however, may alternatively be crimped or glued in position.
  • the collar 13, which is made, for example, of case-hardened steel, is provided at the front with an edge 1d intended to bite into the target on impact by incidence.
  • An interior cap 15 concentric with the support 4 supports the percussive device through the intermediary of an annular piece i6 retained by crimping at 17 on the cap i5'.
  • Tongues i8 integral with the piece 16 and folded back at a right angle towards the outside, support the percussive device at its base.
  • a ballistic cap 20 of small thickness the rear part of which completely surrounds the fuse and is cylindrical, whilst the forward part of the cap 2t) is ogival.
  • the cap Zu can be fixed on the projectile by crimping of the envelope 1 at 21. It will be noted moreover that a small annular space is provided between the percussive device 12, 13 and the ballistic cap 20 so that the latter plays the role of a protection member for the fuse.
  • the ballistic cap is formed in two parts, an ogival part 22 and a cylindrical part 23, and supports the percussive device.
  • An annular crimping 24 (possibly in zones or at points) of the ogival part 22 in a peripheral groove of a plate 2S, retains the percussive device in position.
  • the crimping 2li itself constitutees, in this modification, the deformable element which gives way on impact of the peripheral collar 13 on the target.
  • the fuse inclundes a safety system retractable at the start of the shot and, up till then, interposed between a plunger 26 and a central part 27 of the percussive device.
  • This system is constituted by an assembly of segments 28 housed in an annular inertia block 29 having elastic tongues 39 engaging the segments 2S.
  • the segments 28, the bases of which rest on an anterior edge 31 of a fuse-cap 32, are thrust radially towards the exterior by a spring or like member 33.
  • the inertia block 29 falls back and its tongues 39 free the segments 2S which are forced aside laterally under the effect of the spring 33 so that the fuse is armed.
  • a plunger 55 and a fuse-cap 56 are mounted on a percussive device comprising a plate or first rigid support 5ft, and a peripheral collar 57, a spring 59 retaining a detonating fuse or primer 69 at a suitable distance from the plunger.
  • the faces of the active edge of the peripheral collar 57 preferably form an angle of 90.
  • the fuse shown in FIG. 4 can function at one and the same time by compression of the percussive device 57, ⁇ 5S and by inertia of the primer 60 which falls on the plunger 55.
  • the peripheral collar 57 is external to the'ogival cap 61 so that it directly contacts the target on impact of the projectile.
  • the support ⁇ S8 of the percussive device comprises towards the from an annular extension 62 into a groove of which there is set at 63 the base of a cap 61.
  • the element deformable on impact is constituted by ,a cylindrical envelope 64 which is provided with corrugations 65 and which carries the percussive device 57, S.
  • a relay-detonator 66 is fixed axially on a second support 67 mounted on the projectile, but independent from the percussive device 57, 5S of the detonator fuse 6! and the plunger 55. It results from this arrangement that, on impact of the peripheral collar S7 on the target, the transmission of fire emanating from the relay-detonator 66 remains centered along the axis of the projectile, even if the fuse 60 is thrust obliquely by the relative movement of the percussive device 57,58.
  • a removable hood 64a for example of plastic material (shown in-dot-dash lines in FIG. 4), covers the anterior part of the projectile and provides supplementary protection for the fuse.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show a modifictaion ofy the fuse shown in FIG. 4, and in this modification the firing members, namely, a plunger 68, a fuse 69 and a relay-detonator 79 are easily removable.
  • the primer-holder 71 is xedly secured in one end of a case 72 screwed axially on the percussive device.
  • the case 72 which is open at the front, is engaged in an orifice in a cap 73 and is centered 'by a rim 74 defining the orifice in the cap.
  • a plug 75 for example of plastic material, blocks the open end of the case 72 and assures the sealing of the fuse.
  • the primer-holder 71 is linked to t-he relay-detonator 70 through a flexible connecting member 76, fixed at 77 on the primer-holder 71 and at 78 on a collar 79l into which there is screwed the relay-detonator 70.
  • the collar 79 is fixed and centered inthe axial part 0f a second support 80 of conico-cylindrical form.
  • the connecting element 76 is sufficiently fiexible and deformable for the relay 70 supported by the support 89 to remain centered and oriented in the axis of the projectile, even if the fuse 69 is thrust obliquely by the impact of the percussive device.
  • FIG. 6 shows on a larger scale, the fuse-cap 71 in front of which there is set the head of the plunger 68.
  • the detonating fuse 69 is retained in a truncated housingV 82 by a spring or spacing element 83 lthe lower Spiral of which bears 011 the annular rim 84 of a ceu,-
  • the peripheral space between the f-use 69 and the wall of the housing 32 limits rubbing and facilitates the travel of said primer on impact of the projectile.
  • FIGS. 7, 8, 9 and 10 illustrate schematically the functioning of a fuse according to the invention:
  • the latter in fact remains centered along the axis of the projectile, since it is mounted on an independent support which does not undergo any action of the percussive device.
  • the fuse operates equally on the ground, on a soft target (earth, mud, ete), as shown in FIG. 9 since the mass of the percussive device is very small with respect to that of the projectile and for this reason has a negligible inertia on impact.
  • the safety of the fuse in the course of transportation and handling, is assured by the ogival ballistic cap 92 which, in the case of the projectile falling on its lhead, can be deformed to a sufficient extent (FIG. l0) without interaction with the percussive device.
  • the envelope 98 on which the percussive device is fixed is more resistant than the cap 92 so that only the latter is deformed in the case when the projectile falls onto the ogival cap.
  • the fuse is shown in the head of hollow charge projectiles (rie grenades, or rockets), but it can also be mounted on different projectiles such as anti-personnel grenades, or incendiaries.
  • a fuse mechanism for mounting on the front of a hollow oharge projectile comprising a deformable cylindrical envelope the base of which is mounted on the projectile, a rigid support on the envelope and 'an ogival cap on said support, said support having a peripheral hardened collar with a diameter approximately that of the envelope, a primer-holder centrally mounted on said support, a truncated housing in said primer-holder, said housing having a narrow base, a primer in said primerholder, said primer resting on the narrow base of said holder, a plunger rigidly mounted on the primer-holder,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Telescopes (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
US79462A 1960-01-29 1960-12-29 Fuse Expired - Lifetime US3105440A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH97260 1960-01-29

Publications (1)

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US3105440A true US3105440A (en) 1963-10-01

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US79462A Expired - Lifetime US3105440A (en) 1960-01-29 1960-12-29 Fuse

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US (1) US3105440A (fr)
CH (1) CH361742A (fr)
DK (1) DK109312C (fr)
ES (1) ES263730A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB914992A (fr)
LU (1) LU39581A1 (fr)
NL (2) NL123882C (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3922967A (en) * 1974-03-29 1975-12-02 Avco Corp Closed-breech-gun-fired rocket-assisted projectile
US5081929A (en) * 1989-10-12 1992-01-21 Mertens William J Projectile having a movable interior fuze
US20070028792A1 (en) * 2004-11-03 2007-02-08 Josef Bissig Impact part of a projectile

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1595412A (fr) * 1968-12-19 1970-06-08

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2030085A (en) * 1934-02-07 1936-02-11 David L Woodberry Point-detonating fuse for projectiles
GB577815A (en) * 1939-07-26 1946-06-03 Robert Constantine Graseby Improvements in strikers for piercing diaphragms, detonating explosives, and similarpurposes
GB582660A (en) * 1937-10-23 1946-06-06 William Herbert Hatfield Improvements in or relating to armour-piercing shells
GB614381A (en) * 1944-02-10 1948-12-14 Energa Armour piercing explosive projectiles
US2514401A (en) * 1942-08-17 1950-07-11 Us Sec War Land mine
DE867367C (de) * 1950-08-05 1953-02-16 Die Entwicklung Von Erfindunge UEbungsgeschoss fuer Abschusswaffen von Selbstvortriebsgeschossen
US2977882A (en) * 1956-04-05 1961-04-04 Brandt Soc Nouv Ets Projectile fuze

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2030085A (en) * 1934-02-07 1936-02-11 David L Woodberry Point-detonating fuse for projectiles
GB582660A (en) * 1937-10-23 1946-06-06 William Herbert Hatfield Improvements in or relating to armour-piercing shells
GB577815A (en) * 1939-07-26 1946-06-03 Robert Constantine Graseby Improvements in strikers for piercing diaphragms, detonating explosives, and similarpurposes
US2514401A (en) * 1942-08-17 1950-07-11 Us Sec War Land mine
GB614381A (en) * 1944-02-10 1948-12-14 Energa Armour piercing explosive projectiles
DE867367C (de) * 1950-08-05 1953-02-16 Die Entwicklung Von Erfindunge UEbungsgeschoss fuer Abschusswaffen von Selbstvortriebsgeschossen
US2977882A (en) * 1956-04-05 1961-04-04 Brandt Soc Nouv Ets Projectile fuze

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3922967A (en) * 1974-03-29 1975-12-02 Avco Corp Closed-breech-gun-fired rocket-assisted projectile
US5081929A (en) * 1989-10-12 1992-01-21 Mertens William J Projectile having a movable interior fuze
US20070028792A1 (en) * 2004-11-03 2007-02-08 Josef Bissig Impact part of a projectile
US7273010B2 (en) * 2004-11-03 2007-09-25 Saab Bofors Dynamics Switzerland Ltd. Impact part of a projectile

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB914992A (en) 1963-01-09
CH361742A (fr) 1962-04-30
NL123882C (fr)
NL260236A (fr)
ES263730A1 (es) 1961-03-16
DK109312C (da) 1968-04-08
LU39581A1 (fr) 1961-02-23

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