US3087811A - Alloys of mercury - Google Patents

Alloys of mercury Download PDF

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Publication number
US3087811A
US3087811A US66979A US6697960A US3087811A US 3087811 A US3087811 A US 3087811A US 66979 A US66979 A US 66979A US 6697960 A US6697960 A US 6697960A US 3087811 A US3087811 A US 3087811A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mercury
thallium
indium
freezing point
alloys
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US66979A
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Benjamin F Freeberg
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Vapor Corp
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Vapor Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to US66979A priority Critical patent/US3087811A/en
Priority to GB39219/61A priority patent/GB918498A/en
Priority to CH1273061A priority patent/CH417119A/en
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Publication of US3087811A publication Critical patent/US3087811A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C7/00—Alloys based on mercury
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K5/00—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material
    • G01K5/02—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a liquid
    • G01K5/04—Details
    • G01K5/12—Selection of liquid compositions

Definitions

  • the alloy of the present invention embodies a three component amalgam of indium, thallium, and mercury which remains in a liquid state at extremely low temperatures and at temperatures below those of mercury alloys as heretofore known.
  • the alloy is particularly suitable for use as the liquid medium in resistance devices, such as that disclosed in my U.S. Patent No. 2,906,981, and in thermostats such as is disclosed in Patent No. 2,596,825, issued to applicant and others.
  • thermostatic devices capable of withstanding extremely low temperature which may be encountered in space or in low temperature environs wherein equipment may be stored.
  • the alloy herein disclosed has a freezing point of -82" F.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide an alloy for use in thermostats and thermometers which encounter temperatures of minus eighty degrees Fahrenheit (-80 F.) or lower.
  • FIGURE 1 depicts the results in freezing point variation with the variation of the thallium concentration
  • FIGURE 2 depicts the results in freezing point variation with variation of the indium concentration.
  • composition of this alloy is:
  • the proper amounts of the indium and thallium are Weighed and dissolved in a weighed amount of mercury.
  • the resulting mixture is cooled to the eutectic temperature of 82 F. and filtered to remove compositions, if any, outside the eutectic range.
  • the proportions of the indium concentration may be varied from 14.9% to 16.6% with corresponding variation of the thallium content within one degree of the prescribed eutectic temperature of 82 F.
  • the results of such variation of the concentration of indium relative to thallium and vice versa in terms of freezing point is shown in the attached graph.
  • This data is depicted in the form of graphs shown in FIGURES 1 and 2 wherein the upper curve presents the temperature at which crystals starts to separate. The lower curve presents the temperature at which the solidification is complete. The temperature corresponding to the areas between the curves embody a mixture of solid and liquid.
  • the portion of the curves below the dotted line show the allowable composition if a freezing point of 81 F. is allowed. This is 1 F. above the eutectic freezing point.
  • a mercury alloy consisting of from 13.1% to 15.5% thallium, 16.0% indium and from 68.5% to 70.9% mercury.
  • a mercury alloy consisting of from 14.3% to 16.7% indium, 14.3% thallium and from 69% to 74% mercury.
  • a mercury alloy consisting of 69.7% mercury, 16.0% indium and 14.3% thallium to provide a eutectic, the freezing point of which is -82 -F.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)

Description

April 30, 1963 B-. F. FREEBERG 3,087,811
ALLOYS 0F MERCURY Filed Nov. 3, 1960 VARIATION OF THE FREEZING POINT WITH VARIATION .OF
THE THALLIUM CONCENTRATION I3 I4 I I5 I6 FIG.I
VARIATION OF THE FREEZING POINT WITI-I VARIATION OF THE INDIUM CONCENTRATION FIG-2 INVENTOR. BENJAMIN F. FREE BERG LIOQJMAA ATTO RN EY United States Patent 3,087,811 ALLOYS 0F MERCURY Benjamin F. Freeberg, Lombard, Ill., assignor to Vapor Corporation, a corporation of Delaware Filed Nov. 3, 1960, Ser. No. 66,979 3 Claims. (Cl. 75-169) The present invention relates to alloys and particularly to alloys for use in thermometers and thermostats of the liquid column type.
The alloy of the present invention embodies a three component amalgam of indium, thallium, and mercury which remains in a liquid state at extremely low temperatures and at temperatures below those of mercury alloys as heretofore known. The alloy is particularly suitable for use as the liquid medium in resistance devices, such as that disclosed in my U.S. Patent No. 2,906,981, and in thermostats such as is disclosed in Patent No. 2,596,825, issued to applicant and others. In this age of outer space exploration it is necessary to provide thermostatic devices capable of withstanding extremely low temperature which may be encountered in space or in low temperature environs wherein equipment may be stored.
The alloy herein disclosed has a freezing point of -82" F.
Accordingly, it is an object of my invention to provide a mercury composition which is susceptible to low freezing temperatures, retaining the liquid properties of mercury at such lower temperatures.
It is a further object of my invention to provide a eutectic mercury amalgam which may be used in connection with control equipment found in guided missiles, electronic signaling devices, outer space apparatus and aircraft generally, where extremely low temperatures may be encountered.
Another object of my invention is to provide an alloy for use in thermostats and thermometers which encounter temperatures of minus eighty degrees Fahrenheit (-80 F.) or lower.
It is a further object to provide a mercury composition which may be subjected to extremely low temperatures and which when brought to higher temperatures will retain its physical properties.
The characteristics of the alloy are demonstrated graphically wherein FIGURE 1 depicts the results in freezing point variation with the variation of the thallium concentration; and
FIGURE 2 depicts the results in freezing point variation with variation of the indium concentration.
Mercury freezes at 40 F. and consequently its use in thermometers and in thermostats is limited to such sub-Zero temperature range. In certain two component eutectic compounds, the freezing point may be lowered to '-74 F. Such result is obtained with a mercurythallium amalgam, wherein the thallium represents 8.75% by weight of the amalgam.
In the present invention, it has been discovered that the use of a three component system will further reduce the freezing point. Such a eutectic is comprised of indium, thallium, and mercury resulting in an amalgam which freezes at -82 F.
The composition of this alloy is:
Percent Indium 16.0 Thallium 14.3
Mercury 69.7
lCe
A. Density, grams per cubic centimeter:
At F 11.723 At 0 F 11.797 At 50 F 11.842 B. Thermal coeflicient of cubical expansion per degree F. From 0 F. to +80 F 78x10- From 50 F. to 0 F 76x10" C. Specific resistance at 80 F., ohms per cm. 54.06 10 D. Dynamic viscosity, centiposes, at 68 F- 0.35990 E. Specific heat, calories per gram 0.356
In the preparation of the amalgam, the proper amounts of the indium and thallium are Weighed and dissolved in a weighed amount of mercury. The resulting mixture is cooled to the eutectic temperature of 82 F. and filtered to remove compositions, if any, outside the eutectic range.
The proportions of the indium concentration may be varied from 14.9% to 16.6% with corresponding variation of the thallium content within one degree of the prescribed eutectic temperature of 82 F. The results of such variation of the concentration of indium relative to thallium and vice versa in terms of freezing point is shown in the attached graph. This data is depicted in the form of graphs shown in FIGURES 1 and 2 wherein the upper curve presents the temperature at which crystals starts to separate. The lower curve presents the temperature at which the solidification is complete. The temperature corresponding to the areas between the curves embody a mixture of solid and liquid. The portion of the curves below the dotted line show the allowable composition if a freezing point of 81 F. is allowed. This is 1 F. above the eutectic freezing point.
Certain other variations in the proportions of the elements present in the alloy may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.
What I claim is:
1. A mercury alloy consisting of from 13.1% to 15.5% thallium, 16.0% indium and from 68.5% to 70.9% mercury.
2. A mercury alloy consisting of from 14.3% to 16.7% indium, 14.3% thallium and from 69% to 74% mercury.
3. A mercury alloy consisting of 69.7% mercury, 16.0% indium and 14.3% thallium to provide a eutectic, the freezing point of which is -82 -F.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS

Claims (1)

  1. 3. A MERCURY ALLOW CONSISTING OOF 69.7% MERCURY, 16.0% INDIUM AND 14.3% THALLIUM TO PROVIDE A EUTECTIC, THE FREEZING POINT OF WHICH IS -82* F.
US66979A 1960-11-03 1960-11-03 Alloys of mercury Expired - Lifetime US3087811A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US66979A US3087811A (en) 1960-11-03 1960-11-03 Alloys of mercury
GB39219/61A GB918498A (en) 1960-11-03 1961-11-02 Mercury-indium-thallium alloys
CH1273061A CH417119A (en) 1960-11-03 1961-11-03 Mercury alloy

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US66979A US3087811A (en) 1960-11-03 1960-11-03 Alloys of mercury

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US3087811A true US3087811A (en) 1963-04-30

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US (1) US3087811A (en)
CH (1) CH417119A (en)
GB (1) GB918498A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3374093A (en) * 1966-04-21 1968-03-19 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Method of forming a solder material
US5061442A (en) * 1990-10-09 1991-10-29 Eastman Kodak Company Method of forming a thin sheet of an amalgam

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1959668A (en) * 1932-07-09 1934-05-22 Onelda Community Ltd Alloys
US2906981A (en) * 1958-02-21 1959-09-29 Vapor Heating Corp Variable resistance device

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1959668A (en) * 1932-07-09 1934-05-22 Onelda Community Ltd Alloys
US2906981A (en) * 1958-02-21 1959-09-29 Vapor Heating Corp Variable resistance device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3374093A (en) * 1966-04-21 1968-03-19 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Method of forming a solder material
US5061442A (en) * 1990-10-09 1991-10-29 Eastman Kodak Company Method of forming a thin sheet of an amalgam

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH417119A (en) 1966-07-15
GB918498A (en) 1963-02-13

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