US3101861A - Vessel for transporting low temperature liquids - Google Patents

Vessel for transporting low temperature liquids Download PDF

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Publication number
US3101861A
US3101861A US170554A US17055462A US3101861A US 3101861 A US3101861 A US 3101861A US 170554 A US170554 A US 170554A US 17055462 A US17055462 A US 17055462A US 3101861 A US3101861 A US 3101861A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
shell
insulating material
tank
insulation material
thermal insulation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US170554A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Iii William Mearns
John R Peet
Fred H Stracke
Ingar T Tobye
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
Original Assignee
Exxon Research and Engineering Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL268332D priority Critical patent/NL268332A/xx
Priority to US99011A priority patent/US3031856A/en
Priority to GB7499/65A priority patent/GB1000298A/en
Priority claimed from GB2856661A external-priority patent/GB1000297A/en
Application filed by Exxon Research and Engineering Co filed Critical Exxon Research and Engineering Co
Priority to US170554A priority patent/US3101861A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3101861A publication Critical patent/US3101861A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0325—Aerogel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0337—Granular
    • F17C2203/0341—Perlite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0345—Fibres
    • F17C2203/035—Glass wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0354—Wood
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0375—Thermal insulations by gas
    • F17C2203/0379—Inert
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0607—Coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0338—Pressure regulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/035—Flow reducers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0178—Arrangement in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0626—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/032—Avoiding freezing or defrosting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/033—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer by enhancing insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/036—Treating the boil-off by recovery with heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/038—Treating the boil-off by recovery with expanding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/901—Liquified gas content, cryogenic

Definitions

  • VESSEL FOR TRANSPORTING LOW TEMPERATURE LIQUIDS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed Aug. 17. 1960 1I 4 2 0 I 2 u I I m w F w I o I m m m I3 3 3 3 I 2 T T T T I F F F F I B B B I L L L L I 5 5 4 4 I 8 I I4 O O O o O O o o W. n v 8 6 4 2 wn mmmm. .w
  • the present invention relates to means for transporting low temperature liquids in bulk. It relates particularly to ship means for bulk transportation of relatively low temperature liquids; It relates more particularly to a vessel or tank ship construction suitable for bulk trans portation of relatively low temperature liquids at substantially atmospheric pressure, and it relates still more particularly to a vessel or tank ship construction suitable for bulk transportation at substantially atmospheric pressure of liquid materials having normal (atmospheric) boiling points down to about 75 F.
  • balsa wood and cork in the form of rather sizcable blocks or slabs. These materials are reasonably effective as thermal insulators, but in the form applied or proposed to be applied make for a rather expensive construction. This is so not only because balsa wood and cork are not particularly inexpensive on a volume basis, but also because of the carpentry and joiner Work necessary for proper fitting of the insulation segments to the metal tank shell and to each other.
  • a liner or inner tank shell is placed within the insulating blocks.
  • One possibility known to the prior art for creation of this inner tank shell is to have it made of aluminum or another metal such as stainless steel retaining a significant impact re sistance property at low temperatures.
  • an inner tank shell of suitable metallic material is the only practical possibility.
  • the inner tank shell may be non-metallic and susceptible of easier handling and installation than a metal.
  • the insulation material may be other and less expensive than and at least as easily installed as the balsa or cork of the prior art.
  • While the present invention is applicable, within limits, to use in the storage and transportation of liquefied hydrocarbons generally, it is particularly suitable for use in the handling and shipment of those hydrocarbon materials which exist as liquids at temperatures at least somewhat below normal temperatures, but which have normal boiling points not lower than about -75 F. These materials include but are not limited to the following:
  • tank structures of the type with which the present invention is concerned and which are adapted for installation in marine vessels include a first or outer tank shell of rigid and most likely metallic material, and a. plastic insulating material lining the interior of this tank shell and preferably sprayed in place with an incorporated expanding or foaming medium of suitable kind.
  • the inner surface of the outer tank shell, whether this shell be of metal, plastic, or other material, may desirably be sprayed with a suitable primer before application of the foamed plastic insulation thereonto to prevent oxidation thereof and improve adhesion of the foam.
  • the foamed plastic employed as an insulating material should be one which develops a tough surface skin which is relatively impermeable by most hyrocarbons, and may be capable of serving as the second or inner tank shell to contain the cold cargo liquid.
  • the insulating material may also include a fire retardant material or be inherently fire retardant, and it is preferred and may be required to apply to the sprayed foam plastic an extra protective film or coating on its inner surface to scrvc as or at least be a substantial part of the aforementioned second tank shell.
  • a plastic or synthetic rubber coating may be used which is of enhanced impermeability by the liquid and vaporous hydrocarbons contained within the tank structure. This extra film or coating should also be one which provides superior resistance to mechanical damage in comparison with the surface skin of the insulating material alone.
  • the general structure just described may be used with the added element of a layer of balsa wood or cork applied next to the inner surface of the outer tank shell, that is, between this shell and the foamed plastic insulation which will be applied directly or by means of a bonding agent to the inner surface of the added element.
  • balsa wood or cork layer will itself serve as insulating material of a relatively rigid nature. Use of this conventional insulating material will also tend to lower the mean temperature of the foamed plastic insulation sprayed or blown upon it. Reduction of temperature of plastic foam materials generally will increase their compressive strengths for a given foam density. Accordingly. use of the aforementioned balsa or cork insulation against the inner surface of the outer tank shell will usually allow a reduction in density of the next-adjacent foam insulation for a desired strength of the latter insulation to resist static and dynamic loading.
  • the present invention has several advantages. First the cost of installation of the insulation arrangement provided according to it is substantially less than the cost of fitting block or individually molded segments of insulating material within a tank or vessel shell. Second, a structurally and thermally superior insulation arrangement is obtained in that void spaces. poorly fitted joints, and ditlicult corner junctures which may occur with traditional block or slab type insulation are avoided. Third, whenever repairs to the insulation are needed they may be ctlectcd easily by a spraying operation rather than by resort having to be had to carpentry or joiner work.
  • FIG. 1 represents a view looking forward in transverse sectional elevation through a marine vessel having an insulated tank for cold cargo liquids therewithin constructed according to this invention
  • FIG. 2 represents a view similar to that of FIG. 1 of a portion of the wall of an insulated tank for cold cargo liquids constructed according to :1 modification of this invention.
  • FIG. 3 represents a graphic portrayal of compressive strength properties at 70 F. and 120 F. of two foamed plastic materials suitable for use as thermal insulation in at least some applications.
  • a marine vessel configured more or less similarly to a conventional tank ship is designated 10.
  • Ship It is characterized by a main deck 12, bottom plating 14. and port and starboard shell plating 16 and 18.
  • Extending fore and aft within the ship are longitudinal bulkheads 20 and 22. I hese will go to or through transverse bulkheads which will be located at suitable intervals along the length of the ship.
  • the structural items of deck, bulkheads, shell plating. and bottom plating so far designated will serve to define at least two port and starboard wing tank spaces such as 24 and 26.
  • These wing tanks may be used for storage of materials which are ordinarily liquids at atmospheric conditions of temperature and pressure. Such liquids would include various crude pctroleums and petroleum distillates.
  • the central part of the vessel includes at least one compartment such as 28 which is bounded fore and aft by the aforementioned transverse bulkheads, and laterally by longitudinal bulkheads 2t) and 22.
  • compartment 28 there is located at least one tank structure for the storage of cold liquid cargo materials.
  • This tank structure includes a first or outer metal shell member 30. a second or inner non-metallic shell 32 in non-contacting relation to the outer shell, and thermal insulation material 34 substantially filling the region between the two shells.
  • a cold liquid storage volume 36 is defined within the inner shell 32.
  • the centerline vertical keel of tank ship 10 is designated 38. This is surmounted by a platform structure 40 which is otherwise suitably supported and braced, and which provides immediate support for the tank structure of which shell member 30 defines the outer boundary.
  • the tank structure may be secured on platform 40 by any appropriate and customary means. proper allowance being made for dimensional changes due to thermal effects.
  • outer shell member 30 Primary location of outer shell member 30 with respect to the hull structure of ship 10 is, of course, ellected by its seating and securing on platform structure 40. To prevent undue sway of this shell, however, with rolling of the ship it is held transversely centered by such means as buffer brackets 42 and 44 secured to longitudinal bulkheads 20 and 22 near the top of the tank shell. These brackets have no effect of restricting movement of the tank structure due to temperature changes, for they are not actually fastened to outer tank shell 30 but simply bear relatively lightly against it. Each of these brackets may be a composite structure including a facing member of relatively soft bufiing material such as rubber or wood whercwith actual contact with outer shell member 30 is intended to be effected. Facing members 46 and 48 of this nature are designated as parts of the structures of brackets 42 and 44 respectively.
  • outer shell 30 will be of steel. Being internally insulated, this steel may be of a low carbon. relatively inexpensive grade. It may of course be of a stainless or other high alloy grade, but the particularly beneficial properties of these considerably more expensive steels will not have significant opportunity of development in the course of such use.
  • outer tank shell 39 On its interior bottom surface, outer tank shell 39 is fitted with a series of structural elements such as inverted T-beams 50 which support a steel plate 52. and this in turn supports the bottom layer of thermal insulation material 34 with which outer shell member 30 is lined.
  • the heat path from bottom plating 14 of ship 10 to any cold liquid cargo in tank space 36 will be a ditficult one, not only because of the bottom layer of insulation material 34 but also because of the limited cross sectional area of the webs of T-beams 50 normal to the direction of heat flow.
  • the sprayed foam plastic insulating material 34 substantially completely lines the inner surface of outer tank shell 30 and/or plate 52 if this plate is in fact used to provide an inner bottom for the tank shell.
  • insulating material 34 be capable of withstanding substantial static and dynamic pressures over a fairly wide range of temperatures.
  • the insulating material should be capable of withstanding static pressure of at least 10 and preferably 14 pounds per square inch from the stored liquid without significant crushing, even in the face of a superimposed dynamic pressure of equal amount.
  • insulating material 34 should be capable of withstanding a total pressure in the range of 20-28 p.s.i.
  • the insulating material should be capable of withstanding such pressure throughout a range of temperatures extending from as 120 F. to at least as low as 75 F.
  • insulating material 34 In addition to possessing definite mechanical strength, especially in compression, insulating material 34 must of course offer a great degree of resistance to the flow of heat therethrough. Preferably, in keeping with working regulations of the United States Coast Guard, insulating material 34 in the thickness applied should not permit a heat flux in excess of 0.075 B.t.u. per hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit temperature differential (0.075 B.t.u.-hr. -ft.- Fr
  • an insulating material particularly desirable for use will be a polyurethane foam prepared by mixing a suitable resin, usually a polyester or a polycther, with a diisocyanate, and appropriate catalyst, and an expanding agent or a reactant from which an expanding agent may be generated.
  • a suitable resin usually a polyester or a polycther
  • an expanding agent or a reactant from which an expanding agent may be generated for example, if a polyester resin, to]uene-2,4-diisocyanate, and a catalyst such as trimethylamine are mixed with water there will be a release of carbon dioxide gas as a reaction byproduct, and this gas will serve as the expanding agent to foam the plastic material as it is deposited on the interior surface of outer tank shell 30.
  • the expanding agent may be added as a mixture ingredient and carried through the mixing steps and any associated reactions with itself :being changed only in physical rather than chemical'condition.
  • the expanding agent will be changed from the liquid to the vaporous or gaseous ntate.
  • a halogenated hydocrabon such as one of the Freons marketed by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. will be suitable as an expanding agent, and is specifically preferred for purposes of this invention.
  • the reason for this preference is that of the significantly lower coefficient of thermal conductivity or K" factor of a Freon-expanded polyurethane foam in respect of that of the same material expanded by carbon dioxide to the same density.
  • the halogenated hydrocarbon known technically as trichloromonofluoromethane and known and sold commcrically as Freon-11 is especially satisfactory for use as an expanding of foaming agent, this material in liquid from being substituted as a mixture ingredient for the water mentioned above.
  • the polyester, the diisocyanate, and the catalyst will react exothermically as they are mixed. and the heat so released will vaporize the liquid Frcon-ll which has a boiling point of about 75 F. at a pressure of 1 atm.
  • the plastic material Upon this vaporization of the Freon-ll, the plastic material will be expanded rapidly into foamed form, and it will cure quickly at room or normal atmospheric temperatures to provide a good in- 6 sulating structure having a dense and relatively impermeable surface film or. skin.
  • This skin will define the inner boundary of insulating material 34 as this material is applied to the inner surface of outer tank shell 30, assuming that a polyurethane material is in fact used,
  • Insulating material 34 may. accordingly. simply be blown onto the interior surface of outer tank shell 30 to build up on this surface and on itself to the desired thickness. about 2V2 to 3 /2 inches. without the erection of any forms or molds.
  • the interior surface of this shell should be cleaned of at least mill scale, oil, and paint prior to the blowing on of insulating material 34, this material expanding to a foamed condition as and after it strikes the tank surface. Suitable cleaning of the interior surface of the tank may be effected by sand blasting. After such cleaning. an adhesive primer of any appropriate nature may be applied to the inner surface of outer tank shell 39 if desired.
  • Density of the plastic material constituting the thermal insulation of the tank structure shown in FIG. 1 may be controlled by changes in formulation. and may range from less than 2 to more than 50 pounds per cubic foot in the expanded or foamed condition.
  • the problem of crushing of insulating material 34 has been mentioned already. Such crushing, if it takes place, may be not only of a sudden nature upon application to the insulating material of a breaking compressive load. but also of a quite gradual nature as in the case of compressive creep. In order to hold creep deformation of the insulating material Within tolerable limits, that is, hold it short of crushing to eventual failure, a minimum compressive strength of psi. will often be desired for the thermal insulation of tanks in the sizes contemplated to be constructed according to this invention.
  • the minimum practical density for insulating material 34 in the foamed condition will be about 5 lbs./ft.
  • plastic foams having densities less than 5 lbs./ft. and correspondingly reduced compressive strengths.
  • a second or inner tank shell 32 is formed or fitted onto the interior surface or tough inner skin of insulating material 34 to define the cold liquid storage volume 36.
  • shell member 32 will be fabricated of non-metallic material.
  • An eminently suitable material for inner tank shell 32 is a polyester film known commercially as Mylar, and manufactured by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & co.
  • This film is essentially a highly durable, transparent, water and hydrocarbon insoluble polyethylene tercphthalate resin. It is characterized by outstanding strength and chemical inertness. It is characterized further by a high degree of flexibility even at temperatures well below -75 F.
  • Mylar is available in thicknesses up to about ten mils (0.01"). and in strip widths up to about 54 inches. Strips of this material may be joined to each other by butt fusing or welding upon coating them with bcnzyl alcohol and subsequently making application of heat as from a hot iron. or by lapping and the use of a suitable adhesive material.
  • inner tank shell 32 when inner tank shell 32 is made of polyester film it may be given any desired Wall thickness by cementing together in superimposed relation a plurality of film sheets. Such cementing may be I cltltl by an epoxy compound or other suitable adht e. likewise. any convenient degree of prefabrication of the polyester film inner tank shell 32 may be carried out depending upon the construction sequence chosen for erection of the cold cargo liquid storage tank. Such piefabrieation would be in contrast to laying up indiwidual inner tank shell panels of polyester or Mylar film after the cold cargo liquid storage tank had been substantially completed otherwise.
  • cargo vent conduit 54 extending from cargo liquid space 36.
  • cargo liquid filling conduit 56 extending into cargo liquid space 36.
  • steam turbine or other prime mover 58 whcrefrom sleeve 60 extends downwurdly to a deep well pump 62 near the bottom of cargo liquid space 36.
  • this sleeve containing the turbine power transmitting means such as shafting of conventional nature for pump 62. and also containing the discharge line of pump 62 whercthrough cargo liquid is removed from tank space 36.
  • Cargo vent conduit 54 intended to carry cold gase or vapors. and cargo liquid filling conduit 56 intended to carry cold liquids are provided with thermal insulation coverings 64 and 66 respectively.
  • each conduit and sleeve element passing through main deck 12 will each have a fixed point at the deck level. Consistent with this, it will be desirable that each such element be flexibly connected to the tank structure of this invention to allow for dimens onal changes in connected parts owing to changes in their temperatures. for example. Flexible connections of the kind desired may be effected through bellows joints, and ha e been so made for purposes of illustration.
  • the bellows ioint structure associated with pump sleeve 60 will be identified and discussed in particular as being representative of all such joint structures shown in FIG. 1.
  • Sleeve 60 passes through the material of the outer and inner tank shells 30 and 32 with ample clearance. but is ioincd to these two shcll members with bellows elements 68 and 70 rcspc:tively.
  • Bellows 68 will preferably be of metal for attachment in any suitable manner to the outer tank shell 30 and pump sleeve 60 which will both be fabricated of metal.
  • Bellows 70 will preferably be of polyester film for separate attachment to inner tank shell 32 as shown by a suitable cement. or for integral formation with the inner tank shell. Securing of bellows 70 to pump sleeve 60 is shown as effected by a clamping ring 72.
  • the polyester film Mylar is an eminently suitable material for inner tank shell 32.
  • This tank shell may, however, be formed of other non-metallic materials if desired.
  • One other material suitable for fabrication of the inner tank shell is a plastic coating composition known as Plasite No. 9120" which is sold commercially by Wisconsin Protective Coating Corp. of Green Bay. Wis. This composition is formulated of epoxy resin. asphalt. phenolic resin, polyamide, and a suitable curing agent. It has been demonstrated to be impermeable by liquid propane under pressure for extended periods of time.
  • Plasite No. 9120 may be spread by any convenient apparatus onto the tough skin or inner surface of polyurethanc insulating material 34 to a finite thickness, :1 thickness of 60 mils (0.060") for example. and allowed to set and cure to form a tank shell structure in and of itself.
  • a separate Mylar bellows and clamping ring such as 70 and 72 discussed already can be used to make the final joint to pump sleeve 60, the bellows being cemented to the Plasite inncr tank shell by any suitable adhesive agent.
  • the cold cargo liquid tank wall structure shown therein is identical to that shown in FIG. 1 except that a relatively thin layer of blocks or slabs of balsa wood or cork or other at least semi-rigid insulation 74 has been applied next to the inner surface of outer tank shell 30 with the polyurethane foam material 34 being sprayed upon it in turn.
  • a relatively thin layer of blocks or slabs of balsa wood or cork or other at least semi-rigid insulation 74 has been applied next to the inner surface of outer tank shell 30 with the polyurethane foam material 34 being sprayed upon it in turn.
  • the blocks or slabs which it comprises should be rather carefully fitted and secured by appropriate means to the inner surface of outer tank shell 30. This fitting. although it should be careful, will be much easier and less expensive for thin layer 74 than it would be for a full balsa wood or cork insulation system.
  • the two foamed plastic materials tested for determination of their compressive strength properties were Freon-expanded polyurethanes. As noted by legends, one material was expanded to a density of 4.5 lbs/ft. while the other, with less expansion, had a density of 5.] lbs./ft. Compressive tests were carried out in a standard laboratory testing machine which strained the test specimens at the rate of approximately 0.05 in./min. As noted further in the legends, tests on material of each density were carried out at about 70 F. and about F. The latter and somewhat elevated temperature was achieved and maintained by a heating chamber enclosing the test specimens in place in the testing machine.
  • Material specimens of each density tested at about 70 F. were rectangular blocks having dimensions of approximately 3 in. x 3 in. x l in. Those of each density tested at about l20 F. were likewise rectangular blocks but with the somewhat different dimensions of approximately 2 in. x 2 in. x l in. In all tests the specimens were strained in compression on their shortest dimensions. Load readings taken from the machine were converted to stress values on the basis of loaded areas of the specimens, and strain or deflection readings in absolute values were converted to proportional values on the basis of the original values of the strained dimensions of the specimens.
  • the tank structure of this invention is considered to be highly useful for the storage and transportation of hydrocarbon liquids which are at least moderately cold. its utility is not, however, restricted to employment with hydrocarbons only, but rather extends to employment with at least somewhat refrigerated liquids generally. For example. it is contemplated that the tank structure of this invention will be suitable for the storage and transportation of ammonia, chlorine, some Freons, etc., in liquid state.
  • a thermally insulated tank structure for containing low temperature liquids.
  • said tank structure being adapted for installation in marine vessels and comprising (1) a first shell member of a material which is subject to at least some reduction in its impact resistance property at the normal low temperature of said liquid, (2) a relatively thin layer of a first thermal insulation material in substantially continuous contact with the inner surface of said first shell member, said first thermal insulation material being at least semi-rigid and applied to said inner surface of said first shell member in block form, (3) a layer of substantial thickness of a second thermal insulation material in substantially continuous contact with the inner surface of said first thermal insulation material, said second thermal insulation material consisting essentially of polyurethane applied to said inner surface of said first insulation material in sprayed form and expanded to a foamed condition by the vapor of a halogenated hydrocarbon. and (4) a second shell member of a plastic, nonmetallic material in substantially continuous contact with 10 the inner surface of said second insulation material, said second shell member defining a low temperature liquid storage volume within its own inner surface.
  • a thermally insulated tank structure in which said first shell member consists essentially of a low carbon steel and said second shell member consists essentially of a formulation of epoxy resin. asphalt. phenolic resin, polyamide, and a curing agent therefor.
  • thermoly insulated tank structure according to claim in which said second thermal insulation material has a compressive strength of at least psi.
  • a marine vessel for bulk transportation of low temperature liquids comprising a basic structural hull and at least one tank structure mounted in said hull and occupying a substantial portion of the interior volume thereof, said tank structure including (1) a shell member of a metallic material, (2) a relatively thin layer of a first thermal insulation material in substantially continuous contact with the inner surface of said shell member, said first thermal insulation material being at least semi-rigid and applied to said inner surface of said first shell member in block form, and (3) a layer of substantial thickness of a second thermal insulation material in substantially continuous contact with the inner surface of said first thermal insulation material, said second thermal insulation material consisting essntially of polyurethane applied to said inner surface of said first insulation material in sprayed form and expanded to a foamed condition by the vapor of a halogenated hydrocarbon, and characterized by a tough skin at its own inner surface which is relatively impermeable by liquid and vaporous hydrocarbon materials.
  • a marine vessel according to claim 9 in which said metallic material is a low carbon steel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US170554A 1960-08-17 1962-02-02 Vessel for transporting low temperature liquids Expired - Lifetime US3101861A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL268332D NL268332A (da) 1960-08-17
US99011A US3031856A (en) 1960-08-17 1961-03-24 Vessel for transporting low temperature liquids
GB7499/65A GB1000298A (en) 1960-08-17 1961-08-08 Thermally insulated tanks and marine vessels comprising the same
US170554A US3101861A (en) 1960-08-17 1962-02-02 Vessel for transporting low temperature liquids

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US5010760A 1960-08-17 1960-08-17
GB2856661A GB1000297A (en) 1961-08-08 1961-08-08 Thermally insulated tanks suitable for containing low temperature liquids and marine vessels comprising the same
US170554A US3101861A (en) 1960-08-17 1962-02-02 Vessel for transporting low temperature liquids

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US3326167A (en) * 1965-08-02 1967-06-20 Exxon Research Engineering Co Tanker
US3352028A (en) * 1966-03-04 1967-11-14 Pennsalt Chemicals Corp Industrial process and apparatus
US3456834A (en) * 1963-09-09 1969-07-22 Dynabulk Corp Condensation-deterring container
US3494140A (en) * 1967-10-17 1970-02-10 Integral Process Syst Inc Liquid nitrogen flash freezing
US3502239A (en) * 1966-11-02 1970-03-24 Shell Oil Co Thermally insulated container for transporting low temperature liquids
US3861553A (en) * 1971-11-24 1975-01-21 Bridgestone Liquefied Gas Co Means for supporting an inner membranous vessel of a low temperature liquefied gas tank of a membrane type
US3875886A (en) * 1972-04-28 1975-04-08 Gen Dynamics Corp Liquified-gas ship
US3941272A (en) * 1974-03-27 1976-03-02 Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation Cryogenic transport
US3951295A (en) * 1974-06-13 1976-04-20 Hoover Ball And Bearing Company Top opening insulated tank
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US5419139A (en) * 1993-12-13 1995-05-30 Martin Marietta Corporation Composite cryogenic tank apparatus
US5601204A (en) * 1989-12-19 1997-02-11 Hall; William Y. Tank vault with sealed liner
US5921421A (en) * 1994-04-26 1999-07-13 Fuquan; Liang Bladder-type multipurpose vessel
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US20040118330A1 (en) * 2002-11-22 2004-06-24 Gaztransport & Techniqaz Mechanically welded structure with stress-relieving slit and liquefied gas transport ship equipped with such a structure
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US11435034B1 (en) * 2017-07-06 2022-09-06 Chart Inc. Tank systems with an insulation assembly
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Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3456834A (en) * 1963-09-09 1969-07-22 Dynabulk Corp Condensation-deterring container
US3326167A (en) * 1965-08-02 1967-06-20 Exxon Research Engineering Co Tanker
US3352028A (en) * 1966-03-04 1967-11-14 Pennsalt Chemicals Corp Industrial process and apparatus
US3502239A (en) * 1966-11-02 1970-03-24 Shell Oil Co Thermally insulated container for transporting low temperature liquids
US3494140A (en) * 1967-10-17 1970-02-10 Integral Process Syst Inc Liquid nitrogen flash freezing
US3861553A (en) * 1971-11-24 1975-01-21 Bridgestone Liquefied Gas Co Means for supporting an inner membranous vessel of a low temperature liquefied gas tank of a membrane type
US3875886A (en) * 1972-04-28 1975-04-08 Gen Dynamics Corp Liquified-gas ship
US3941272A (en) * 1974-03-27 1976-03-02 Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation Cryogenic transport
US3951295A (en) * 1974-06-13 1976-04-20 Hoover Ball And Bearing Company Top opening insulated tank
US5601204A (en) * 1989-12-19 1997-02-11 Hall; William Y. Tank vault with sealed liner
US6286707B1 (en) 1989-12-19 2001-09-11 William Y. Hall Container for above-ground storage
US6422413B1 (en) * 1989-12-19 2002-07-23 William Y. Hall Tank vault
US5255722A (en) * 1992-03-12 1993-10-26 Envirex Inc. Vaporless liquid containment system
US5343908A (en) * 1992-03-12 1994-09-06 Envirex Inc. Vaporless liquid containment system
US5419139A (en) * 1993-12-13 1995-05-30 Martin Marietta Corporation Composite cryogenic tank apparatus
US5921421A (en) * 1994-04-26 1999-07-13 Fuquan; Liang Bladder-type multipurpose vessel
US20040118330A1 (en) * 2002-11-22 2004-06-24 Gaztransport & Techniqaz Mechanically welded structure with stress-relieving slit and liquefied gas transport ship equipped with such a structure
US7278365B2 (en) * 2002-11-22 2007-10-09 Gaztransport & Technigaz Mechanically welded structure with stress-relieving slit and liquefied gas transport ship equipped with such a structure
US7896954B2 (en) * 2005-04-07 2011-03-01 Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc. Fluid storage and purification method and system
US8083945B2 (en) 2005-04-07 2011-12-27 Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc. Fluid storage and purification method and system
US20090317317A1 (en) * 2005-04-07 2009-12-24 Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc. Fluid Storage and Purification Method and System
US20080211118A1 (en) * 2005-04-07 2008-09-04 Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc. Fluid storage and dispensing apparatus
US20100223208A1 (en) * 2005-04-07 2010-09-02 Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc. Fluid storage and purification method and system
US20080210633A1 (en) * 2005-04-07 2008-09-04 Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc. Fluid storage and purification method
US7938968B2 (en) 2005-04-07 2011-05-10 Matheson Tri Gas Fluid storage and purification method
US20090320771A1 (en) * 2008-06-10 2009-12-31 Matheson Tri-Gas Ionic liquid mediums for holding solid phase process gas precursors
US20150008228A1 (en) * 2012-02-10 2015-01-08 Aerogel Card D.O.O. Tank container for transport and storage of cryogenic liquefied gases
US9488313B2 (en) * 2012-02-10 2016-11-08 Aerogel Card D.O.O. Tank container for transport and storage of cryogenic liquefied gases
US10731793B2 (en) 2012-02-10 2020-08-04 Aspen Aerogels, Inc. Tank container for transport and storage of cryogenic liquefied gases
US11906110B2 (en) 2012-02-10 2024-02-20 Aspen Aerogels, Inc. Tank container for transport and storage of cryogenic liquefied gases
US11874055B2 (en) * 2014-03-04 2024-01-16 Conocophillips Company Refrigerant supply to a cooling facility
US11435034B1 (en) * 2017-07-06 2022-09-06 Chart Inc. Tank systems with an insulation assembly

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