US3061519A

US3061519A - Hair dressing composition

Info

Publication number: US3061519A
Application number: US17470A
Authority: US
Inventors: David De L Rosekrans
Original assignee: Procter and Gamble Co
Current assignee: Procter and Gamble Co
Priority date: 1960-03-25
Filing date: 1960-03-25
Publication date: 1962-10-30
Anticipated expiration: 1979-10-30
Also published as: GB940188A

Description

A ate i This invention relates to an aqueous-alcohol hair dressing composition containing a water soluble silicone and a water soluble lower alkoxy polyoxyalkylene glycol or polyoxyalkylene diol.

Aqueous-alcohol hair dressing compositions containing lower alkoxy polyoxyalkylene glycols as hair grooming agents are known but such compositions are lacking in that they groom the hair well but do not provide luster to the hair which has heretofore been obtained with greasy hair dressings such as those made from mineral oil. (Greasy hair dressings have the disadvantages of staining pillows, furniture, hat bands etc. and of being diificult to wash from the hair andhands.) Moreover, aqueousalcohol hair dressing compositions containing the usual lower alkoxy polyoxyalkylene glycols require additives to prevent separation at lower temperatures.

It is an object of this invention to provide an aqueous alcoholic hair dressing composition which has excellent grooming properties and which will produce an outstanding luster to the hair without greasiness.

It is another object of this invention to provide an aqueous alcoholic hair dressing composition which is clear, and transparent, which can be washed from the comb and hands with water and which does not separate even under extreme cooling.

It was found that these and other objects are achieved in an aqueous-alcohol hair dressing containing a particular water soluble siloxane oxyalkylene block copolyrner as a luster imparting agent and a particular type of Water soluble lower alkoxy polyoxyalkylene glycol or polyoxyalkylene diol as a grooming agent which will not separate at low temperatures and which does not require the use of a separation prevention additive.

The water soluble siloxane oxyalkylene block copolymers used as a luster imparting agent in the composition of the present invention have the general formula ((0113) ZSiO)D( nH2nO) 104 9 ogrusi or ona)isio) o..nzno .cirn

O(kCH3)2Sl.O)i-( n 2nO) 2 4 0 where the average values of p, q and r are each about 6 and z is an integer of about 30 and the (C H O) unit is a mixed polyoxyethyleneoxypropylene block containing an average of about 17 oxyethylene units and 13 oxypropylene units. These silicones are described in detail in US. Patent 2,834,748 issued to D. L. Bailey and F. M. OConner. They are completely soluble in the waterethanol mixtures and compatible with the hair grooming agent in the compositions of the present invention. They are non-greasy when applied to the hair. They provide a luster on the hair at least equal to the luster provided by mineral oil hair dressing preparations. Surprisingly it was found that if the luster imparted to the hair by the siliconecontaining compositions of this invention fades after a period oftime, the luster is'immediately restored upon ordinary combing or brushing. The silicone compounds which are customarily used in cosmetics are water insoluble. The use of such insoluble silicones in hair dressing compositions would result in a product which would be difficult to wash off the hands and hair and which would be diflicult to make clear and homogeneous. Such insoluble silicones might be emulsified, but emulsifiers would cause foaming of the hair dressing which is undesirable. The above described si-loxane oxyalkylene block copolymers appear to be unique in the solubility, compatibility and luster-imparting qualities which make them outstanding ingredients in the hair dressing compositions of this invention.

The hair dressing should contain about 0.3% to about 15% of the siloxane-oxyalkylene block copolymer luster imparting agent. (All percentages, parts and ratios used herein are by weight.) If less than about 0.3% is used the luster eflect is not apparent. If more than about 15% is used there is no noticeable increase in luster. 0.5% to 2% is preferred.

The grooming agent used in the hair dressing compositions of this invention is a Water soluble lower alkoxy polyoxyalkylene glycol or polyoxyalkylene diol in which the oxyalkylene is a mixture of oxyethylene and oxypropylene in a ratio of about 3:1 to about 1:3 and which have an average molecular weight greater than about 900 and not greater than about 4000. Lower alkoxy is intended to include alkoxy radicals ranging in carbon atom content from 1 to about 6. Polyoxyethyleneoxypropylene diols are described in US. Patent 2,425,845 issued to Toussaints et al. The butoxy polyoxyalkylene glycols having the oxyalkylene characteristics described above are the preferred grooming agents in the compositions of the present invention, particularly wherein the oxyethylene and oxypropylene are in about equal parts by weight. However, other alkoxy polyoxyalkylene glycols can be used; for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, pentoxy and hexoxy polyoxyethyleneoxypropylene glycols, wherein the ratio of oxyethylene to oxypropylene is in the range of 3 :1 to 1:3, are excellent as hair grooming agents in the compositions described herein.

The above-described hair grooming agent is highly satisfactory in a hair dressing composition. Its oily characteristics impart grooming properties to the composition, but the agent is water soluble and therefore does not have the undesirable greasy properties of the usual hair oils such as mineral oil. Moreover, being water soluble, it can be easily combined with water (which has desirable hair setting properties) without the need for emulsifying agents. Furthermore, as mentioned above, no separation-prevention additives have to be used with the hair grooming agent to maintain a clear, homogeneous composition. This is attributable to the above-specified balance of oxyethylene and oxypropylene, i.e. the 1:3 to 3:1 ratio range.

The hair dressing should contain about 10% to about 55% of the hair grooming agent, i.e. the 'alkoxy polyoxyalkylene glycol or polyoxyalkylene diol as described above. If less than about 10% is used, the hair grooming effect is not lasting or satisfactory. No more than about 55% is used in order to permit the inclusion of water and ethanol in sufficient amounts to provide a clear, fluid, homogeneous product. 20% to 30% is the preferred amount of hair grooming agent. The hair groom agent and luster imparting agent should not total more than about 60% of the composition. i

Ethanol is used with water in the solvent portion of the compositions of this invention. Ethanol is preferred over other solvents because it does not involve the toxicity problems of methanol or the odor problems of isopropanol or the evaporation problems of the higher alcohols. Pure ethanol or ethanol containing the usual denaturants can be used; the bitter denaturants are preferred over methanol as a denaturant.

The hair dressing composition of this invention should contain from about 25% to about 70% water. At least about 25% water is necessary to provide, with the ethanol, a fluid vehicle for the hair dressing and to provide a hair setting action. About 70% water is the most that can be used and still permit the inclusion of ethan01, the hair grooming agent and the luster imparting agent. 25% to 50% water is preferred.

The hair dressing composition should contain from about to about 60% ethanol. At least about 10% ethanol is necessary to inhibit hydrolysis of the siloxaneoxyalkylene block copolymer luster imparting agent in the composition. This block copolymer tends to break down after a time if used solely with water or when the ethanol content of the hair dressing is less than about 10%. Also at least about 10% ethanol is necessary to provide a non-greasy feel to the hair dressing because of its tendency to reduce viscosity and surface tension. Ethanol is also useful to dissolve any perfume oils used in the hair dressing thereby insuring a clear product. Ethanol also acts to reduce any undesirable sudsing tendency of the dressing. Ethanol is a useful constituent (I the hair dressing since it evaporates rapidly after application, giving a cooling, tingling sensation to the scalp. Ethanol also has useful antiseptic properties. Not more than about 60% ethanol should be used in order to permit the inclusion of water, hair grooming agent and luster imparting agent. 20% to 50% ethanol is preferred.

Various minor ingredients can be added to the composition of this invention to make it more attractive in appearance or use, but are not necessary. Examples of such minor ingredients are: up to about 1% color (in up to about 1% solution); up to about 5% of a thickening agent such as methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; up to about 2% perfume; up to about 0.1% of antifoa-ming agents such as silicone foam depressants. From about 0.1% to about 5% of a germicidal agent, such as dodecyl or cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride or benzethonium chloride, is a very desirable additive to the hair dressing. Such germicidal agents can be buffered if desired.

The hair dressing composition of this invention is illustrated by the following examples.

EXAMPLE I A hair dressing composition was obtained by uniformly mixing together the following ingredients:

24.0 parts butoxypolyoxyethyleneoxypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1200 and a viscosity of 400 Saybolt Universal seconds at 100 F. wherein the oxyethylene and oxypropylene are in equal parts 1.0 part mixture of siloxane-oxyalkylene block copolymers having the general formula where the average values of p, q and r are each 6, z is 30 and the (C H O) unit is a mixed polyoxyethyleneoxypropylene block containing an average of 17 oxyethylene units and 13 oxypropylene units.

0.2 part perfume 0.01 part Antifoam B (Dow-Corning silicone foam depressant) 45.0 parts ethanol 27.73 parts water .06 part color (1% aqueous solution) The hair dressing was a clear, transparent and homogeneous fluid. It showed no tendency to separate or become cloudy even after long shelf-life tests or after being cooled to temperatures as low as 0 F.

When the hair dressing was worked into human hair' (male subject), excellent grooming of the hair was ob-' tained when it was combed or brushed. There was no greasiness. The hair dressing was Washed from the comb and hands easily with plain water.

When the hair was combed after application of the dressing, it had an outstanding luster. The luster was at least equal to the luster obtained by using a greasy, mineral oil hair dressing. The luster was superior to a hair dressing composition as set forth in this example which omitted the siloxane oxyalkylene block copolymer, and superior to hair without dressing or with other dressings as set forth in Table I below.

The procedure for measuring luster utilizes a recording goniophotometer, the principles of which are described in an article by R. S. Hunter, entitled Gloss Evaluation of Materials, ASTM Bulletin No. 186, December 1952, page 48.

The following procedure was used when measuring the luster of hair:

(1) A 5 gram switch of hair was prepared without thinning the ends. It was then Washed in a shampoo anddried.

(2) The luster of the clean hair without dressing was measured with the goniophotorneter.

(3) 0.2 gram of hair dressing was applied to the hair with an eyedropper. The hair switch was then combed for 30 seconds. Combing' Was done in only on direction, alternating the sides of the switch.

(4) The luster of the switch was measured with the goniophotometer 30 seconds after combing was stopped.

The following results were obtained with six switches of hair, each switch having the same characteristics and each switch being tested as noted above. The same procedure was used with each switch that was treated with hair dressing.

Table I Hair Dressing: Luster value Composition of ExampleI 88 Composition of Example I without the siloxane oxyalkylene block copolymer 77.5 Mineral oil 87 Ethanol 76 Hair dressing containing 70% ethanol, 18%

butoxy polyoxypropylene glycol and the remainder water 76 Clean switch without dressing 77.5

/2% benzethonium chloride, a cationic germicide, was added to the composition of Example I without affecting its physical or hair dressing characteristics. 'However, it provided the hair dressing with an effective germicidal action. 2% buffered dodecyl or cetyl dime thyl benzyl ammonium chloride can also be used as a germicidal agent.

The following hair grooming agents can be substituted in equal amounts for the butoxy polyoxyethyleneoxypropylene glycol in Example I with substantially equal results:

Butoxy polyoxyethyleneoxypropylene glycol having a molecular Weight of 2650 and a viscosity of 2000 Saybolt Universal seconds at F., wherein the oxyethylene and oxypropylene are in equal parts;

Polyoxyethyleneoxypropylene diol having a molecular weight of 990 and a viscosity of 450 Saybolt Universal seconds at 100 F wherein the ratio of oxyethylene to oxypropylene is 3:1.

EXAMPLE n Hair dressing compositions having characteristics substantially equivalent to those of the composition in Ex ample I were obtained by uniformly mixing the following ingredients in the proportions indicated respectively for the different compositions.

Compositions A and D, because of their high water content had slightly better hair setting properties than the composition of Example I. Composition A, wherein the water is about 45 parts, and additionally contains about 2 par-ts of a germicidal agent, is the preferred hair dressing composition of this invention.

Composition D, because of the presence of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose was a homogeneous, clear, very viscous fluid, having a viscosity of 50,000 cp. at 80 F. It is especially useful for being dispensed from a soft metal or plastic tube.

What is claimed is:

1. A clear fluid homogeneous hair dressing composition consisting essentially of (a) as a hair grooming agent from about to about 55% of a compound selected from the group consisting of water soluble lower alkoxy polyoxyalkylene glycols and polyoxyalkylene di- 01s, the oxyalkylene in said compound being a mixture of oxyethylene and oxypropylene in a weight ratio of about 3 :1 to about 1:3, and the average molecular weight of said compound being greater than about 900 and not greater than about 4000; (b) as a luster imparting agent from about 0.3% to about water soluble siloxane oxyalkylene block copolymers having the general formula wherein the average values of p, q and r are each about 6, z is an integer of about 30 and the (C H O) unit is a mixed polyoxyethyleneoxypropylene block containing an average of about 17 oxyethylene units and 13 oxypropylene units; (c) from about 20% to about 60% ethanol; (d) from about to about 70% water; all percentages being by weight; the total percent of ingredient (a) and ingredient (b) being not greater than about 60%.

2. A clear fluid homogeneous hair dressing composition consisting essentially of (a) as a hair grooming agent from 20% to 30% of a compound selected from the group consisting of water soluble lower alkoxy polyoxyalkylene glycols and polyoxyalkylene diols, the oXyalk-ylene in said compound being a mixture of oxyethylene and oxypropylene in a weight ratio of about 3:1 to about 1:3, and the average molecular weight of said compound being greater than about 900 and not greater than about 4000; (b) as a luster imparting agent from 0.5% to 2% water soluble siloxane oxyalkylene block copolymers having the general formula wherein the average values of p, q and r are each about 6, z is an integer of about 30 and the (C H o) unit is a mixed polyoxyethyleneoxypropylene block containing an average of about 17 oxyethylene units and 13 oxypropylene units; (c) from 20% to ethanol; (d) from 25% to 50% water; all percentages being by weight.

3. The composition of claim 2 wherein ingredient (a) comprises butoxy polyoxyethyleneoxypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 1200 and the oxyethylene and oxypropylene are in about equal parts by weight and which contains from about 0.1% to about 5% of a quaternary ammonium germicidal agent.

4. A clear homogeneous hair dressing composition consisting essentially of about 1 part water soluble siloxane oxyalkylene block copolymers having the general formula 0 B)2S 0)p(Gn 2nO) zC H C2H5Si-O ((CHa) zsio) q(C n ZnO) 1 4 0 O((OH3)ZSiO)r(OnHflnO) 1104119 wherein the average values of p, q and r are each about 6, z is an integer of about 30 and the (C H O) unit is a mixed polyoxyethyleneoxypropylene block containing an average of about 17 oxyethylene units and 13 propylene units, about 24 parts butoxy polyoxyethyleneoxypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 1200 and wherein the oxyethylene and oxypropylene are in about equal parts, about 45 parts water, about 28 parts ethanol and about 2 parts quaternary ammonium germicidal agent, all parts being by weight.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,771,394 Mehafr'ey Nov. 20, 1956 2,825,693 Beaubien et a1 4, 1958 2,834,748 Bailey et al. May 13, 1958 2,917,480 Bailey et al. Dec. 15, 1959 :UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,061,519 October 30, 1962 David de L. Rosekrans It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 3, line 30, for ."0" read of column 6, line 35, for "C4110" read 11113.40, for ."propylene'fv read oxypropylene Signed and sealed this 9th day of April 1963 (SEAL) Attest:

ESTON G. JOHNSON Attesting Officer DAVID L. LADD Commissioner of Patents

Claims

1.A CLEAR FLUID HOMOGENEOUS HAIR DRESSING COMPOSI-TION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF (A) AS A HAIR GROOMINGG AGENT FROM ABOUT 10% TO ABOUT 55% OF A COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF WATER SOLUBLE LOWER ALKOXY POLYOXALKYLENE GLYCOLS AND POLYOXYALKYLENE DI-E OLS, THE OXYALKYLENE IN SAID COMPOUND BEING A MIXTURE OF OXYETHYLENE AND OXYPROPYLENE IN A WEIGHT RATIO OF ABOUT 3:1 TO ABOUT 1:3, AND THE AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF SAID COMPOUND BEING GREATER THAN ABOUT 900 AND NOT GREATER THAN ABOUT 4000; (B) AS A LUSTER IMPARTING AGENT FROM ABOUT 0.3% TO ABOUT 15% WATER SOLUBLE SILOXANE OXYALKYLENE BLOCK COPLYMERS HAVING THE GENERAL FORMULA