US3038028A - Arrangement for producing a series of pulses - Google Patents

Arrangement for producing a series of pulses Download PDF

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Publication number
US3038028A
US3038028A US713933A US71393358A US3038028A US 3038028 A US3038028 A US 3038028A US 713933 A US713933 A US 713933A US 71393358 A US71393358 A US 71393358A US 3038028 A US3038028 A US 3038028A
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United States
Prior art keywords
enciphering
binary
arrangement
pulses
series
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Expired - Lifetime
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US713933A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ernst F Henze
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Telefunken AG
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Telefunken AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
    • H04L9/065—Encryption by serially and continuously modifying data stream elements, e.g. stream cipher systems, RC4, SEAL or A5/3
    • H04L9/0656—Pseudorandom key sequence combined element-for-element with data sequence, e.g. one-time-pad [OTP] or Vernam's cipher
    • H04L9/0662—Pseudorandom key sequence combined element-for-element with data sequence, e.g. one-time-pad [OTP] or Vernam's cipher with particular pseudorandom sequence generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/20—Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security

Definitions

  • a reproducible enciphering text can be just as good as a wholly random one when the generation process of the pulse series used as an enciphering text is of such a type that it allows for no recognition of generation rules, for example initial setting of the generating apparatus.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an arrangement for generating a series of n-position, binary enciphering figures for enciphering signals which appear in binary form.
  • a further object of the invention is to apply such an arrangement to encipher teleprinter signals or quantized
  • a further object of the invention is to provide such an enciphering arrangement which is as safe as possible against any unauthorized deciphering even when the apparatus itself or at least its design is known by an unauthorized person. Under such conditions a sufficient safety will only be ensured if, in the first place, enciphering is not stable but varies continuously and, in the second place, if the enciphering period which in all cases is present lasts so long that practically it can not be recognized.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a ciphering machine which allows for a very great number of possible enciphering settings (of the order of magnitude of about
  • foreign binary elements are added to the information elements existing in binary form and are subtracted when deciphering.
  • the arrangement for generating a series of n-position, binary enciphering numbers comprises m counters having different aliquant period lengths, an n-position enciphering store and a switching device for connecting the m counter outputs to the n encipheringlstore inputs via gate circuits.
  • an arrangement for enciphering binary signals which comprises'an adding device for n-position binary numbers, said device delivering the enciphered signals and being supplied on the one hand with signals in groups of n binary steps which appear as n-position binary numbers and on the other hand with the n-position enciphering numbers obtained from the enciphering store.
  • Means are provided to cause the enciphering generator to produce a new n-position enciphering number after each nth signal step and to feed it to the enciphering store.
  • the enciphering generator comprises mcounters, e.g.
  • the enciphering storeitself can be constructed as an nstage ring counter, the input terminals of the n stages of the ring counter forming the n input terminals of the enciphering store and the output terminals of the n stages of the ring counter forming the n output terminals of said store.
  • the adding device comprises n binary adding stages without any carry over, so that addition in each stage is performed modulo 2.
  • FIG. 1 shows the application of the invention to an arrangement for secret enciphering of quantized, binarycoded speech signals.
  • FIG. 2 shows the application of the invention to secret enciphering of teleprinter signals.
  • the binaryvcoded speech signal is fed to the input terminals EK and transformed into pulses of the relay ER. From the relay contact er said pulses are applied to the oscillator O for synchronisation purpose, thus tuning said oscillator to the frequency of the incoming binary signals. Furthermore the relay pulses are fed via the conductor EL to a number of gates T and form the signal input of the adding device AW.
  • the oscillations of the oscillator 0 control a distributor V comprising a five-stage ring counter consisting for example of five flip-flop stages connected in a ring.
  • the five stages of the distributor V deliver five pulses successively through which the gates at, b, c, d, e of T are successively rendered conducting, so that the first five binary steps of the input signal are applied to the adding stages a, b, c, a, e respectively of the adding device AW.
  • the delay time 7'2 must be longer than the delay time 1-; so that each stage a, b,.c, d, e of the adding device AW is read out only after the respective signal step and enciphering step have been added.
  • the read out pulse causes the sum value v or 1 contained in each stage of the adding device to be transferred to p the output conductor AL and erased in the adding device at the same time. Therefore, the five enciphered signal steps appear in the output conductor successively and actuate the output relay AR, whose contact ar feeds the output signal to the output terminals AK. 7
  • a new encipheringnumber is produced after each fifth step of the distributor V. This is initiated via the conductor SL which leads from the unite of the distributor to the enciphering generator SE.
  • the counter Z delivers an output pulse after every second oncoming pulse, the counter Z after every third, the counter Z after every fifith and so on, the counter 10, after every twenty-ninth oncoming pulse.
  • this read out circuit thus receives ten step-up pulses which are so fed successively tothe ten flip-flop stages 1 10- of said circuit that they cause the corresponding gates 1 10 of the gating tmeans T to conduct successively, and the contents, of the corresponding ring counter units Z Z to be transmitted successively to the enciphering store.
  • the number of ring counters equal to an integral multiple (including unity) of. the number of the adding tor can then be synchronised by an integral multiple of the oscillator frequency.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates diagrammatically a modification of the ciphering arrangement according to FIG. 1 for enciphering teleprinter signals.
  • each character consists of a combination of five successive binary digits, preceded however by a start pulse and ended by a stop pulse. Consequently, the arrangement according to the invention will only be used for the actual code signals, while start and stop pulses are not enciphered and will so unenciphcred be applied to the output.
  • FIG. .2 the identical elements are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 and the unchanged connections between the various parts are only indicated where they are necessary for understanding the modification relating to teleprinter enciphering.
  • a switch box SW which switches on the oscillator O on the occurrence of every start pulse and cuts it off on the occurrence of every stop pulse.
  • the distributor V is controlled by the oscillator 0 only by means of the actual code signals representing the various characters among which each group of five are disposed between a start pulse and a stop pulse.
  • the enciphering generator can step up as shown in the drawing under the direct action of the switch box SW, for example after each start pulse, so that the conductor SL is no longer connected to the distributor V as in FIG. 1 but to the switch box SW.
  • the read out unit AA is completed by two further control tubes which are denoted in the drawing by start and stop and are connected to the switch box SW via corresponding delay members 1- and r Delay times T4 and 1- are so calculated that the start and stop pulses are inserted at the right moments into the enciphered signal coming from the adding device AW.
  • the oscillator O is tuned to a correspondingly lower frequency, say 50 cs., than for enciphering speech signals, so that the whole enciphering process is being carried out at the standardized teleprint transmission speed.
  • An arrangement for secret enciphering an n-digit binary number made up of signals which appear in binary form comprising: an enciphering generator having m counters of difierent aliquant period lengths, each counter being a means for generating an output signal only at the end of the period of the respective counter; means for stepping said counters in sequence one step whenever the incoming signals have made up an n-digit binary number; an n-position enciphering store having n inputs and n outputs; a switch-over device having m.
  • the enciphering store comprises an n-position ring counter the input terminals of which form the n input terminals of said store and the output terminals of which form the 11 output terminals of said store.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Transmission Systems Not Characterized By The Medium Used For Transmission (AREA)
  • Facsimile Transmission Control (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
US713933A 1957-02-26 1958-02-07 Arrangement for producing a series of pulses Expired - Lifetime US3038028A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DET13281A DE1054491B (de) 1957-02-26 1957-02-26 Anordnung zur Erzeugung von n-stelligen, binaeren Schluesselzahlen zur Verschluesselung von binaeren Signalen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3038028A true US3038028A (en) 1962-06-05

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US713933A Expired - Lifetime US3038028A (en) 1957-02-26 1958-02-07 Arrangement for producing a series of pulses

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3038028A (xx)
DE (1) DE1054491B (xx)
FR (1) FR1198894A (xx)
GB (1) GB874890A (xx)
NL (2) NL109840C (xx)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3170033A (en) * 1960-08-02 1965-02-16 Csf Electrical generators of quasi-random symbols
US3250855A (en) * 1961-05-30 1966-05-10 Csf Electrical generators of quasi random digits
US3522374A (en) * 1966-06-17 1970-07-28 Int Standard Electric Corp Ciphering unit
US3557307A (en) * 1969-03-05 1971-01-19 Transvertex Ab Ciphering machine
US3627928A (en) * 1969-02-04 1971-12-14 Litton Systems Inc Telegraph privacy system
US3715508A (en) * 1967-09-15 1973-02-06 Ibm Switching circuits employing orthogonal and quasi-orthogonal pseudo-random code sequences
US3796830A (en) * 1971-11-02 1974-03-12 Ibm Recirculating block cipher cryptographic system
US4171513A (en) * 1966-09-06 1979-10-16 Sanders Associates, Inc. Secure communications system
US4181816A (en) * 1968-04-10 1980-01-01 Thomson - Csf Devices for combining random sequences, using one or more switching operations
US4283602A (en) * 1966-06-03 1981-08-11 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Cryptographically secure communication system
US4434322A (en) 1965-08-19 1984-02-28 Racal Data Communications Inc. Coded data transmission system
US5004185A (en) * 1964-08-31 1991-04-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Air-surface-missile data link system
US5018685A (en) * 1964-05-27 1991-05-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Data link and return link

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1156847B (de) * 1959-12-22 1963-11-07 Prec Mecanique Labinal Codiereinrichtung mit einem Codeumsetzer fuer codierte Funksignale
BE623086A (xx) * 1961-10-02
DE1196713B (de) * 1962-08-30 1965-07-15 Deutsche Bundespost Verfahren zur Sprachverschluesselung
GB1190809A (en) * 1967-06-26 1970-05-06 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Improvements in and relating to the Generation of a Pulse Code
US3781473A (en) * 1971-04-15 1973-12-25 Datotek Random digital code generator

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2403888A (en) * 1944-02-12 1946-07-09 American Telephone & Telegraph Enciphering and deciphering system
US2406046A (en) * 1942-05-21 1946-08-20 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Telegraph signal enciphering key tape producing device
US2406032A (en) * 1942-11-23 1946-08-20 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Telegraph signal enciphering mechanism
US2794851A (en) * 1952-02-08 1957-06-04 Zenith Radio Corp Code storage device

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH311424A (de) * 1950-04-22 1955-11-30 Gretener Edgar Ing Dr Verfahren zur Geheimhaltung von Sprache in Nachrichtenübermittlungskanälen.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2406046A (en) * 1942-05-21 1946-08-20 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Telegraph signal enciphering key tape producing device
US2406032A (en) * 1942-11-23 1946-08-20 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Telegraph signal enciphering mechanism
US2403888A (en) * 1944-02-12 1946-07-09 American Telephone & Telegraph Enciphering and deciphering system
US2794851A (en) * 1952-02-08 1957-06-04 Zenith Radio Corp Code storage device

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3170033A (en) * 1960-08-02 1965-02-16 Csf Electrical generators of quasi-random symbols
US3250855A (en) * 1961-05-30 1966-05-10 Csf Electrical generators of quasi random digits
US5018685A (en) * 1964-05-27 1991-05-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Data link and return link
US5004185A (en) * 1964-08-31 1991-04-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Air-surface-missile data link system
US4434322A (en) 1965-08-19 1984-02-28 Racal Data Communications Inc. Coded data transmission system
US4283602A (en) * 1966-06-03 1981-08-11 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Cryptographically secure communication system
US3522374A (en) * 1966-06-17 1970-07-28 Int Standard Electric Corp Ciphering unit
US4171513A (en) * 1966-09-06 1979-10-16 Sanders Associates, Inc. Secure communications system
US3715508A (en) * 1967-09-15 1973-02-06 Ibm Switching circuits employing orthogonal and quasi-orthogonal pseudo-random code sequences
US4181816A (en) * 1968-04-10 1980-01-01 Thomson - Csf Devices for combining random sequences, using one or more switching operations
US3627928A (en) * 1969-02-04 1971-12-14 Litton Systems Inc Telegraph privacy system
US3557307A (en) * 1969-03-05 1971-01-19 Transvertex Ab Ciphering machine
US3796830A (en) * 1971-11-02 1974-03-12 Ibm Recirculating block cipher cryptographic system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1198894A (fr) 1959-12-10
NL109840C (xx)
GB874890A (en) 1961-08-10
NL225293A (xx)
DE1054491B (de) 1959-04-09

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