US308133A - Coke oyen - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) I 7 Sheets-Sheet 1.

I'. CMH/ESv COKE OVEN.

11o. 303,133. Patented Nov. 13, 1334.

(No Model.)

7 Sheets-Sheet 2. F. GARVES.

COKE DVEN.

No. 308,133. 'Patented Nov. 18, 1884.

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(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet v3.

P. CARVES.

GOKBOVBN.

Patented Nov. 18, 1884.

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7 Sheets Sheet 4.

P. CARVES.

(No Model.)

YCOKE OVEN.

No. 308,133. Patented Nov. 18, 1884.

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7 Sheet's-Sheet f.

' Patented Nov. 18,l 1884.,

F. GARVBS.

COKE OVEN.

(N0 Model.)

N. PETERS. Pnvmrmhngmpher. wnshmgmn. D. c.

7 Sheets-Sheet 6. E'. CARVES.

(No Model.)

COKE OVEN.

No. 808.188. patented Nov. 18, 1884.

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'zv sheets-sheet 7.

(No Model.)

^ 'E'. OARVES.

.COKE OVEN.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 308,133, dated November 18, 1884. Application filed May 9, 1883. (No model.) Patented in England Februaryl, 1SS3,N0. 554.

T0 all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, FnANors Canvas, a citizen of France, residing at Saint-Etienne, department de la Loire, France, have invented new and useful Improvements in Coke-Ovens andApparatus Employedin ConnectionTherewith, (for which provisional protection has been obtained in Great Britain, No. 554, dated February 1, 1883,) of which the following is a specification.

lVIy invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of coke-ovens and apparatus connected therewith, whereby the coking of the coalis more completely and economically effected than in coke-ovens of ordinary construction, while the tar, ammonia-cal and other products ofthe distillation ofthe coal are separated from the combustible gases given off, and are collected in a condition which renders them available for use.

In an application of equaldate herewith I have described a construction of coke-ovens heated by an external fire the combustion gases from which are led, first, through iiues beneath the bottom of the coking-chamber, and then through a series of zigzag flues formed in the side walls of the chamber, so as to utilize to a great extent the heat of the combustion gases in imparting it to the bottom and side walls of the coking-chamber.

The main feature of my present invention consists in still further utilizing the heat of such combustion gases, in causing them on their way to the chimney to impart a great part of their remaining heat to the airand gas supply for combustion in the furnace or llues of the ovens, or to air-supply alone, while a still further portion of the heat may, if desired, be utilized by causing the gases before escaping lup the chimney to heat retorts for the manufacture of gas, steam-boilers, puddling-furnaces,ovens, or furnaces for ceramic ware, for the manufacture of glass, and the like.

Figures 1 to 5 of the accompanying drawings show one arrangement of aseries of cokeovens and apparatus for carrying out my said invention. Fig. l shows a longitudinal section through a coking-chamber and crosssection through the external air and smokeilues on line 1 1, Fig. 3. Fig. 2 shows a lon-- gitudinal section through the partition-wall of the coking-chamber on line 2 2, Fig. 3. Fig. 3 shows a part plan and part sectional plan of the coking-chambers and ilues, and Fig. 4 shows a part front elevation and part cross-section of the coking-chambers, and Fig. 5 shows a sectional plan to a smaller scale of the external smoke-fines and air-heatingflues.

The coking-chambers A A, which, in order to effect the coking process in the most advantageous manner, are made ofsmall width, (from eighteen to twenty inches by preference,) have below their iloors a fire-place, B, with flue C, leading thence under the floor of the cokingchamber to the opposite end, where it passes laterally into the iiue C in the side wall of the chambcr,which flue first ascends to the upper part of the wall and then descends in a zigzag direction, as shown at Fig. 2, so as to cause the combustion gases passing through'the same to effect the heating of the coking-chamber in the most uniform manner, as described in my aforesaid application for Letters Patent.

From the lower part of the flue C the gases pass down the inclined flue C2 into the external smoke-hues, G3 0*. 'Ihese two dues, as will be seen from the plan, Fig. 5, extend along the whole range of coke-chambers, each due being closed at one end and communicating with a chimney, D D', at the other end.

The flues G of the ovens communicate alter- Y nately with the fines G3 GL, as shown, so that the combustion gases of one half of the range of ovens are discharged into the iiue C3 and those of the other half into C", and it will be observed that the flow of such gases toward the chimneys D D will take place in contrary directions in the two flues. An air-Hue, E, ex-

tends, rst, along the outer side of the flue 0*, then passes at E along between the two flues, and again returning passes at E2 along the other side of the flue C3. From this part of the air-flue branches E3 pass off to each cokingchamber and extend beneath the iiue C to the fire-place B, with which they communicate through openings E* E5. 'Ihus it will be seen that atmospheric air entering the iiue E at F. passes alongthe same in contact with the hot wall of the flue C* and through E,where it is in contact with the hot walls of both C4 and C3, and, lastly, through E2, where it comes in gol IOO

contact with the other wall of C3, and finally it passes in a highly-heated condition through the branch ues E3 to the fire-places ofthe several ovens, in order there to enter into combustion with the solid or gaseous fuel employed.

It will be seen that in E the air iiows in the contrary direction to the current of the combustion gases in 0*, and also in E it Hows in the contrary direction to that of the gases in G3, so that the coldest air in each case comes in contact with the cooler part of the smokefiues, and thus the heat is taken up by the air in the most effective manner. Vhen gaseous fuel is employed for heating the ovens, the hot air is made to enter the fire-place through the opening E5 in close proximity to the inlet-nozzle F for combustible gas supplied through the pipe F. If, on the other hand, solid fuel be used, the air enters at E* below the fire-grate, or both at E4 and at Ef. The hot-air ue is also by preference extended up in the front wall of the oven, as indicated at E7, in order to communicate at ES with the uppermost part of the flue C', so that a portion of the hot air entering there may effect the combustion of any unconsumed combustible gases that may have passed away from the fire-place. The combustible gaseous constituents distilled off from the coking-chambers escape through the fine G, and are led through suitable pipes or hydraulic mains to any suitable known apparatus for condensing the tar and removing from the gas other condensable and useful constituents, and the gas, after such purification, is then by preference utilized in whole or in part as fuel for heating the coke-ovens, for which purpose it may either be led directly to the fire-place B through the pipe F and nozzle F, or it may also be previously heated by first passing it through a pipe or fiue situated within or in close contiguity to the smoke-dues C* C3. As, however, the quantity of gas consumed is small in proportion to the air-supply, the advantage gained in heating it is in most cases not sufficiently great to justify the additional expenditure for pipes and apparatus for heating it.

As shown at Fig. 5, the combustion gases may, before escaping up the chimneys D D', be made to pass through the flues H of steamboilers or of ovens or kilns, in order still further to utilize the heat contained in such gases.

Fig. 6 shows a sectional plan of another modificatiomin which there is only one external smoke-flue, C3, into which the fines of all the ovens open, and on each side of which is an air-flue, E E, so arranged that the external air entering at EG first passes along E in the contrary direction to the current of the combustion gases in C3, and then passes through the branches E3 to the furnace of each cokingchamber. As in the previous arrangement, the combustion gases may be led through the flues H of a boiler, Ste. ,before escaping up the chimney D.

According to another modification, instead of having separate air-supply and smoke ues, as in the previous arrangements, the same flues are made to serve alternately for taking up the heat from the combustion gases and imparting such heat to the air-supply, the flues being thus made to serve as regenerators 7 of well-known construction. Fig. 7 shows a sectional plan of such an arrangement. The smoke-fines C of the ovens all open into the flue K, while the air-ues E3 leading to the fire-places all open into the flue I. Both the fines I and K are made to communicate at X by means of reversing-valves of known construction alternately with the regenerator-iues L M. These flues extend first from the end X to the opposite end of the range of ovens and then return again, and are at Y provided with reversing-val ves of kn own constructiomwhereby they are made alternately to communicate with the chimney D and with the outer air. The reversing-valves at X and Y are connected and are worked simultaneously, so that when those at Y are moved into position for admitting air into M and for allowing the products of combustion to pass from L to the chimney, those at X are brought into position for making the air-flue I communicate with M and the smoke-Hue K communicate with L,-

while when the valves are reversed the above communications are also reversed. Assuming the communications to be established as first described, then the combustion gases will pass from K through L L, giving off their heat to the surfaces of these fines, which surfaces are by preference made of considerable extent either by forming tortuous passages in the flues or by providing these with fi1ling, such as is ordinarily used in furnace-regenerators. At the same time atmospheric air will enter the iiueMMat Y, and in passing along the same will take up the heat that has been previously given off to its surfaces by the passage of the combustion gases, these surfaces being increased by filling or tortuous passages, as in L. On the reversal of the valves the combustion gases will escape through M M and the air will enter through L L.

Figs. 8 to 1l show another modification, in which the heating of the air, instead of being effected in flues external to the ovens, is effected in lues extending beneath the bed of the oven, arranged in close contiguity to other fines, through which the combustion gases are made to pass before escaping into the outer flue. Fig. 8 shows a vertical section throughv a cokiug-chaniber and the flues beneath the same. Fig. 9 shows a vertical section through the fines in the partition-walls. Fig. 10 shows a cross section through two coking-chambers and their iiues, and Fig. 1l shows a sectional plan taken at different levels through the several lines. The combustion gases pass, as in the rst described arrangement, from the flue C beneath the floor of the coking-chamber to the top of the zigzag flue C, in the partition- Wall, and thence into a lower ue, C, from IOO IIO

which they pass at C3 into aflue, C4, and thence into the external flue, G5.

Between the lues C, C2, G2, and C is arranged a flue, E E', which is consequently heated on all four sides by the combustion gases, and into which the external air enters at E2, and after passing along the lower part, E, returns through the upper part, E', and issues in a heated state through the openings E3 and E* into the nre-places, and, if necessary, into the smoke-flue, as previously described.

It is found that with the several above-described improvedconstructions of ovens, special res in grates, such as are required in the arrangement described in my other application, are no longer necessary, and consequently not only is the fuel saved, but the attention heretofore required of special stokers or at'- tendants and the consequent expense is much reduced.

I am aware that it has already been proposed to heat the air-supply by leading it through fines under the bed of the oven, so as to take up heat from the oven itself, but it is found very objectionable to abstract any heat whatever from any part of the oven'itself, and according to my invention I abstractheat only from such parts of the iiues which are traversed by the products of combustion of the gases used for heating the ovens. The reasonrof the above objection is that it is desirable to have as eleva-ted a temperature as possible in the coking process, and I therefore consider it wrong in principle to abstract through the walls of the oven any heat whatever for elevating the temperature of the air of combustion. On the other hand, the using of the waste heat of the products of combustion for the temperature of the air required for the combustion vof the gas around the oven raises the temperature considerably. In cases when the heat under the sole of the oven shouldbecoine too great, I only admit a reduced quantity of air at that spot and admit the remainder of the air necessary for complete combustion at any other convenient spot-say in the side lues, as described-thus more equally dividing the heat over the outside of the retort or oven. the draft through the fines is not sufficient, I employ fans, exhausts, pumps, injectors,

In cases where eje'ctors, and similar apparatus for accelerating it.

I am aware that in coke-ovens as heretofore constructed the air-supply has been heated, but this has generally been done at the expense of the heat of the ,coke-oven itself. According to my invention, however, I take up the heat either from the smoke-iiues entirely external to the coke-ovens, or when the airflue is in the body of the oven I surround it on all sides with Ailues through which the products of combustion are passing off, so that the heat is only abstracted from the products of combustion, and not from the mass of brickwork.

Having thus described the nature of my invention and the best means I know of carrying the same into practical effect, I claiml. The coking-chamber having ilues C leading under their iioors and iues C in the side walls, which ascend to the upper part of the wall and then descend in a zigzag direction. in combination with external smoke-nues, C3

0*, extending along the whole range of they coke-chambers, and the ilues E E E2, each iiue being closed at one end and communicating with a chimney at the other end.

2. The combination of the ,iues C3 0*, the air-fines E E E2, the ,air-line branches E3, and the coking-chamben as and for the purposes described, whereby the air is made to flow in a contrary direction to the current of combustion gases.

3. In combination with a range of coke` ovens heated by external ring, one or more external horizontal smoke lues extending along the range of ovens with the ring places of which it or they communicate, and one or more air-lines arranged alongside of the said smoke-dues, through which air-fines the air-supply to the said firing placesis made

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