US3063818A - Gasoline composition - Google Patents
Gasoline composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3063818A US3063818A US18256A US1825660A US3063818A US 3063818 A US3063818 A US 3063818A US 18256 A US18256 A US 18256A US 1825660 A US1825660 A US 1825660A US 3063818 A US3063818 A US 3063818A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- antiknock
- gasoline
- volume
- tetraethyllead
- octane number
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethyllead Chemical compound CC[Pb](CC)(CC)CC MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000006079 antiknock agent Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 30
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- -1 tetrahydrofurfuryl Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromoethane Chemical compound BrCCBr PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UWNADWZGEHDQAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylhexane Chemical group CC(C)CCC(C)C UWNADWZGEHDQAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003254 gasoline additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ANHQLUBMNSSPBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4h-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one Chemical group C1=CN=C2NC(=O)COC2=C1 ANHQLUBMNSSPBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylidene Natural products CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KKZOJPJHWKWAID-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyclohexyl silicate Chemical compound C1CCCCC1O[Si](OC1CCCCC1)(OC1CCCCC1)OC1CCCCC1 KKZOJPJHWKWAID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEZPEQJENXACBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradodecyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO[Si](OCCCCCCCCCCCC)(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCC NEZPEQJENXACBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZLXDDRBXFHZNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraoctyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO[Si](OCCCCCCCC)(OCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCC OZLXDDRBXFHZNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/28—Organic compounds containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
- C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
- C10L1/306—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond) organo Pb compounds
Definitions
- the resistance to knock of the fuels from these processes is even further augmented by the addition of antiknock agents such as tetraethyllead (TEL), and, recently, methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl.
- antiknock agents such as tetraethyllead (TEL), and, recently, methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl.
- Resistance to spark knock is, of course, evaluated as octane number. Therefore, the demand for fuels having greater resistance to spark knock is manifested in the constantly increasing octane number of premium fuels.
- organo-metallic antiknock agents such as the octane number of modern gasoline fuels has been raised, there has been a concomitant decrease in the susceptibility of such fuels to octane number im provement by addition of organo-metallic antiknock agents.
- organo-metallic additives which is added to motor fuels may also be limited by consideration of the degree of toxicity imparted to the fuel containing such materials. For this reason, the maximum amount of tetraethyllead which may be added to commercial gasoline motor fuels is 3 or 4 cc./gal. (U.S.) and 6 cc./gal. (U.S.) for automotive and aviation fuels, respectively. Consequently, the degree of octane number improvement which can be obtained in this manner is limited. Organo-metallic antiknock additives are difiicult to synthesize and are expensive.
- -It is also an object of the invention to augment the eflicacy of tetraethyllead as an antiknock additive in gasoline.
- hydrocarbon compositions which enhance the efiiciency of antiknock additives added thereto.
- Another object is to attain the foregoing objects without detrimental side effects in theuse of the fuel in gasoline engines.
- a still further object of the invention is to provide an improved antiknock additive concentrate composition.
- organo-metallic compounds as primary antiknock agents has long been known, and countless numbers of these materials have been suggested, tried, and used with various degrees of success.
- certain organic silicon compounds which possess essentially no primary antiknock activity when they are added to gasoline containing no other antiknock agent, nevertheless when added to leaded gasolines of selected composition as to hydrocarbon type and boiling range possess an extraordinary and unexpected co-antiknock activity.
- co-antiknock activity it is here meant that the secondary or eo-antiknock agent causes the octane number of the gasoline containing both primary and secondary antiknock additives .to be raised significantly above the level which is obtained by the primary antiknock agent alone, the co-antiknock effect being the result of co-action of the secondary with the primary additive rather than any primary antiknock properties of the secondary additive alone.
- R is a monovalent organic radical, the single available valence bond of which is contained on a carbon atom, having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms and consisting only of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
- Tetracyclohexyl silicate Tetradodecyl silicate Tetra(tetrahydrofurfuryl) silicate Tetra-Z-ethyl-butyl silicate Tetramethylamyl silicate Tetra-C-pyrryl silicate Tetra-Z-pyrrolenyl silicate Tetra-3-pyrrolenyl silicate Tetra-C-pyrodyl silicate Tetrafuryl silicate Dihexyl diisobutyl silicate 3 Tetra-2-hydroxyl-t-butyl silicate Tetra pyranyl silicate .ganic silicon materials may be observed by reference to the following example.
- Tetraoctyl silicate was added to a concentration of approximately 15 millimoles per gallon (U.S.) to one of two samples of commercial olefin-isobutane alkylate containing 3 cc. of tetraethyllead (TEL) per gallon (U.S.).
- TEL tetraethyllead
- the octane number of each of the samples was then determined by the research method (ASTM test designation D-357-53).
- the octane number of the sample containing TEL and the organic silicon co-antiknock agent was a full two octane numbers higher than the sample which contained only the TEL.
- the metal ratio lies between 0.03 and 0.2. It is still further preferred however that the metal ratio lie within the range of 0.035 to 0.175.
- the concentration of tetraethyllead in the gasoline is not by itself particularly critical, that is, the co-antiknock agents are effective with any octane number-improving amount of tetraethyllead when they are used in accordance with the invention.
- the tetraethyllead concentration per se is not particularly critical it is nevertheless of considerable importance; for the co-antiknock compounds are even more effective at higher concentrations of tetraethyllead so long as the metal ratio is maintained within the above defined limits.
- the TEL is normally employed at concentrations not exceeding 3 or 4 and 6 cc.
- the co-antiknock agents are nevertheless effective at even higher concentrations of TEL, for example, as high as 2 cc. TEL/gallon. From the preceding data it is of course apparent that the silicon-containing co-antiknock agents are highly effective in isoparaffinic hydrocarbons. However, their use as co-antiknock agents is not limited thereto. The composition of the base fuel to which they are added does however exert a profound effect on their activity as co-antiknock agents with tetraethyllead.
- the gasoline compositions in accordance 'with the invention preferably contain essentially no normal paraffins having 7 or more carbon atoms per molecule and only small amounts, preferably not over 10%, of normal paratiins havingS or 6 carbon atoms per molecule.
- Fuel compositions containing essentially no normal parafilns having 5 or more carbon atoms per molecule are particularly preferred.
- Normal paraffins having less than 5 carbon atoms per molecule, for example normal butane, having high octane numbers, are useful to provide the gasoline with proper vapor pressure and are not deleterious to the action of the co-antiknock agents.
- Aromatics boiling below about 300 F. i.e., C aromatic hydrocarbons and lighter, have been found to be not exceed about 20% by volume of the total gasoline blend.
- the gasoline of the invention contain no more than about 10% by volume of aromatics boiling above 300 F., and no more than 30% by volume of total aromatics.
- the base gasoline contain at least A by volume, or preferably at least At% by volume, of naphthenes boiling below 300 F. for each 1% by volume of aromatics boiling above 300 F. in excess of 10% by volume of such aromatics, and preferably such amounts of light naphthenes for each 1% by volume of all of such aromatics.
- TEL was added in the form of the commercial motor
- the co-antiknock compound may be added to a gasoline which already contains the tetraethyllead primary antiknock material.
- the co-antiknock and primary antiknock compounds may be first mixed, stored, and handled as a concentrate, and added to the gasoline at a later time.
- a gasoline additive concentrate of this latter type may also contain halogen scavenger and spark plug antifouling compound.
- halogen scavenger and the primary antiknock compound, or the primary antiknock and co-antiknock compounds in the desired relative proportions and handle or store this mixture, with or without stabilizers, anti-fouling compounds, inhibitors, etc., as a concentrate for incorporation with the other components of the ultimate fuel composition.
- Such a concentrate will therefore contain from 0.0 1 to 0.25 gram of metal in the co-antiknock agent per gram of lead in the tetraethyllead.
- a concentrate contains from about 0.03 to about 0.175 gram of metal per gram of lead.
- a typical additive concentrate in accordance with the invention and containing both TEL motor mix and phosphorus compound for ignition control as well as co-antiknock agent has the following composition:
- a gasoline composition consisting essentially of a mixture of hydrocarbons having an ASTM boiling range below about 400 R, an octane number-improving amount of tetraethyllead, and an organic-silicon co-antiknock agent having the structural formula (RO) Si wherein R is a monovalent organic radical, the available valence bond of which is contained on a carbon atom, having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms per molecule and consisting only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the amount of co-antiknock agent corresponding to from about 0.01 to about 0.25 gram of silicon metal contained in the co-antiknock agent per gram of lead metal contained in the tetraethyllead, said mixture of hydrocarbons being comprised of (1) no more than 50% by volume aromatics, (2) no more than about 30% by volume olefins, (3) no more than about 20% by volume each of isoparafiin and aromatics boiling above about 300 F., (4) no more than about 10% by volume each of normal parafiin
- the fuel composition of claim 1 which is comprised of (1) no more than about 30% by volume of aromatics, (2) no more than about 20% by volume each of olefins and aromatics boiling above about 300 F., (3) no more than about 10% by volume each of isoparaffins boiling above about 300 F. and naphthenes boiling above about 300 F. and (4) essentially no normal parafiins having greater than 4 carbon atoms per molecule, and further characterized as having an equivalent amount of co-antiknock antagonists (A not exceeding 50+0.75N wherein A and N are defined as hereinbefore in the specification.
- a gasoline additive concentrate composition consisting essentially of a mixture of tetraethyllead and a co-antiknock agent having-the structural formula Ronsr wherein R is a monovalent organic radical, the available valence bond of which is contained on a carbon atom, having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms per molecule and consisting only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the amount of co-antiknock agent corresponding to from about 0.01 to about 0.25 gram of silicon metal contained in the co-antiknock agent per gram of lead metal contained in the tetraethyllead.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT649910D IT649910A (fi) | 1960-03-29 | ||
| BE601843D BE601843A (fi) | 1960-03-29 | ||
| US18256A US3063818A (en) | 1960-03-29 | 1960-03-29 | Gasoline composition |
| GB11087/61A GB915218A (en) | 1960-03-29 | 1961-03-27 | Fuel compositions |
| FR856906A FR1284977A (fr) | 1960-03-29 | 1961-03-27 | Composition de carburant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18256A US3063818A (en) | 1960-03-29 | 1960-03-29 | Gasoline composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3063818A true US3063818A (en) | 1962-11-13 |
Family
ID=21787019
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18256A Expired - Lifetime US3063818A (en) | 1960-03-29 | 1960-03-29 | Gasoline composition |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3063818A (fi) |
| BE (1) | BE601843A (fi) |
| GB (1) | GB915218A (fi) |
| IT (1) | IT649910A (fi) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4781728A (en) * | 1985-04-29 | 1988-11-01 | Union Oil Company Of California | Octane enhancers for fuel compositions |
| US5032144A (en) * | 1985-04-29 | 1991-07-16 | Union Oil Company Of California | Octane enhancers for fuel compositions |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2398282A (en) * | 1944-11-27 | 1946-04-09 | Ethyl Corp | Antiknock agent |
| GB746036A (en) * | 1952-03-19 | 1956-03-07 | Du Pont | Hydrocarbon motor fuel and antiknock agent therefor |
| GB780581A (en) * | 1954-04-15 | 1957-08-07 | Reginald Frank Milton | Improvements relating to petroleum fuels |
| US2818417A (en) * | 1955-07-11 | 1957-12-31 | Ethyl Corp | Cyclomatic compounds |
| CA574644A (en) * | 1959-04-21 | B. Ewan Evan | Motor fuels | |
| US2901336A (en) * | 1957-05-15 | 1959-08-25 | Ethyl Corp | Antiknock compositions |
| US2913413A (en) * | 1957-09-13 | 1959-11-17 | Ethyl Corp | Compositions for engine operation |
-
0
- BE BE601843D patent/BE601843A/xx unknown
- IT IT649910D patent/IT649910A/it unknown
-
1960
- 1960-03-29 US US18256A patent/US3063818A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1961
- 1961-03-27 GB GB11087/61A patent/GB915218A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA574644A (en) * | 1959-04-21 | B. Ewan Evan | Motor fuels | |
| US2398282A (en) * | 1944-11-27 | 1946-04-09 | Ethyl Corp | Antiknock agent |
| GB746036A (en) * | 1952-03-19 | 1956-03-07 | Du Pont | Hydrocarbon motor fuel and antiknock agent therefor |
| GB780581A (en) * | 1954-04-15 | 1957-08-07 | Reginald Frank Milton | Improvements relating to petroleum fuels |
| US2818417A (en) * | 1955-07-11 | 1957-12-31 | Ethyl Corp | Cyclomatic compounds |
| US2901336A (en) * | 1957-05-15 | 1959-08-25 | Ethyl Corp | Antiknock compositions |
| US2913413A (en) * | 1957-09-13 | 1959-11-17 | Ethyl Corp | Compositions for engine operation |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4781728A (en) * | 1985-04-29 | 1988-11-01 | Union Oil Company Of California | Octane enhancers for fuel compositions |
| US5032144A (en) * | 1985-04-29 | 1991-07-16 | Union Oil Company Of California | Octane enhancers for fuel compositions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE601843A (fi) | |
| GB915218A (en) | 1963-01-09 |
| IT649910A (fi) |
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