US3038159A - Stud driver attachment - Google Patents

Stud driver attachment Download PDF

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Publication number
US3038159A
US3038159A US696214A US69621457A US3038159A US 3038159 A US3038159 A US 3038159A US 696214 A US696214 A US 696214A US 69621457 A US69621457 A US 69621457A US 3038159 A US3038159 A US 3038159A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
barrel
tool
pad
fastener
spall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US696214A
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English (en)
Inventor
Helderman James Franklin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Olin Corp
Original Assignee
Olin Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Olin Corp filed Critical Olin Corp
Priority to US696214A priority Critical patent/US3038159A/en
Priority to GB36238/58A priority patent/GB900951A/en
Priority to FR1214347D priority patent/FR1214347A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3038159A publication Critical patent/US3038159A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
    • B25C1/00—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices
    • B25C1/08—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by combustion pressure
    • B25C1/10—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by combustion pressure generated by detonation of a cartridge
    • B25C1/18—Details and accessories, e.g. splinter guards, spall minimisers
    • B25C1/188—Arrangements at the forward end of the barrel, e.g. splinter guards, spall minimisers, safety arrangements, silencers, bolt retainers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a tool for projecting fasteners such as studs, bolts, and the like into frangible material such as concrete or similar substances which spall readily.
  • an object of this invention is to provide an improved tool attachment for explosive actuated stud driving devices giving improved spall minimizing or preventing characteristics to such tools.
  • one object is to provide an improvement in the explosive driver art which minimizes the cratering in concrete to no more than a small crater directly surrounding the area of penetration.
  • Another object is to provide a spall minimizing device of relatively simple and economical construction for easy attachment and removal from explosively operated stud driving tools.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view, partly broken away and in cross section, showing a preferred embodiment of the attachment installed on a typical preferred type of tool;
  • FIG. 2 is a view taken from the front end of the tool of FIG. 1, showing the face of the attachment;
  • FIG. 3 is a semi-diagrammatic cross sectional view of a typical installation with a superposed grid system calibrated in terms of units equal to the diameter of the 3,038,159 Patented June 12, 1&62
  • the pad takes the form and construction of a block of heavy, fracture resistant material, and more specifically of sufficiently heavy metal, such as steel, mounted at the muzzle of the tool.
  • a heavy rigid steel ring about Me inch in thickness and from about 3 to 6 /2 inches in diameter with an orifice for passage of the tool barrel has been found suitable for most installations. This pad is far more effective and is superior to a mere pressing with the muzzle of the barrel or an extension in the form of a foot member only slightly larger than the barrel muzzle.
  • a still further refinement of the present invention is the provision of one or more relief recesses immediately adjacent the line of projection of the fastener, i.e. at the barrel bore, and between the tool barrel bore and the pressure face of the pad.
  • This recess may take the form of an enlarged bore opening coaxially positioned at the muzzle and/ or a coaxial annular recess near to but spaced from the barrel bore.
  • Such a recess provides for controlled eruption with stress relief manifested as small hardly noticeable cratering immediately next the driven fastener shank thus further minimizing the likelihood of large unsightly cratering.
  • These recesses decrease the likelihood of spall extending outside the coverage of the pressure equalizing plate.
  • pad pressure by diversion of part of the explosive propellent gas in a manner obtainable with certain types of stud driving tools.
  • Such pressure augments the inertia effect in supporting the concrete surface against the shock and pressure waves.
  • a diameter of 3% inches has been found adequate except for the most unusual types of concretes.
  • a pad of about the same or slightly greater thickness and of a diameter of from about 5 inches to about 6 inches is generally adequate.
  • This pressure equalizing pad or shield is mounted preferably on a pad support in slidable relationship with respect to the barrel of the tool of a co -pending patent application hereinafter identified and illustrated in FIG- URE 1 for obtainment of the angle fire control characteristics of this type of tool which insures that the fastener will be projected desirably with substantially exact perpendicularity to the surface while the pad exerts the shock equalizing and spall minimizing pressure.
  • the pad of this invention thus mounted provides an inertia mass which with the aforesaid surface supporting areas works to minimize spalling.
  • a total pad weight of at least 2 pounds at the tool muzzle has been found effective and for a .38 caliber tool a total attachment weight of not more than about 3 /2 pounds suffices for the most difficult and unusual types of concrete.
  • Relief recesses contemplated are one or more of (1) an annular gap of about of an inch near but displaced from the muzzle and (2) a countersink at the muzzle such as a /2 inch diameter countersink for a /2 inch or .22 caliber barrel or a inch countersink for a .38 caliber tool barrel.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 The specific embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described in connection with a tool generally of the type disclosed in US. Patent No. 2,945,236 granted to Rowland J. Kopf et al. This tool is preferably used as modified by the attachment in accordance with one embodiment of this invention, but it will be understood that other explosive operated tools may be similarly modified in accordance with this invention.
  • the tool shown in FIG. 1 comprises a barrel 22 adapted to carry at its breech end an explosive charge which when set off, projects the fastener into the work surface of the supporting concrete structure 11.
  • This barrel is slidably mounted in an outer barrel housing tube 54 which is part of the main barrel assembly 18 of the tool.
  • the other main tool assembly is the breech assembly 19 which includes breech housing 20a and the pistol grip or handle 20 with a firing means in the form of a trigger 46.
  • connection also includes hinge ring 58 which is a part of assembly 19 positioned between front assembly 18 and the firing and trigger mechanism housing 20a; and hinge pin 61 fits into a longitudinal slot in L-shaped extensions of the ends of the hinge ring 58 in such a manner that the barrel assembly 18 and breech assembly 19 can move both axially and pivotally with respect to each other in engaging and disengaging the assemblies for loading of the tool and ejection of spent cartridges.
  • the tool modification comprises the attachment consisting of a pad 100 3% inches in diameter and weighing about one pound mounted by any suitable means such as by screws 101 on a guard plate 102 having a mounting tube 103.
  • Plate 102 is fastened permanently to the front end of guard plate or mounting tube 103 which is adapted to be telescopically mounted on the .22 caliber barrel 22 at its muzzle end for sliding movement between barrel 22 and the outer housing tube 54.
  • Plate 102 may be optionally provided with peripheral walls such as the four walls 104 to minimize the blast of the explosive gases and to help in aligning the tool.
  • Plate 102 is of any shape, but for this embodiment advantageously takes the four-sided four-inch square shape shown in FIGURE 2.
  • Pad 100 is mounted as a unit with plate 102 and tube 103- and the whole unit which weighs about 2 pounds is mounted on the tool barrel and constrained between muzzle nut 110, which is screw threadedly attached to barrel 22, and the shield spring 111 which is a compression spring mounted between barrel 22 and attachment mounting tube 103 for biasing tube 103, its plate 102, and the pad 100 forwardly against the muzzle nut 110 in such a way as to give angle fire control as explained in the aforementioned patent application.
  • barrel ports 22B through which explosive gas is ejected into tube 103 to provide a forward thrust proportional to the amount of propellant used.
  • the diameter of the shield or pad may vary from a minimum equal approximately to at least twice the minimum radius of spall to a maximum preferably only slightly exceeding twice the maximum radius of spall so as to avoid a shield construction so large as to interfere with satisfactory accomplishment of the driving operation.
  • the maximum depth of spall under these conditions varies from about 2 to 3 fastener diameters.
  • the radius of the spall area at which the out-cropping of the spall line 13 (FIGURE 1) is evident has been found to vary from about 6 to 8 fastener diameters, or approximately the depth of penetration. Consequently, the angle of spall varies from the rather flat angle shown at A in FIGURE 3 for a relatively hard material to the rather deep angle shown at B for a relatively soft material.
  • an advantageous size of pressure equalizing pad is selected for each tool barrel bore.
  • the diameter of the pad should be at least 3 inches for the majority of conditions encountered in concrete, but for very hard materials should be about 4 /2 inches in diameter. In practice, a disk of about 3% inches outer diameter has been found quite effective.
  • the smallest shield should have a diameter of about 4 /2 inches and the largest convenient shield a diameter of about 6 /2 inches. It stands to reason that where size and convenience is not involved, the pads may be even larger.
  • a pad thickness of about /2 inch or slightly more for a steel pad has been found to be effective for providing the necessary inertia needed for pressure equalization.
  • a 3% inch plate when mounted on a shield plate and tube constitutes a weight of about 2 pounds.
  • a 6 /2 inch pad provides a weight of not more than about 3- /2 pounds added at the tool barrel muzzle.
  • spall line 13 approximately and usually within the confines of pad and spalling, if any, is confined to the region limited by spall line 14 located close to the shank of fastener 10.
  • inertia weight is meant that mass expressed in terms of gravity weight, i.e. in pounds instead of slugs.
  • a washer may be implaced in recess and that the pressure pad 100 may be of split construction with hinged halves or may include a plurality of hinge fingers for coacting with parts of the fasteners such as a shouldered fastener.
  • a substantially rigid pressure applying member mounted reciprocatably with respect to said barrel at the muzzle end of the barrel with a forward bias for presenting an inertia weight separate from said barrel and of not less than about two (2) pounds to said work surface sufiicient to effectively resist spalling, said member having a work surface contacting area extending outwardly from said axis circumferential-1y around said barrel by a radial expanse of not less than about from 6 to 8 stud diameters and suflicien-tly to contact at least the probable extreme limits of the surface outcroppings of lines of fracture of said body occasioned by driving of the stud.
  • the device of claim 1 including a circumferential relief recess surrounded by the area of the member adjacent the muzzle of the barrel.
  • the tool barrel has about a .22 caliber bore substantially centered on the member regularly extending about said barrel and wherein the transverse expanse of said member in any direction is from about 3 inches to about 4 /2 inches.
  • the tool barrel has about a .38 caliber bore substantially centered on the member regularly extending about said barrel and wherein the transverse expanse of said member in any direction is from about 4 /2 inches to about 6 /2 inches.
  • the member is a metal pad with minimum dimensions transverse to the barrel bore extending substantially regularly around the barrel within the range of from about 3 inches to about 6 /2 inches.
  • a stud driving tool having a barrel through the bore of which a fastening stud is adapted to be propelled by an explosive charge into the work surface of a relatively frangible body such as concrete and the like
  • the combination comprising a forwardly extending housing tube, a rearwardly extending tube in substantially coaxial outwardly spaced relationship with respect to the tool barrel and mounted thereon for limited reciprocation, and a substantially rigid outwardly extending pressure applying member mounted adjacent the muzzle end of the barrel and having a frontal area for contacting the work surface extending outwardly from the barrel of the tool by a radial expanse of not less than about 6 to 8 stud diameter-s, said member being of sulficient inertia weight to effectively resist spalling and including a rigid pad supported upon said rearwardly extending tube for reciprocation of said pad about said muzzle end, said pad bearing tube being telescopically mounted between said barrel and said tool housing tube through its open frontal end, said barrel being ported adjacent its muzzle end into said pad tube,
  • a powder charge actuated fastener driving tool comprising a housing, a barrel reciprocatably mounting said housing thereon and having a fastener ejecting axial bore and muzzle, means for preventing operation of the tool unless said barrel bore is approximately in perpendicularity with the work surface of a relatively frangible body into which the fastener is to be driven and a substantially rigid, forwardly biased, transversely extending pressure applying pad reciprocatably mounted relative to said barrel and housing for abutment with said surface when the muzzle of said barrel is abutted thereagainst in said perpendicular relationship, said pad having a substantially annular work surface contact area extending around said bore radially outwardly to an extremity of from about 1 /2 inches to about 3% inches, said area including at least one concentric annular pressure relief recess located adjacent said muzzle and remote from said extremity and presenting an inertia weight of not less than about from 2 pounds to about 3 /2 pounds to said surface in said area.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
US696214A 1957-11-13 1957-11-13 Stud driver attachment Expired - Lifetime US3038159A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US696214A US3038159A (en) 1957-11-13 1957-11-13 Stud driver attachment
GB36238/58A GB900951A (en) 1957-11-13 1958-11-11 Explosive-actuated fastener or stud driving tools
FR1214347D FR1214347A (fr) 1957-11-13 1958-11-12 Accessoire pour outil de pose pour goujons

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US696214A US3038159A (en) 1957-11-13 1957-11-13 Stud driver attachment

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3038159A true US3038159A (en) 1962-06-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US696214A Expired - Lifetime US3038159A (en) 1957-11-13 1957-11-13 Stud driver attachment

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US (1) US3038159A (fr)
FR (1) FR1214347A (fr)
GB (1) GB900951A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3423001A (en) * 1966-04-05 1969-01-21 Star Expansion Ind Corp Sefety device for an explosive-operated powor tool
US3732725A (en) * 1971-02-18 1973-05-15 F Allen Method and apparatus for testing compressive strength of concrete and the like
US20090151587A1 (en) * 2007-12-18 2009-06-18 Raytheon Utd Inc. Device and method for controlled breaching of reinforced concrete

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2400878A (en) * 1941-05-10 1946-05-28 Stephen M Dunn Method of inserting bolts into concrete
USRE23569E (en) * 1946-09-16 1952-10-28 Device fob inserting bolts in
US2702902A (en) * 1952-01-02 1955-03-01 Powder Power Tool Corp Means for attaching objects to concrete and the like
FR1123658A (fr) * 1954-02-23 1956-09-25 Appareil à enfoncer les pointes
US2771607A (en) * 1952-10-25 1956-11-20 Bossong Werk G M B H Device for shooting pins and bolts
US2787000A (en) * 1949-10-28 1957-04-02 Oregon Saw Chain Corp Stud driving tool
US2910701A (en) * 1957-06-10 1959-11-03 Mine Safety Appliances Co Explosively actuated stud driving tool
US2945236A (en) * 1953-05-14 1960-07-19 Olin Mathieson Explosively actuated tools

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2400878A (en) * 1941-05-10 1946-05-28 Stephen M Dunn Method of inserting bolts into concrete
USRE23569E (en) * 1946-09-16 1952-10-28 Device fob inserting bolts in
US2787000A (en) * 1949-10-28 1957-04-02 Oregon Saw Chain Corp Stud driving tool
US2702902A (en) * 1952-01-02 1955-03-01 Powder Power Tool Corp Means for attaching objects to concrete and the like
US2771607A (en) * 1952-10-25 1956-11-20 Bossong Werk G M B H Device for shooting pins and bolts
US2945236A (en) * 1953-05-14 1960-07-19 Olin Mathieson Explosively actuated tools
FR1123658A (fr) * 1954-02-23 1956-09-25 Appareil à enfoncer les pointes
US2966683A (en) * 1954-02-23 1961-01-03 Walter E Schulz Driving tool
US2910701A (en) * 1957-06-10 1959-11-03 Mine Safety Appliances Co Explosively actuated stud driving tool

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3423001A (en) * 1966-04-05 1969-01-21 Star Expansion Ind Corp Sefety device for an explosive-operated powor tool
US3732725A (en) * 1971-02-18 1973-05-15 F Allen Method and apparatus for testing compressive strength of concrete and the like
US20090151587A1 (en) * 2007-12-18 2009-06-18 Raytheon Utd Inc. Device and method for controlled breaching of reinforced concrete
US7814822B2 (en) * 2007-12-18 2010-10-19 Raytheon Utd Inc. Device and method for controlled breaching of reinforced concrete
US20110030539A1 (en) * 2007-12-18 2011-02-10 Mike Brennan Device and Method for Controlled Breaching of Reinforced Concrete
US8342069B2 (en) 2007-12-18 2013-01-01 Raytheon Company Device and method for controlled breaching of reinforced concrete

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1214347A (fr) 1960-04-07
GB900951A (en) 1962-07-11

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