US3039418A - Tankers - Google Patents

Tankers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3039418A
US3039418A US856243A US85624359A US3039418A US 3039418 A US3039418 A US 3039418A US 856243 A US856243 A US 856243A US 85624359 A US85624359 A US 85624359A US 3039418 A US3039418 A US 3039418A
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Prior art keywords
container
insulation
bellows
tanker
walls
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US856243A
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Versluis Roeland
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Shell USA Inc
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Shell Oil Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
    • F17C2203/011—Reinforcing means
    • F17C2203/013—Reinforcing means in the vessel, e.g. columns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0337—Granular
    • F17C2203/0341—Perlite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0354—Wood
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0375—Thermal insulations by gas
    • F17C2203/0379—Inert
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/033—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer by enhancing insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/901—Liquified gas content, cryogenic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/902—Foam

Definitions

  • TANxERs Filed Nov. 30, 1959 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR ROELAND VERSLUIS BY f4 D, 13M@ HIS ATTORNEY United Sttes 3,039,418 Patented June 19, 1962 Free 3,039,418 TANKERS Roeland Versluis, The Hague, Netherlands, assignor to Shell Oil Company, a corporation of Delaware Filed Nov. 30, 1959, Ser. No. 856,243 Claims priority, application Netherlands Dec. 16, 1958 1 Claim. (Cl. 114 74)
  • the invention relates to a tanker suitable for the transport of liquefied gases, at atmospheric or substantially atmospheric pressure, which tanker is provided with holds of which the walls are integral with the ships structure.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a tanker suitable for the transport of liquefied gases, such as methane, propane, butane or mixtures thereof, at atmospheric or substantially atmospheric pressure. Since the temperature of these liquefied gases at the said pressure is very low (in the case of methane 160 C.) the ships structure should be of a very special standard as shipbuilding steel should not be exposed to very low temperatures which would reduce the strength of the ships structure to an inadmissably low value. Good heat insulation is therefore required to prevent transmission of the low temperature to the ships structure.
  • the liquefied gas must be stored in tanks or containers capable of resisting the low temperatures occurring.
  • the weight of the liquid in the tanks or containers and the forces generated by the liquid lapping to and fro must be transmitted to the ships structure in such a way as to ensure the best possible distribution.
  • the said tanker is therefore characterized in that at least one hold is internally provided with a layer of load-bearing, heat-insulating material, this layer supporting a thin-walled container made of a metal resistant to low temperatures, which container is so flexible and has such dimensions that, under all temperature conditions anticipated, its walls are supported by the insulating layer in all points.
  • the container should be constructed of a metal which is resistant to low temperatures, i.e. a metal which retains adequate ductility and strength at the low temperatures concerned.
  • a suitable metal is, for instance, a low carbon steel having 18% chromium content and 8% nickel content commonly known as 18/8 stainless steel, but other metals possessing the above properties may also be used.
  • the thickness of the -wall of the container should be of the order of about 8 mm. It will be understood that by thin-walled container is meant a container of which the wall thickness is approximately that specified above.
  • its walls may be provided with at least one bellowsshaped part.
  • This bellows-shaped part should be located' in such a way that the overall size of the container remains substantially the same in overall dimensions rcgardless of changes in temperature.
  • the bellows-shaped part is properly located only one is needed per container.
  • this end is suitably attained by positioning the bellows-shaped part parallel to a vertical diagonal plane of the container.
  • Means are preferably present for prestressing the bellows-shaped part of the container. This has the advantage that they enable the bellows to be prestressed at normal ambient temperature.
  • the insulating material may then be arranged between the walls of the holds and' the walls of the container.
  • the prestress may subsequently be reduced to zero and the container filled with the liquefied gas. Its low temperature will cause the container to contract and when the dimensions are accurate, the entire surface of the latter will be in contact with the insulating material and be supported thereby in such a manner as to exert the correct pressure.
  • the correct pressure at which the walls of the container .are in Contact with the insulating material is obtained by so prestressing the bellows-shaped part at the normal ambient temperature as to reduce the overall dimensions of the container by a value equal to the decrease in the overall dimensions of the container which results from cooling by the cold liquid introduced into the container.
  • the heat-insulating lining of the hold should be capable of absorbing the weight of the container filled with liquid and also the forces generated by the liquid lapping to and fro and of transmitting them to the ships structure. ⁇ On the other hand, the insulating lining should have sufficient flexibility to make allowance for movements in the ships structure.
  • insulating lining to contain a gas-tight layer to prevent the ingress of air mixed with moisture particles, which leads to ice formation and undesirable stresses in the insulating lining.
  • a liquid-impermeable layer to prevent the liquid from flowing out, should there be leakage of liquid from the container.
  • This liquid-impermeable layer should be capable of retaining the liquid for at least 24 hours to enable the container to be emptied in time.
  • the heat-insulating lining therefore preferably consists of various layers, including flexible and gasand/ or liquid-tight layers.
  • FIG. l is a cross-section (on the line 1 1 in FIG. 2) of the tanker according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan View, partly in cross-section (on the line 2 2 in FIG. l) of a portion of the tanker.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-section of a container for the storage of the liquefied gas (on the line 3 3 in FIG. 2).
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-section of the container (on the line 4 4 in FIG. 2).
  • FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the entire tanker.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-section of the heat-insulating layers.
  • the ships skin 2 is connected to the frames 1 all of which are designated by the numeral 1.
  • Walls 3 are internally arranged and are integral with the ships structure constituted by the frames 1.
  • the holds 5 are thus formed.
  • the walls 3 are internally provided with a load-bearing, heat-insulating material which is diagrammatically shown as the single layer 7 in FIG. l.
  • the layer 7 supports the thin-walled flexible container 8, the wall-thickness of which is of the order of about 8 mm.
  • These walls may be constructed of 18/8 stainless steel which has the advantage that it does not become brittle and retains its strength at low temperatures, but other metals possessing the said properties m-ay also be used.
  • the container 8 is provided with a bellows-shaped part 9 which is positioned parallel to a vertical diagonal plane of the container 8, as is clearly shown by FIG. 2.
  • the bellowsfshaped part 9 ensures that in normal service the entire flat surface of the walls and bottom of the container will be in contact with and will be supported by the insulating layer 7 notwithstanding changes intemperature
  • the horizontal top wall 10 of the container 8 is reinforced by the beams 11, but the other walls of the container 8 are not reinforced.
  • the bellows-shaped part 9 is supported by stay rods 13 which prevent the bellows 9 from buckling.
  • Other rods 14 connected to the walls It is also desirable for the of the container 8 serve to prestress bellows 9, if desired. This may be done by turning the nuts 15, whereby the rods 14 move towards each other in an axial direction.
  • the top part of the container 8 is provided with a dome 17. This has the advantage that the formation of waves in the tank is greatly reduced if the vessel 8 is lled up to such a level that the liquid rises into the dome 17.
  • the top part of the container 8 is covered with a layer of flexible, heatinsulating material, for instance with foam-glass.
  • This layer is designated by the reference numeral 18.
  • the insulation 7 which is secured to the walls 3 of the holds 5 may, for instance, be designed as shown in FIG. 6.
  • a layer of balsa wood 20 is secured to the wall of the container 8 and three layers of foam-glass 21 are arranged against this layer.
  • the foam glass layers 21 have the advantage of providing a gastight seal.
  • An insulating layer consisting of perlite concrete is arranged against the foam-glass layers; this is denoted by the reference numeral 22.
  • a more or less flexible layer of cork 23 serves to absorb the movements in the ships structure.
  • pipes 24, shown in FIG. 1 are arranged for supplying to the insulation a dry inert gas such as nitrogen.
  • the container 8 may be lled and emptied through the line 25.
  • the dome 17 is provided with a gas outlet 26 for venting gas formed by liquid evaporated by the inflow of heat.
  • a tanker for transporting liquefied gases such as methane, propane, butane and mixtures thereof at about atmospheric pressure comprising: a hull structure, holds having walls formed in said hull structure, the walls of said holds being integral with the hull structure, a layer of load-bearing, heat-insulating material provided on the inside of at least one of said holds, a thin walled metal container supported by said load-bearing heat insulating material, a bellows-shaped part forming a continuous belt integral with the walls of said container and positioned parallel to a vertical diagonal plane of the container, said container being of such dimensions and of such flexible construction that the walls thereof are continuously supported by said layer of load-bearing, heatinsulated material under all temperature conditions anticipated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

884,718. Carrying liquefied gases. SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ N. V. Dec. 14, 1959 [Dec. 16, 1958], No. 42406/59. Class 113. [Also in Group XXVIII] In a tanker for transporting liquefied gases at atmospheric pressure having holds 5 with walls 3 integral with the tanker's structure I, at least one hold is internally provided with loadbearing heat-insulating material 7 supporting at substantially all points under all temperature conditions a thin-walled flexible container 8 of a material resistant to low temperatures, e.g. stainless steel. The container has at least one bellows-shaped part 9 parallel to a vertical diaginal plane of the container and is provided with means 14, 15 for prestressing the bellows. The top of the container is protected by flexible heat-insulation 18 e.g. foamed glass. The insulation 7 comprises balsa wood 20, Fig. 6, secured to the container 8, layers of foamed glass 21, perlite concrete 22 and cork 23. To prevent the ingress of humid air and in formation, a dry inert gas such as nitrogen is supplied to the insulation through pipes 24. The spaces 28 around the holds may be filled with a liquid, e.g. oil, with means for heating same.

Description

June 19, 1962 R. VERSLLHS 3,039,418
TANKERS Filed Nov. 50, 1959 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 i"gj; O n O o @@QQOOOO@ mvENToR R01-:LAND VERSLUIS BY MD. @Mc/'L HIS ATTORNEY June 19, 1962 R. VERSLUIS 3,039,418
TANKERS Filed NOV. 50, 1959 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENToR ROELAND VERSLUIS BY D. @Miva HIS ATTORNEY June 19, 1962 R. VERSLUIS 3,039,418
TANxERs Filed Nov. 30, 1959 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR ROELAND VERSLUIS BY f4 D, 13M@ HIS ATTORNEY United Sttes 3,039,418 Patented June 19, 1962 Free 3,039,418 TANKERS Roeland Versluis, The Hague, Netherlands, assignor to Shell Oil Company, a corporation of Delaware Filed Nov. 30, 1959, Ser. No. 856,243 Claims priority, application Netherlands Dec. 16, 1958 1 Claim. (Cl. 114 74) The invention relates to a tanker suitable for the transport of liquefied gases, at atmospheric or substantially atmospheric pressure, which tanker is provided with holds of which the walls are integral with the ships structure.
The object of the invention is to provide a tanker suitable for the transport of liquefied gases, such as methane, propane, butane or mixtures thereof, at atmospheric or substantially atmospheric pressure. Since the temperature of these liquefied gases at the said pressure is very low (in the case of methane 160 C.) the ships structure should be of a very special standard as shipbuilding steel should not be exposed to very low temperatures which would reduce the strength of the ships structure to an inadmissably low value. Good heat insulation is therefore required to prevent transmission of the low temperature to the ships structure. The liquefied gas must be stored in tanks or containers capable of resisting the low temperatures occurring. In addition, the weight of the liquid in the tanks or containers and the forces generated by the liquid lapping to and fro must be transmitted to the ships structure in such a way as to ensure the best possible distribution.
According to the invention, the said tanker is therefore characterized in that at least one hold is internally provided with a layer of load-bearing, heat-insulating material, this layer supporting a thin-walled container made of a metal resistant to low temperatures, which container is so flexible and has such dimensions that, under all temperature conditions anticipated, its walls are supported by the insulating layer in all points.
The container should be constructed of a metal which is resistant to low temperatures, i.e. a metal which retains adequate ductility and strength at the low temperatures concerned. A suitable metal is, for instance, a low carbon steel having 18% chromium content and 8% nickel content commonly known as 18/8 stainless steel, but other metals possessing the above properties may also be used. The thickness of the -wall of the container should be of the order of about 8 mm. It will be understood that by thin-walled container is meant a container of which the wall thickness is approximately that specified above.
In order to give the container the required exibility, its walls may be provided with at least one bellowsshaped part. This bellows-shaped part should be located' in such a way that the overall size of the container remains substantially the same in overall dimensions rcgardless of changes in temperature.
Provided the bellows-shaped part is properly located only one is needed per container. When using a rectangular container this end is suitably attained by positioning the bellows-shaped part parallel to a vertical diagonal plane of the container.
Means are preferably present for prestressing the bellows-shaped part of the container. This has the advantage that they enable the bellows to be prestressed at normal ambient temperature. The insulating material may then be arranged between the walls of the holds and' the walls of the container. The prestress may subsequently be reduced to zero and the container filled with the liquefied gas. Its low temperature will cause the container to contract and when the dimensions are accurate, the entire surface of the latter will be in contact with the insulating material and be supported thereby in such a manner as to exert the correct pressure. The correct pressure at which the walls of the container .are in Contact with the insulating material is obtained by so prestressing the bellows-shaped part at the normal ambient temperature as to reduce the overall dimensions of the container by a value equal to the decrease in the overall dimensions of the container which results from cooling by the cold liquid introduced into the container. The heat-insulating lining of the hold should be capable of absorbing the weight of the container filled with liquid and also the forces generated by the liquid lapping to and fro and of transmitting them to the ships structure. `On the other hand, the insulating lining should have sufficient flexibility to make allowance for movements in the ships structure. insulating lining to contain a gas-tight layer to prevent the ingress of air mixed with moisture particles, which leads to ice formation and undesirable stresses in the insulating lining. In addition, it is advisable to arrange a liquid-impermeable layer to prevent the liquid from flowing out, should there be leakage of liquid from the container. This liquid-impermeable layer should be capable of retaining the liquid for at least 24 hours to enable the container to be emptied in time.
The heat-insulating lining therefore preferably consists of various layers, including flexible and gasand/ or liquid-tight layers.
In order to m-ake allowance for vertical expansion of the container it is advisable to insulate the top part of the container with a flexible material such as foam-glass.
A preferred embodiment of the tanker according to the invention will now be described with reference to the drawing.
FIG. l is a cross-section (on the line 1 1 in FIG. 2) of the tanker according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a top plan View, partly in cross-section (on the line 2 2 in FIG. l) of a portion of the tanker.
FIG. 3 is a cross-section of a container for the storage of the liquefied gas (on the line 3 3 in FIG. 2).
FIG. 4 is a cross-section of the container (on the line 4 4 in FIG. 2).
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the entire tanker.
FIG. 6 is a cross-section of the heat-insulating layers.
Referring to the drawing, the ships skin 2 is connected to the frames 1 all of which are designated by the numeral 1. Walls 3 are internally arranged and are integral with the ships structure constituted by the frames 1. The holds 5 are thus formed. The walls 3 are internally provided with a load-bearing, heat-insulating material which is diagrammatically shown as the single layer 7 in FIG. l. The layer 7 supports the thin-walled flexible container 8, the wall-thickness of which is of the order of about 8 mm. These walls may be constructed of 18/8 stainless steel which has the advantage that it does not become brittle and retains its strength at low temperatures, but other metals possessing the said properties m-ay also be used. The container 8 is provided with a bellows-shaped part 9 which is positioned parallel to a vertical diagonal plane of the container 8, as is clearly shown by FIG. 2. The bellowsfshaped part 9 ensures that in normal service the entire flat surface of the walls and bottom of the container will be in contact with and will be supported by the insulating layer 7 notwithstanding changes intemperature The horizontal top wall 10 of the container 8 is reinforced by the beams 11, but the other walls of the container 8 are not reinforced. The bellows-shaped part 9 is supported by stay rods 13 which prevent the bellows 9 from buckling. Other rods 14 connected to the walls It is also desirable for the of the container 8 serve to prestress bellows 9, if desired. This may be done by turning the nuts 15, whereby the rods 14 move towards each other in an axial direction.
The top part of the container 8 is provided with a dome 17. This has the advantage that the formation of waves in the tank is greatly reduced if the vessel 8 is lled up to such a level that the liquid rises into the dome 17.
In order to allow the container 8 to expand in a vertical direction, it is desirable for the top part of the container 8 to be covered with a layer of flexible, heatinsulating material, for instance with foam-glass. This layer is designated by the reference numeral 18.
The insulation 7 which is secured to the walls 3 of the holds 5 may, for instance, be designed as shown in FIG. 6.
Referring to FIG. 6, a layer of balsa wood 20 is secured to the wall of the container 8 and three layers of foam-glass 21 are arranged against this layer. The foam glass layers 21 have the advantage of providing a gastight seal. An insulating layer consisting of perlite concrete is arranged against the foam-glass layers; this is denoted by the reference numeral 22. A more or less flexible layer of cork 23 serves to absorb the movements in the ships structure.
In order to prevent as much as possible the ingress of humid air into the insulation, which would lead to ice formation in this insulation, pipes 24, shown in FIG. 1, are arranged for supplying to the insulation a dry inert gas such as nitrogen.
The container 8 may be lled and emptied through the line 25. The dome 17 is provided with a gas outlet 26 for venting gas formed by liquid evaporated by the inflow of heat.
I claim as my invention:
A tanker for transporting liquefied gases such as methane, propane, butane and mixtures thereof at about atmospheric pressure comprising: a hull structure, holds having walls formed in said hull structure, the walls of said holds being integral with the hull structure, a layer of load-bearing, heat-insulating material provided on the inside of at least one of said holds, a thin walled metal container supported by said load-bearing heat insulating material, a bellows-shaped part forming a continuous belt integral with the walls of said container and positioned parallel to a vertical diagonal plane of the container, said container being of such dimensions and of such flexible construction that the walls thereof are continuously supported by said layer of load-bearing, heatinsulated material under all temperature conditions anticipated.
References Cited n the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,350,883 Duttweiler June 6, 1944 2,480,472 Jackson Aug. 30, 1949 2,807,143 Schnellhardt Sept. 24, 1957 2,859,895 Beckwith NOV. 11, 1958 2,889,953 Morrison June 9, 1959 2,896,416 Henry July 28, 1959 2,897,657 Rupp Aug. 4, 1959 2,905,352 Henry Sept. 22, 1959 2,926,810 Yeager Mar. 1, 1960 2,963,873 S'toWerS Dec. 13, 1960 FOREIGN PATENTS 746,567 Germany Aug. 12, 1944 1,079,634 France May 19, 1954 1,170,576 France Sept. 22, 1958 1,174,820 France Nov. 10, 1958
US856243A 1958-12-16 1959-11-30 Tankers Expired - Lifetime US3039418A (en)

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US3110157A (en) * 1960-09-12 1963-11-12 Conch Int Methane Ltd Transportation of cold liquids and safety means
US3150794A (en) * 1961-06-20 1964-09-29 Conch Int Methane Ltd Membrane tanks
US3150795A (en) * 1961-06-20 1964-09-29 Conch Int Methane Ltd Membrane tanks
US3312076A (en) * 1966-01-18 1967-04-04 James S Clarke Drip pan lng tank
US3319430A (en) * 1965-01-25 1967-05-16 Exxon Research Engineering Co Liquid supported cryogenic container
US3337079A (en) * 1965-06-04 1967-08-22 Exxon Research Engineering Co Stressed membrane liquified gas container
US3339783A (en) * 1965-02-24 1967-09-05 Exxon Research Engineering Co Cryogenic container
US3339778A (en) * 1963-04-24 1967-09-05 Chantiers De La Seine Maritime Insulated tank for liquids at low temperatures
US3339784A (en) * 1960-05-27 1967-09-05 Jr Charles George Filstead Insulated structure for use in transportation of cold liquids
US3341051A (en) * 1964-12-24 1967-09-12 Exxon Research Engineering Co Cryogenic insulation system
US3363796A (en) * 1964-09-04 1968-01-16 Exxon Research Engineering Co Insulated cargo container
US3367527A (en) * 1967-05-01 1968-02-06 Harold T. Darlington Insulating structure
US3374641A (en) * 1966-04-25 1968-03-26 Mcmullen John J Arrangement for protecting liquefied gas transporting vehicles
US3384044A (en) * 1966-04-01 1968-05-21 Howaltswerke Deutsche Werft Ag Insert member for dished tank bottoms in ships
US3406858A (en) * 1964-11-30 1968-10-22 Conch Int Methane Ltd Containers for cold liquids
US3477606A (en) * 1965-03-25 1969-11-11 Conch Int Methane Ltd Membrane tank structures
US3485409A (en) * 1966-09-01 1969-12-23 Linde Ag Tankship container for liquefied gas
US3489311A (en) * 1967-05-25 1970-01-13 Aerojet General Co Tanks for storage of liquefied gas
US3595423A (en) * 1968-10-11 1971-07-27 Bridgestone Liquefied Gas Co Tank for use in storing low-temperature liquefied gas
US3827135A (en) * 1972-03-13 1974-08-06 Bridgestone Liquefied Gas Co Method of constructing a low temperature liquefied gas tank of a membrane type
US3827136A (en) * 1972-03-25 1974-08-06 Bridgestone Liquefied Gas Co Method of constructing a low temperature liquefied gas tank of a membrane type
US3882591A (en) * 1972-03-27 1975-05-13 Bridgestone Liquefied Gas Co Method of constructing a low temperature liquefied gas tank of a membrane type
US5779089A (en) * 1996-07-26 1998-07-14 Forma Scientific, Inc. Cryogenic storage apparatus with lid vent
WO2011101461A1 (en) * 2010-02-22 2011-08-25 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Hydrocarbon processing vessel and method
CN104662354A (en) * 2012-07-03 2015-05-27 里恩格特恩纳有限公司 Tank
US9045194B2 (en) 2012-08-09 2015-06-02 Martin Operating Partnership L.P. Retrofitting a conventional containment vessel into a complete integral tank double-hull cargo containment vessel
US9302562B2 (en) 2012-08-09 2016-04-05 Martin Operating Partnership L.P. Heating a hot cargo barge using recovered heat from another vessel using an umbilical

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US2480472A (en) * 1944-09-20 1949-08-30 Pittsburgh Des Moines Company Method and means of precooling insulated tanks for storing cold liquids
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US2905352A (en) * 1958-06-24 1959-09-22 Constock Int Methane Ltd Storage tank and means for support of same
US2926810A (en) * 1956-10-30 1960-03-01 Herrick L Johnston Inc Suspension system for container for storing liquefied gas
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US2350883A (en) * 1939-04-17 1944-06-06 Duttweiler Gottlieb Method for the storage of goods
DE746567C (en) * 1941-11-13 1944-08-12 Waggon Fabrik Uerdinger Ag Heat-stressed double-walled container in lightweight construction
US2480472A (en) * 1944-09-20 1949-08-30 Pittsburgh Des Moines Company Method and means of precooling insulated tanks for storing cold liquids
FR1079634A (en) * 1953-06-26 1954-12-01 Improvements to boats, land vehicles and aircraft used for the transport of bulk loads
US2807143A (en) * 1953-08-07 1957-09-24 Constock Liquid Methane Corp Means for storing and conveying large volumes of cold liquefied hydrocarbons
US2889953A (en) * 1954-02-04 1959-06-09 Constock Liquid Methane Corp Insulated tank with impervious lining
US2859895A (en) * 1955-04-06 1958-11-11 Constock Liquid Methane Corp Insulating tank for cold boiling liquids
US2897657A (en) * 1955-12-13 1959-08-04 Exxon Research Engineering Co Storage and transportation of liquefied gas
FR1174820A (en) * 1956-05-07 1959-03-17 Constock Liquid Methane Corp Ship
US2926810A (en) * 1956-10-30 1960-03-01 Herrick L Johnston Inc Suspension system for container for storing liquefied gas
FR1170576A (en) * 1957-04-03 1959-01-15 Improvements to folding tanks
US2963873A (en) * 1957-07-10 1960-12-13 Texas Gas Transmission Corp Method and apparatus for storing liquefied gases
US2896416A (en) * 1957-08-05 1959-07-28 Constock Int Methane Ltd Means for the transportation and storage of cold boiling liquefied hydrocarbon gas
US2905352A (en) * 1958-06-24 1959-09-22 Constock Int Methane Ltd Storage tank and means for support of same

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3339784A (en) * 1960-05-27 1967-09-05 Jr Charles George Filstead Insulated structure for use in transportation of cold liquids
US3110157A (en) * 1960-09-12 1963-11-12 Conch Int Methane Ltd Transportation of cold liquids and safety means
US3150794A (en) * 1961-06-20 1964-09-29 Conch Int Methane Ltd Membrane tanks
US3150795A (en) * 1961-06-20 1964-09-29 Conch Int Methane Ltd Membrane tanks
US3339778A (en) * 1963-04-24 1967-09-05 Chantiers De La Seine Maritime Insulated tank for liquids at low temperatures
US3363796A (en) * 1964-09-04 1968-01-16 Exxon Research Engineering Co Insulated cargo container
US3406858A (en) * 1964-11-30 1968-10-22 Conch Int Methane Ltd Containers for cold liquids
US3341051A (en) * 1964-12-24 1967-09-12 Exxon Research Engineering Co Cryogenic insulation system
US3319430A (en) * 1965-01-25 1967-05-16 Exxon Research Engineering Co Liquid supported cryogenic container
US3339783A (en) * 1965-02-24 1967-09-05 Exxon Research Engineering Co Cryogenic container
US3477606A (en) * 1965-03-25 1969-11-11 Conch Int Methane Ltd Membrane tank structures
US3337079A (en) * 1965-06-04 1967-08-22 Exxon Research Engineering Co Stressed membrane liquified gas container
US3312076A (en) * 1966-01-18 1967-04-04 James S Clarke Drip pan lng tank
US3384044A (en) * 1966-04-01 1968-05-21 Howaltswerke Deutsche Werft Ag Insert member for dished tank bottoms in ships
US3374641A (en) * 1966-04-25 1968-03-26 Mcmullen John J Arrangement for protecting liquefied gas transporting vehicles
US3485409A (en) * 1966-09-01 1969-12-23 Linde Ag Tankship container for liquefied gas
US3367527A (en) * 1967-05-01 1968-02-06 Harold T. Darlington Insulating structure
US3489311A (en) * 1967-05-25 1970-01-13 Aerojet General Co Tanks for storage of liquefied gas
US3595423A (en) * 1968-10-11 1971-07-27 Bridgestone Liquefied Gas Co Tank for use in storing low-temperature liquefied gas
US3827135A (en) * 1972-03-13 1974-08-06 Bridgestone Liquefied Gas Co Method of constructing a low temperature liquefied gas tank of a membrane type
US3827136A (en) * 1972-03-25 1974-08-06 Bridgestone Liquefied Gas Co Method of constructing a low temperature liquefied gas tank of a membrane type
US3882591A (en) * 1972-03-27 1975-05-13 Bridgestone Liquefied Gas Co Method of constructing a low temperature liquefied gas tank of a membrane type
US5779089A (en) * 1996-07-26 1998-07-14 Forma Scientific, Inc. Cryogenic storage apparatus with lid vent
US6036045A (en) * 1996-07-26 2000-03-14 Forma Scientific, Inc. Cryogenic storage apparatus with lid vent
WO2011101461A1 (en) * 2010-02-22 2011-08-25 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Hydrocarbon processing vessel and method
CN102770342A (en) * 2010-02-22 2012-11-07 国际壳牌研究有限公司 Wo2011101081
AU2011217243B2 (en) * 2010-02-22 2014-02-27 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Hydrocarbon processing vessel and method
AP3355A (en) * 2010-02-22 2015-07-31 Shell Int Research Hydrocarbon processing vessel and method
EP3254948A1 (en) * 2010-02-22 2017-12-13 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Hydrocarbon processing vessel and method
CN104662354A (en) * 2012-07-03 2015-05-27 里恩格特恩纳有限公司 Tank
US9045194B2 (en) 2012-08-09 2015-06-02 Martin Operating Partnership L.P. Retrofitting a conventional containment vessel into a complete integral tank double-hull cargo containment vessel
US9302562B2 (en) 2012-08-09 2016-04-05 Martin Operating Partnership L.P. Heating a hot cargo barge using recovered heat from another vessel using an umbilical
US9555870B2 (en) 2012-08-09 2017-01-31 Martin Operating Partnership L.P. Heating a cargo barge using recovered energy from another vessel using an umbilical

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NL96771C (en)
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DK108559C (en) 1968-01-02
FR1242685A (en) 1960-09-30

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