US3054664A - Apparatus for the catalytic conversion of vehicular exhaust gases - Google Patents

Apparatus for the catalytic conversion of vehicular exhaust gases Download PDF

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Publication number
US3054664A
US3054664A US854726A US85472659A US3054664A US 3054664 A US3054664 A US 3054664A US 854726 A US854726 A US 854726A US 85472659 A US85472659 A US 85472659A US 3054664 A US3054664 A US 3054664A
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chamber
compartment
manifold
catalyst
muffler
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US854726A
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English (en)
Inventor
Frank V Purse
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Universal Oil Products Co
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Universal Oil Products Co
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Priority to NL111996D priority Critical patent/NL111996C/xx
Application filed by Universal Oil Products Co filed Critical Universal Oil Products Co
Priority to US854726A priority patent/US3054664A/en
Priority to US27201A priority patent/US3068079A/en
Priority to DEU7595A priority patent/DE1293792B/de
Priority to FR844698A priority patent/FR1279522A/fr
Priority to GB40070/60A priority patent/GB952757A/en
Application granted granted Critical
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2846—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration specially adapted for granular supports, e.g. pellets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2885—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2889—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with heat exchangers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/10—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for avoiding stress caused by expansions or contractions due to temperature variations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2310/00—Selection of sound absorbing or insulating material
    • F01N2310/02—Mineral wool, e.g. glass wool, rock wool, asbestos or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/08—Granular material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/04—Filling or emptying a chamber with granular material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/10—Tubes having non-circular cross section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/18—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2490/00—Structure, disposition or shape of gas-chambers
    • F01N2490/16—Chambers with particular shapes, e.g. spherical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2530/00—Selection of materials for tubes, chambers or housings
    • F01N2530/02—Corrosion resistive metals
    • F01N2530/04—Steel alloys, e.g. stainless steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2530/00—Selection of materials for tubes, chambers or housings
    • F01N2530/06—Aluminium or alloys thereof

Definitions

  • This invention relates to catalytic apparatus and in particular to a combination catalytic converter and acoustic muflier useful in the conversion and/ or purification of the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, especially those employed in automobiles, trucks, and other vehicles.
  • the hot gases issuing from the motor exhaust manifold are mixed with a quantity of secondary or combustion air and the resulting mixture is passed through a fixed catalyst bed which effects more or less complete oxidation of the carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons present in the exhaust gases, converting them to carbon dioxide and Water.
  • Suitable catalytic apparatus therefor must -be constructed to meet a number of unique requirements.
  • a catalytic converter have a pressure drop at least as low and preferably lower.
  • the catalytic converter must be fabricated of relatively light gauge sheet metal, which, under these high temperature conditions, is subjected to severe thermal gradients. Muiers of conventional design, which have been merely modified to contain a bed of catalyst, and even when constructed of stainless steel, have been rapidly and virtually completely destroyed by deformation, split seams, etc. as a result of uneven thermal expansion. A practical catalytic converter should therefore be designed to provide for equalization of thermal stresses whereby differential stresses within its walls are kept well Within the elastic limit of the material of construction. Third, the converter internals should be arranged so that uniform distribution of exhaust gas flow through the catalyst bed is maintained in order to achieve maximum catalyst life and maximum conversion.
  • the converter should be capable of functioning not only as a catalyst holder but also as an 3,54,664 Patented Sept. 18, 1962 acoustic muffler whereby to obviate the need for an auxiliary muffler.
  • One embodiment of this invention relates to a catalytic muffler comprising in combination an enclosed chamber defined by a longitudinal wall having an interior whose transverse cross section is a regular plane figure having more than four axes of symmetry co-planar therewith, a pair of perforated baffle members spaced along the longitudinal axis of said chamber, said baffle members being connected to the inner surface of said chamber and dividing said chamber into two manifold spaces separated by an intermediate space adapted to contain a mass of solid packing material, an inlet conduit and an outlet conduit entering said chamber and extending through at least a portion of said intermediate space and separately communicating with respective manifold spaces.
  • the present invention provides a catalytic muffler comprising in combination an enclosed chamber defined by a cylindrical diametrically elongated side Wall and end closure members therefor, a pair of axially spaced perforated discs connected to the interior peripheral surface of said side Wall and dividing said chamber into two manifold spaces separated by an intermediate space adapted to contain a mass of solid packing material, each of said discs having an enlarged opening therethrough the center of which is radially offset from the center of the disc and the centers of said enlarged openings being circumferentially spaced approximately apart with respect to the common central axis of said discs, an inlet conduit and an outlet conduit entering said chamber through said side wall, said conduits extending radially through a portion of said intermediate space and therein connecting with said enlarged openings whereby sai-d inlet and outlet conduits separately communicate with respective manifold spaces.
  • a basic feature which is common to all embodiments of the invention is the provision of an enclosed catalyst chamber whose transverse cross-section is substantially symmetrical with respect to its longitudinal axis and wherein the gas inlet and outlet points are substantially centrally disposed with respect both to the chamber itself and to the catalyst bed.
  • the longitudinal axis of the chamber is defined as the central axis thereof which is parallel to the average direction of ow through the catalyst bed.
  • the transverse cross-section of the chamber may assume the form of a regular polygon of n sides, i.e., a pentagon, hexagon, Octagon, etc.; or, it may be circular which is preferred because of absolute symmetry and ease of fabrication.
  • the transverse cross-section of the chamber may be any regular plane figure having more than four axes of symmetry co-planar therewith; this generic description is definitive of, and is so intended to include, any regular polygon having five sides or more, as well as a circle.
  • a second essential provision of this invention is the use of one end closure member or end wall as the inlet manifold and other end wall as the outlet manifold.
  • an essentially 3 uniform temperature pattern, or temperature symmetry obtains throughout the catalyst bed and, more importantly, throughout the end walls and side wall of the chamber during operation.
  • the catalytic muiiier in a specific aspect, it is a particular feature of the catalytic muiiier to provide a transversely elongated catalyst chamber, the longitudinal wall-of the chamber being considerably shorter than the end closure walls, so that the thickness of the catalyst bed parallel to the direction of the gas flow therethrough is substantially less than the average width of thebed or diameter thereof in the case of a circular bed.
  • This arrangement is desirable inthat it minimizes the differential pressure across the bed while providing a relatively large catalyst Volume, and further is conservative of the physical space required for the installation of the muifler, a consideration of no little importance in the case of automobiles having low clearance Ybetween oor board and road.
  • FIGURE 1 of the drawing is an elevational section of a preferred embodiment of the catalytic muserverr and FIGURE 2 is a sectional plan view of the apparatus shown in FIGURE l.
  • FIGURES 3 and 4 are plan views of alternative embodiments of the muffler. 1 ⁇
  • the muffler comprises a circular, diametrically elongated longitudinal wall 1 to which are connected upper and lower end closure members or heads 2 and 2 respectively, thereby forming an enclosed chamber of circular cross section having a central longitudinal axis a-a.
  • upper and lower, etc. are used here purely for descriptive convenience since the muier may be mounted in any position, although for its primary Vpurpose of being installed in a vehicle exhaust line, it is preferably oriented as illustrated.
  • Upper and lower horizontalbaiile plates 3 and 3' containing perforations 4 and 4' respectively are connected to side wall 1 and divide the chamber into an upper inlet manifold space 10, an intermediate space containing a bed of catalyst 11, and a lower outlet manifold space i'.
  • the perforated baille members 3 and 3' may instead be woven wire screens or screens reinforced by perforated baille plates or discs.
  • An inlet conduit 5 enters circular wall 1 and extends radially through catalyst bed 11 a distance of slightly less than one-half the diameter of the bed, then terminates in an upwardly directed 90 bend connecting with an enlarged opening 7 in plate 3.
  • an outlet conduit 6 enters circular Wall 1 at a point therein substantially diametrcally opposite the entrance point of conduit 5 and extends radially through catalyst bed 11, then terminates in a downwardly directed 90 bend connecting with an enlarged opening 7 in plate 3'.
  • Conduits 5 and 6 are reinforced, as well as retained in the desired position of alignment, by means of supporting clips 17 and 17' which are connected to their respective conduits and to end heads 2 and 2' respectively.
  • Conduits 5 and 6 are in abutting tangential contact at point 16 and are mechanically joined thereat, as by welding, so that the two conduits form a comparatively rigid longitudinal supporting member for the whole muler which substantially relieves the side wall, end heads, and perforated discs from having to withstand flexing or twisting stresses or to absorb vibrations or road shocks incident to the operation of a motor vehicle; this arrangement also provides a central tension member connecting end heads 2 and 2 which additionally reinforces these elements against internal pressure.
  • the immediate area of discs 3 and 3 surrounding openings 7 and 7 is made imperforate or is sealed olf by suitable sealing means such as imperforate annular baille plates 8 and 8'; their function is to prevent the existence of a preferential ow path between openings 7 and 7 through bed 11, thereby promoting better distribution of the exhaust gases owing into and out of the catalyst bed.
  • disc 3 supports the weight of the catalyst bed; when desired, additional support for disc 3 may be furnished by means of supporting members such as a plurality of radially extending, circumferentially spaced braces 9 which are disposed between disc 3 and lower head 2' and are suitably connected thereto. Further reinforcement for both discs 3 and 3' may be provided by a number of circumferentially spaced longitudinal strut members or tie-rods 12 which are bolted or welded to each disc and extend therebetween; struts 12 lend rigidity to the assembly of perforated discs and act to prevent longitudinal deiiection thereof.
  • the exterior of the catalyst chamber may be covered,
  • insulating material 15 which insulation may comprise a mineral wool.
  • a number of spacer members 14 are connected to the exterior surface of the chamber and project through insulating layer 15, serving as a supporting and spacing means for outer skin 13, the latter being fabricated of sheet metal and having the same general shape as the catalyst chamber.
  • Skin 13 serves to retain the insulation and to protect it from road dirt, water, stones, etc.
  • the purpose of the insulation is (l) to conserve heat and permit rapid activation of the catalyst following engine start-up, and (2) to protect the floor board, wiring, brake lines and other automotive equipment adjacent the mufller from excessively high temperatures. In warm climates it may i only be necessary to insulate the top half of the muffler.
  • the muiller internals including the side wall, end heads, baifles, conduits and brace work are preferably constructed of a heat-resistant alloy such as one of the various stainless steels, Inconel, etc.
  • the muffler Prior toV assembly, the muffler is lled with the desired oxidation catalyst.
  • suitable oxidation catalysts include the metals and their oxides of groups I, V, VI and VIII of the periodic table, particularly copper, silver, vanadium, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel and platinum.
  • catalysts may be used singly, in combination with two or more, or may be composited with an inorganic refractory oxide such as alumina, silica-alumina, silica-boria, silica-alumina-zirconia, and the like.
  • the physical shape of the catalyst may be in the form of spheres, cylinders, cubes, pellets, etc., typically having a major dimension of s to M: inch.
  • Such catalysts have an activation temperature in the rangeof 30G-900 F., and normally operate in the range of 900-1400 F., although during deceleration or under unusual circumstances, excessive concentration of combustibles may periodically run the temperature as high as 1800 F.
  • the catalytic mufer may be installed in the vehicle exhaust line in place of a conventional muffler or may be positioned more closely adjacent the engine exhaust manifold.
  • the portion of the exhaust line upstream of the muier may be insulated to conserve heat.
  • exhaust gases from the engine exhaust manifold are mixed with secondary air from a suitable injector or compressor; the resulting mixture, which is combustible when in contact with the catalyst, enters conduit 5 and, in being conducted through a portion of the bed 11, pre-heats the bed by indirect heat exchange whereby to approach the reaction temperature and thus effects a more rapid activation of the catalyst after start-up from cold conditions.
  • the inowing gases pass through the pipe elbow and are directed upwardly into inlet manifold 10, the major portion of the gases impinging on the inner surface of top head 2. Within manifold the gases undergo a 90 change of direction and are uniformly distributed outwardly across the upper surface of baflie 3.
  • Downilow operation is also advantageous in that upper head 2, forming the inlet manifold, is normally several hundred degrees cooler than lower head 2'; since upper head 2 is most closely adjacent the oorboard of the automobile, the latter will not be subjected to unusually high temperatures in the event that insulation is not employed.
  • head 2 also of head 2'
  • the inner surface, at least, of heads 2 and 2' may be circular as shown in FIGURE 1, conical, elliptical or in fact any surface of revolution which is concave toward the catalyst bed.
  • This design provides a manifold zone of decreasing thickness at increasing radial distance from central axis a-a.
  • the present invention operates not only ⁇ as a catalytic converter but also as an acoustic muffler.
  • Such muier .action is achieved by the particular ⁇ disposition of conduits 5 and 6 as shown in FIGURES 1 and 2. Since the inlet and outlet conduits are oppositely directed, sound pulses cannot travel through the rnuflier undeflected as would be true in the case of axially aligned conduits, but the pulses are instead broken up.
  • openings 7 and 7' are also not in axial alignment, but the centers thereof are radially offset a short distance from axis a-a and are spaced 4approximately 180 apart; this arrangement makes the enclosed chamber, as a whole, acoustically asymmetric and prevents the generation of standing Waves therein.
  • FIGURES 3 and 4 of the drawing are plan views of other possible modifications of the catalytic muffler wherein the transverse cross-section of the catalyst chamber is polygonal, rather than circular.
  • longitudinal w-all 20 forms a pentagon
  • land in FIGURE 4 wall 21 forms an ootagon.
  • a circular cross-section is preferred.
  • other regular shapes may be employed when desired.
  • conduits 5 and 6 as extending through side wall 1 at substantially diameterically opposite points therein, or spaced about 180 apart, such provision is not vessential to the invention and various other configurations will be apparent to the designer.
  • a particullarly desirable embodiment for use with trucks involves extending the conduits through end heads Zand 2' instead of through .side wall 1; for example, conduit 5 may enter lower head 2', and extend longitudinally upwardly through bed 11 to communicate with opening 7 in upper plate 3, while conduit 6 is extended through upper head 2 and longitudinally downwardly through bed 11 to communicate with opening 7 in lower plate 3'.
  • the conduits may be joined together ⁇ at their point of contact, as described above.
  • the preferred downilow operation, the reversal of flow at inlet and outlet, and the acoustic asymmetry are all features which are retained by this alternative design. All of these variations will achieve the desired temperature symmetry, provided, of course, Ithat openings 7 :and 7' are substantially centrally disposed.
  • contact materials other than catalysts may be employed in the :muffler at the option of the designer, for example, the muiller may contain, in whole lor in part, activated carbon, silica gel or other adsorbent.
  • the contact material may be granular or particle-form, but it may comprise other well-known types of ceramic, refractory, or metal packing material such as Raschig rings, partition rings, spiral partition rings, Berl saddles, grid packing, honeycomb -ilter blocks, and the like, upon which may be deposited a suitable catalytically active composite or adsorbent.
  • the catalyst may be omitted in which event the solid packing material may be catalytically inert and will function primarily as a sound-absorbing medium.
  • the packing material may be in the form of a plurality of closely spaced perforated partitioning members to provide a .tortuous dow path therethrough, or simply a mass of mineral wool, such as glass or asbestos fibers.
  • the catalytic muer may 'be used with diesel and natural gas engines as well as with gasoline-powered engines yand may be utilized in connection with the larger stationery prime rnovers commonly found in refineries, chemical plants, and pipe line compressor stations.
  • a muier comprising a longitudinal wall and spaced end closure members forming a closed chamber whose transverse cross-section i-s substantially symmetrical with respect to its longitudinal axis, a pair of parallel perforated bafes connected to the inner surface of said 'longitudinal wall and spaced from ⁇ each other and from said end closure members to form within said chamber a first manifold compartment between one of said closure members and one of said articless, a second manifold compartment between the other closure member and the '7 other bathe and an intermedia-te compartment adapted to contain a mass of solid material between said first and second compartments, an imperforate inlet conduit ex# tending through said longitudinal Wall into said intermediate compartment an-d terminating in a 90 bend communicating with said first manifold compartment near the longitudinal axis of said chamber, and imperforate outlet conduit extending through said longitudinal wall into Said intermediate compartment in spaced relation to the inlet conduit and terminating in an oppositely directed 90 bend communicating with said second manifold compartment near
  • a mufer comprising a cylindrical Wall and spaced end closure members forming a closed chamber of circular cross-section, a pair of axially spaced parallel perforated bales connected to the inner surface of said cylindrical wall and spaced from said end closure members to form within said chamber a first manifold compartment -between one of said closure members and one of said ams, a second manifold compartment between the other closure member and the other bathe and an intermediate compartment adapted to contain a mass of solid material between said rst and second compartments, an imperforate inlet conduit extending through said cylindrical wall into said intermediate compartment and terminating in a 90 bend communicating with said rst manifold compartment near the axis of said chamber, and an imperforate outlet conduit extending through said cylindrical wall into said intermediate compartment in spaced relation to the inlet conduit and terminating in an oppositely directed 90 bend communicating with said second manifold compartment near the axis of said chamber.
  • the mulier of claim 2 further characterized in that the diameter of said chamber is greater than its thickness along the centr-al axis thereof.
  • the muffler of claim 1 further characterized in that the transverse cross-section of said chamber is a regular polygon having at least five sides.
  • the muifler of claim 1 further characterized in that a layer of heat insulating material covers at least a portion of the exterior of said chamber.
  • a muffler comprising a cylindrical wall and spaced end closure members for-ming a closed chamber of ⁇ cir- ⁇ cular cross-section, a pair of axially spaced parallel perforated discs connected to Vthe inner surface of said Wall and spaced from said end closure members to form within said chamber a rst manifold compartment between one of said closure members and one of said discs, a second manifold compartment between the other closure member and the other disc and an intermediate compartment adapted to contain a mass of solid material between said first and second compartments, each of said discs having an enlarged opening therethrough near the axis of said chamber, said openings being out of axial alignment but overlapping along the axis of the chamber, an imperforate inlet conduit extending through said wall radially into said intermediate compartment and terminating in a bend communicating with said iirst manifold compartment through the opening of one of said discs, and an imperiorate outlet conduit extending through said Wall radially into said intermediate compartment in spaced relation to the inlet
  • the muler of claim 8 further characterized in that said discs are reinforced by a plurality of circumferentially spaced longitudinal strut members connected to each and extending therebetween.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
US854726A 1959-11-23 1959-11-23 Apparatus for the catalytic conversion of vehicular exhaust gases Expired - Lifetime US3054664A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL111996D NL111996C (ko) 1959-11-23
US854726A US3054664A (en) 1959-11-23 1959-11-23 Apparatus for the catalytic conversion of vehicular exhaust gases
US27201A US3068079A (en) 1959-11-23 1960-05-05 Apparatus for the conversion of exhaust gases
DEU7595A DE1293792B (de) 1959-11-23 1960-11-22 Vorrichtung zur Nachverbrennung des Abgases von Brennkraftmaschinen
FR844698A FR1279522A (fr) 1959-11-23 1960-11-22 Pot d'échappement
GB40070/60A GB952757A (en) 1959-11-23 1960-11-22 Apparatus for the conversion of waste gases

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US854726A US3054664A (en) 1959-11-23 1959-11-23 Apparatus for the catalytic conversion of vehicular exhaust gases
US27201A US3068079A (en) 1959-11-23 1960-05-05 Apparatus for the conversion of exhaust gases

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3054664A true US3054664A (en) 1962-09-18

Family

ID=26702196

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US854726A Expired - Lifetime US3054664A (en) 1959-11-23 1959-11-23 Apparatus for the catalytic conversion of vehicular exhaust gases
US27201A Expired - Lifetime US3068079A (en) 1959-11-23 1960-05-05 Apparatus for the conversion of exhaust gases

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US27201A Expired - Lifetime US3068079A (en) 1959-11-23 1960-05-05 Apparatus for the conversion of exhaust gases

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US3054664A (ko)
DE (1) DE1293792B (ko)
GB (1) GB952757A (ko)
NL (1) NL111996C (ko)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3167400A (en) * 1962-07-30 1965-01-26 Norris Thermador Corp Catalytic converter
US3174836A (en) * 1962-07-30 1965-03-23 Wright W Gary Catalytic muffler
US3615255A (en) * 1970-05-19 1971-10-26 Gen Motors Corp Catalytic converter
US4105414A (en) * 1975-12-23 1978-08-08 Alfa Romeo S.P.A. Catalytic muffler for internal combustion engines
US20090226156A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2009-09-10 Peter Heinrich High-pressure gas heating device

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3254966A (en) * 1962-06-08 1966-06-07 Universal Oil Prod Co Means for effecting catalytic conversion of exhaust gas streams
DE1293793B (de) * 1964-03-04 1969-04-30 Benteler Werke Ag Vorrichtung zur katalytischen Nachverbrennung des mit Luft gemischten Abgases von Brennkraftmaschinen
JPS52150775A (en) * 1976-06-10 1977-12-14 Toyota Motor Corp Canister for catatlytic converter and its production
DE3713964A1 (de) * 1987-04-25 1988-11-03 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Anordnung eines katalysatorgehaeuses in der abgasleitung von fahrzeug-brennkraftmaschinen
US8602159B2 (en) * 2011-08-04 2013-12-10 Chris B. Harris Compact muffler for small two-stroke internal combustion engines
US10344660B1 (en) 2016-05-02 2019-07-09 Northwest Uld, Inc. Aerodynamically conformal muffler

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1465904A (en) * 1920-01-16 1923-08-21 Frederick J Herdle Muffler
US1761471A (en) * 1926-10-12 1930-06-03 Forstel Willfried Closed exhaust box for silencing internal-combustion engines
US2071119A (en) * 1932-05-12 1937-02-16 Harger John Process and apparatus for treating furnace gases and exhaust gases from internal combustion engines
US2260578A (en) * 1940-01-06 1941-10-28 Thomas E Murray Automobile construction
US2409825A (en) * 1942-12-08 1946-10-22 Baringoltz Bernardo Process for purifying exhaust gases
US2833615A (en) * 1952-10-03 1958-05-06 Houdry Process Corp Abatement of smog in flue gases

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE653228C (de) * 1937-11-18 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Schalldaempfer
FR592159A (fr) * 1923-10-06 1925-07-28 Pot d'échappement
US1766945A (en) * 1926-02-05 1930-06-24 Firm Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Exhaust purifier
US1893372A (en) * 1929-01-11 1933-01-03 Mine Safety Appliances Co Apparatus for treating exhaust gases of internal combustion engines
DE685996C (de) * 1938-03-08 1939-12-30 Wolfgang Zoeller Dipl Ing Schalldaempfer, insbesondere fuer Brennkraftmaschinen
DE733047C (de) * 1939-12-23 1943-03-18 Fahrradwerke Bismarck A G Schalldaempfer nach dem Widerstands- oder Filterprinzip, insbesondere fuer Zweitaktbrennkraftmaschinen
DE721824C (de) * 1941-06-13 1942-06-19 Eberspaecher J Schallabschirmer am Eingangsrohr zwischen Motor und Schalldaempfer, insbesondere zumDaempfen des Leerlaufgeraeusches
US2928492A (en) * 1954-06-18 1960-03-15 Nelson Muffler Corp Exhaust muffler
FR1120954A (fr) * 1955-03-18 1956-07-18 Pot d'échappement à fonctions multiples
DE1010785B (de) * 1956-01-17 1957-06-19 Auto Union Gmbh Waermeisolierte Auspuffanlage fuer Zweitaktmotoren

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1465904A (en) * 1920-01-16 1923-08-21 Frederick J Herdle Muffler
US1761471A (en) * 1926-10-12 1930-06-03 Forstel Willfried Closed exhaust box for silencing internal-combustion engines
US2071119A (en) * 1932-05-12 1937-02-16 Harger John Process and apparatus for treating furnace gases and exhaust gases from internal combustion engines
US2260578A (en) * 1940-01-06 1941-10-28 Thomas E Murray Automobile construction
US2409825A (en) * 1942-12-08 1946-10-22 Baringoltz Bernardo Process for purifying exhaust gases
US2833615A (en) * 1952-10-03 1958-05-06 Houdry Process Corp Abatement of smog in flue gases

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3167400A (en) * 1962-07-30 1965-01-26 Norris Thermador Corp Catalytic converter
US3174836A (en) * 1962-07-30 1965-03-23 Wright W Gary Catalytic muffler
US3615255A (en) * 1970-05-19 1971-10-26 Gen Motors Corp Catalytic converter
US4105414A (en) * 1975-12-23 1978-08-08 Alfa Romeo S.P.A. Catalytic muffler for internal combustion engines
US20090226156A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2009-09-10 Peter Heinrich High-pressure gas heating device
US8249439B2 (en) * 2005-11-10 2012-08-21 Linde Aktiengesellschaft High-pressure gas heating device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB952757A (en) 1964-03-18
US3068079A (en) 1962-12-11
NL111996C (ko)
DE1293792B (de) 1969-04-30

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