US3031327A - Method of preparing transfer sheets - Google Patents

Method of preparing transfer sheets Download PDF

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Publication number
US3031327A
US3031327A US854342A US85434259A US3031327A US 3031327 A US3031327 A US 3031327A US 854342 A US854342 A US 854342A US 85434259 A US85434259 A US 85434259A US 3031327 A US3031327 A US 3031327A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
wax
pigment
sheet
layer
transfer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US854342A
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English (en)
Inventor
Douglas A Newman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc
Original Assignee
Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL254378D priority Critical patent/NL254378A/xx
Application filed by Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc filed Critical Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc
Priority to US854342A priority patent/US3031327A/en
Priority to CH392760A priority patent/CH392243A/de
Priority to GB16568/60A priority patent/GB947771A/en
Priority to SE531160A priority patent/SE219679C1/sv
Priority to DEI198388A priority patent/DE1198388B/de
Priority to FR839568A priority patent/FR1269937A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3031327A publication Critical patent/US3031327A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/10—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by using carbon paper or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/14—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates
    • H01F41/16—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates the magnetic material being applied in the form of particles, e.g. by serigraphy, to form thick magnetic films or precursors therefor

Definitions

  • the foundation may be paper or any plastic film such as cellulose acetate, cellophane, polyethylene terephthalate (Mylar), vinyl polymers, etc.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic cross-section view, to an enlarged scale, of the transfer sheets of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a, diagrammatic cross-section view, to an enlarged scale, of a copy sheet carrying an image transferred from the present transfer sheets.
  • This invention is. accomplished by applying a pigment solution or dispersion, to the surface of any conventional frangible waxlayer carried upon a foundation sheet and heating the; mass, tov the softening or fusion temperature of the wax whereby the liquid carrier for the pigment is evaporated. oil and the. pigment is allowed to seep into the. wax layer 11 and. be absorbed thereby.
  • the wax on the transfer medium again solidifies over the. pigment layer 12 which is held just below the wax surface.
  • the pigment layer is insulated. against contact during handling in that it is o ercoated by the solidified wax- Likewise it is insulated against contact with the; foundation sheet in that it has not penetrated completely through the wax layer to the foundation sheet. as shown by FIG. 1 of the drawing.
  • an image transfers to a copy sheet 20 and is smudgeproof in that it has no pigment at its surface, the surface of the image being the portion of the transfer layer which was adjacent the foundation on the transfer sheet.
  • the surface of the image is thus of clear wax and the pigment layer 12 is held beneath this surface, as shown by FIG. 2 of the drawing.
  • the use of temperatures in the range of l50-250 F. is necessary to insure that the wax softens or melts to just the right degree to allow the pigment to be absorbed and covered thereby.
  • the duration of the heating depends upon the melting point of the wax layer employed and the temperatures used, but in general, heating continues for only that period of time required for the sheet to pass the heating element at the normal speed of a coating machine.
  • a non-volatile plasticizing agent is added to the pigment dispersion.
  • the plasticizing agent causes the pig ment to wet down and blend or commingle at the interface with the wax layer.
  • Sheets and ribbons prepared in this manner have increased properties of dry rub and the transferred images have increased resistance to smudging.
  • Plasticizing agents comprising oils such as vegetable oils; polyalkylene glycols such as water-insoluble polybutylene glycol; and esters such as butyl stearate and tricresyl phosphate provided excellent results.
  • a bonding agent is added to the pigment dispersion with or without the plasticizing agent and it aids in the formation of a better dispersion, mixed for instance in a Waring Blendor.
  • the dispersion is coated on the wax layer and This heating brings about commingling at the interface thereby providing a relatively hard surface having the pigment well sealed, both by the bonding agent and by the wax underlayer.
  • the underlayer admixes with the bonding agent so that an exceptionally clean sheet results.
  • any material may be used which is at least partially miscible with the wax layer of the foundation. Resinous materials such as ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose may be used.
  • any frangible wax such as those employed in the wax layer of the fundation, as well as spermaceti or cetyl alcohol, may be used successfully.
  • the bonding agent be not only miscible with the wax underlayer but also at least partly soluble in the vehicle for the pigment, such as alcohol, water, petroleum naphtha or ethyl acetate, for instance.
  • ethyl cellulose is preferred as the bonding agent with ethanol as the solvent.
  • conventional wetting agents such as Aerosol AY should be added.
  • the wax layer on the foundation sheet may be pigmented in the conventional manner prior to its application to the paper. It has been found for instance that if the wax layer is pigmented with a blue or other light colored pigment such as titanium dioxide or other white pigment, and then fusion coated with a black or other dark colored pigment, the transfer medium has an appearance much lighter than if the blue or white and black were mixed as one, but the image transferred under pressurev has a color darker than would have been expected from the light appearance of the transfer sheet. This appears to be due to a blending or coalescing of the pigments under pressure.
  • a blue or other light colored pigment such as titanium dioxide or other white pigment
  • the formed transfer sheet is capable of duplicating on black or white copy sheets.
  • the formed image appears black, apparently due to a blending of the white pigment of the image with the white background.
  • the formed image appears white, apparently due to a blending of the black pigment of the image with the black background.
  • This feature is quite important, for instance, in the preparation of debit-credit sheets wherein either the debit or credit column is given a black background.
  • titanium dioxide or other white pigment may be incorporated in the wax layer on the foundation sheet and magnetic iron oxide or other magnetic pigment may be applied by the fusion method. Upon transference, the white pigment covers the magnetic iron oxide so that the image itself is hidden or appears quite light but remains magnetically sensible in very way.
  • Example I shows the basic step of applying an unmodified pigment dispersion to a wax coated sheet. The steps are as follows.
  • This wax coated paper is then coated on its wax surface with a pigment dispersion such as graphite dispersed in alcohol.
  • a pigment dispersion such as graphite dispersed in alcohol.
  • step 2 Some of the product of step 2 is then heated to a temperature of 100 F. to drive off the alcohol solvent. Upon cooling, this transfer sheet is useless in that the graphite merely lies on the wax surface and rubs ofi when the sheet is handled.
  • step 2 (4) The remainder of the product of step 2 is now steam heated to a temperature of 2l2230 F. for a short period of time to allow the wax to fuse and absorb the graphite. Heating is stopped and the sheet allowed to cool. The transfer sheet is clean to the touch and yields smudge-proof images under pressure.
  • Example 11 This example illustrates the use of a binder-containing pigment dispersion, a plastic foundation material and magnetic pigment.
  • a thin sheet of polyethylene terephthalate (Mylar) film having a thickness of 0.5 mil is overcoated with a layer of pressure-transferable wax of the following formulation:-
  • step 2 above is steam heated to a temperature of 2202 0 F. for a few minutes to allow the wax to melt and absorb the wetted pigment. After cooling, the transfer sheet has excellent qualities of cleanliness and the formed image is smudge-free and completely sensible to magnetic sensing means.
  • Example III tive formulations Example III tive formulations.
  • Formulation 1 Percent Carbon black 1 Alcohol (ethanol) 98 Ethyl cell 1
  • Formulation 2 Percent Carbon black 1 Alcohol (ethanol) 98 Ethyl cell 1
  • the pigment dispersion it has been found convenient to use commercially available dispersions of carbon black or graphite in water-insoluble polyalkylene glycols such as DAG-197 which is a 10% dispersion of graphite in water-insoluble polybutylene glycol manufactured by the Acheson Colloids Company. Likewise a 20% dispersion of graphite in isopropanol, available from Acheson Colloids Company under the name DAG-154, may be used. Alternatively the pigment dispersion may be compounded by mixing the desired pigment in the desired amount with Dow Polyol B 500 which is a water-insoluble polyalkylene glycol.
  • Dow Polyol B 500 which is a water-insoluble polyalkylene glycol.
  • hectograph dyes such as crystal violet or planographic pigments such as nigrosine black and Bismarck brown may be employed.
  • the method of preparing transfer sheets which are clean to the touch which comprises the steps of coating a foundation sheet with a layer of pressure-transferable wax, applying to the wax surface a dispersion of a pigment, a non-volatile plasticizing agent for said wax and a sure-transferable wax, prior to application of the pigment dispersion, contains a pigment different from that of said pigment dispersion.
  • plasticizing 7 agent comprises a water-insoluble polyalkylene glycol.
  • the method of preparing transfer sheets which are clean to the touch which comprises the steps of coating a foundation sheet with a layer of pressure-transferable wax, applying to the wax surface a dispersion of a pigment, a volatile carrier and a binding agent which is soluble in said carrier, heating to a temperature sutficiently high to soften the wax layer, allow the pigment to be absorbed thereby and evaporate the volatile carrier, and
  • binding agent comprises ethyl cellulose.

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  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
US854342A 1959-11-20 1959-11-20 Method of preparing transfer sheets Expired - Lifetime US3031327A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL254378D NL254378A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1959-11-20
US854342A US3031327A (en) 1959-11-20 1959-11-20 Method of preparing transfer sheets
CH392760A CH392243A (de) 1959-11-20 1960-04-07 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Durchschlagblättern bzw. -bändern
GB16568/60A GB947771A (en) 1959-11-20 1960-05-11 Improvements in or relating to transfer sheets and ribbons
SE531160A SE219679C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1959-11-20 1960-05-30
DEI198388A DE1198388B (de) 1959-11-20 1960-06-29 Verfahren zur Herstellung von nicht-abschmierendem Kohlepapier
FR839568A FR1269937A (fr) 1959-11-20 1960-09-26 Nouveaux moyens de transfert et procédé pour les confectionner

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US854342A US3031327A (en) 1959-11-20 1959-11-20 Method of preparing transfer sheets

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3031327A true US3031327A (en) 1962-04-24

Family

ID=25318424

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US854342A Expired - Lifetime US3031327A (en) 1959-11-20 1959-11-20 Method of preparing transfer sheets

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3031327A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH392243A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1198388B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB947771A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL254378A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE219679C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3375125A (en) * 1963-10-14 1968-03-26 Gen Electric Method of making transfer sheet and resultant article
US3418148A (en) * 1964-01-09 1968-12-24 Ancar A G Dye layer for carbon paper, copying paper, hectographic paper, and the like, and method of making same
US3505955A (en) * 1966-01-17 1970-04-14 Gerhard Ritzerfeld Method and arrangement for producing printing forms
US3519456A (en) * 1964-02-04 1970-07-07 Letraset International Ltd Transfer materials
US4053660A (en) * 1975-12-10 1977-10-11 Bell & Howell Company Low cost transfer ink coating
US4143890A (en) * 1976-05-07 1979-03-13 The Mead Corporation Pressure-sensitive carbonless transfer sheets using hot melt systems
DE4117000A1 (de) * 1991-05-24 1992-11-26 Cluthe Frederic S Dispergator zur verbesserung der fliessfaehigkeit
US5188765A (en) * 1990-02-06 1993-02-23 Frederic S. Cluthe Flow agent-dispersant composition

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1189939A (en) * 1915-08-09 1916-07-04 Byron B Goldsmith Carbon-paper and process for making same.
US1864097A (en) * 1927-10-06 1932-06-21 John Q Sherman Manifolding material
GB393904A (en) * 1932-02-15 1933-06-15 Irmgard Burgmer Process for applying carbon paper pigment to the surfaces of carbon sheets and forms
US1925235A (en) * 1931-01-24 1933-09-05 Harold W A Dixon Carbon paper
US2063226A (en) * 1932-05-26 1936-12-08 Anciens Ets Braunstein Transfer material such as carbon paper
US2744031A (en) * 1949-10-15 1956-05-01 Ncr Co Sheet having a transferable coating containing magnetizable material
US2912344A (en) * 1957-10-11 1959-11-10 Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg Pressure-sensitive transfer element for placing smudge-resistant marks

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1189939A (en) * 1915-08-09 1916-07-04 Byron B Goldsmith Carbon-paper and process for making same.
US1864097A (en) * 1927-10-06 1932-06-21 John Q Sherman Manifolding material
US1925235A (en) * 1931-01-24 1933-09-05 Harold W A Dixon Carbon paper
GB393904A (en) * 1932-02-15 1933-06-15 Irmgard Burgmer Process for applying carbon paper pigment to the surfaces of carbon sheets and forms
US2063226A (en) * 1932-05-26 1936-12-08 Anciens Ets Braunstein Transfer material such as carbon paper
US2744031A (en) * 1949-10-15 1956-05-01 Ncr Co Sheet having a transferable coating containing magnetizable material
US2912344A (en) * 1957-10-11 1959-11-10 Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg Pressure-sensitive transfer element for placing smudge-resistant marks

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3375125A (en) * 1963-10-14 1968-03-26 Gen Electric Method of making transfer sheet and resultant article
US3418148A (en) * 1964-01-09 1968-12-24 Ancar A G Dye layer for carbon paper, copying paper, hectographic paper, and the like, and method of making same
US3519456A (en) * 1964-02-04 1970-07-07 Letraset International Ltd Transfer materials
US3505955A (en) * 1966-01-17 1970-04-14 Gerhard Ritzerfeld Method and arrangement for producing printing forms
US4053660A (en) * 1975-12-10 1977-10-11 Bell & Howell Company Low cost transfer ink coating
US4143890A (en) * 1976-05-07 1979-03-13 The Mead Corporation Pressure-sensitive carbonless transfer sheets using hot melt systems
US5188765A (en) * 1990-02-06 1993-02-23 Frederic S. Cluthe Flow agent-dispersant composition
DE4117000A1 (de) * 1991-05-24 1992-11-26 Cluthe Frederic S Dispergator zur verbesserung der fliessfaehigkeit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE219679C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-03-19
DE1198388B (de) 1965-08-12
CH392243A (de) 1965-05-15
NL254378A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB947771A (en) 1964-01-29

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