US303020A - eellt - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

. 3 Sheets-Sheet 1. J F. KELLY.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

Patented Aug. 5,1884.

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(No Model.) 3SheetsSheet 2.

J. 1-. KELLY.

ELECTRIC ARG LAMP. No. 303,020. Patented Aug. 5, 1884.

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"WIN" WITNEEEEEI Wadi/0d (No Model.) Q 3 SheetsSheet 3.

J. F. KELLY.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 303,020. Patented Aug. 5, 1884.

Fig. 7.

HECTRU'MAG/VET N. PETERS Phnlu-Lilhograplwn Wuhingmm n. c.

UNITED STATES Armvr Fr es.

JOHN F. KELLY, OF LITTLE FALLS, NEWV YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE PARKER ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC=ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No ..303,020, dated August 5, 1884.

' Application filed October 1,1863. (No model.)

To (Z7, whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, J OHN F. KELLY, of Little Falls, in the county of Herkimcr and State of New York, have invented certain Improvements in Electric Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of electricarc lamps in which the differential action of electro-magncts in the main and in. a derived circuit serves to separate and control the carhens, and particularly to such as have said magnets opposed and one arranged to serve as an armature for and move relatively to the other.

The improvements consist in a novel construction and arrangement of parts, hereinaffer fully pointed out, by which I am enabled to secure great delicacy and certainty of action, together with perfect safety, under all circumstances, both to the lamp and to its surroundi-ngs.

Figure 1 represents a perspective view of a double-carbon. lamp constructed in accordance with my invention, the upper housing of the mechanism being partially broken away to expose the parts; Fig. 2, an end view from the left-hand of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a side elevation of the mechanism from the rear of Fig. 1; Fig. 4, a plan or diagram showing the magnets, carbon rods, clamps, and. attendant parts, and illustrating the circuits and connections; Figs. 5 and 6, views illustrating the manner of holding and making electrical connection with the lower carbons; Fig. 7, a diagrammatic View 3 5 showing the directions of the circuits, and Fig.

8a detail view of the cutout.

I may here remark that I do not make any claim to the broad idea of differential magnets as applied to the control of carbons in electric lamps, as that has been known for many years,

having been first fully explained and illustrated, as I believe, by Lacassagne and Thiers in 1856; nor do I broadly claim opposing the main and derived circuit magnets and causing one to act upon and move the other according to the differential action of the magnets, for that has been known since June, 1878, such a lamp having been constructed and fully described and illustrated as early as said date by Tehikoleff. My claims therefore relate to the novel construction and arrangement of parts, as will now be explained.

In its general appearance this lamp is not unlike others of various makes in common use that is to say, it embraces a frame consisting of a top plate or platform, A, upon which are mounted the electro-magnets, clamps, cut-out, and attendant parts, two side rods, B, preferably of tubular form, and a cross-bar, C, advisably widened into or furnished with aplatform or bed, D, to support the lower-carbon holders, the lamp here shown having two sets or pairs of carbons. The top plate or platform, A, is preferably made of metal, and is per forated to permit one or more carbon-carrying rods, E, to pass through, the holes a being bushed with gutta-percha or other good insulator when said platform is thus made of metal.

The mechanism of the lamp is placed within a housing, F, preferably cast in one piece with a base or bed plate, 0, and screwed or bolted upon platform A in such manner that it may be detached and bodily removed from the frame without difficulty, the top of said housing being also perforated, and having such per- 7 5 forations or holes bushed, in the same manner as the holes a, to prevent the escape of electricity into the frame from the rods E, which pass through them.

The rods E carry the upper carbons, as is usual in this class of lamps, being furnished with clamps c, by which the carbons may be firmly held. The lower carbons are held by similar clamps, cl, extending upward from metallic disks G, which are each formed with a shallow annular groove, 0, in the under side to receive or fit over the wire H, which forms a part of the light-circuit, said wire passing up through the platform or bed D and following around the groove of one disk G, then. 0 crossing to the second disk and following its groove in the same manner. The lower side of the wire is seated in similar shallow grooves,

f, formedin the upper faces of insulating-rings I, of gutta-percha or other suitable material, 5 resting upon the bed or platform D and encircling openings 9 therein. The disks G are clamped upon the wire H, and with said wire and the insulating-rings are held in place by screw-stems-h, provided with handles J, and passing centrally through disks or washers K, beneath the platform, of sufficient diameter to overlap the openings 9, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the disks K having facings i, of gutta-percha-or equivalent insulating material, to prevent metallic contact with the frame.

The openings y are of sutllcicnt size to permit the disks G K to be moved laterally in any direction to a considerable extent without bringing the screw-stems h into contact with the sides of the o1'1enings,so that the lower carbons, L, may be accurately brought into alignment with the upper carbons, M. The current is carried from the disks G bythe wire ll, which is properly insulated, except beneath said disks, upward through one of the tubular side bars of the frame back to the line.

,The mechanism for controlling the upper carbons, which alone are ted :torward as they burn away, will be now explained.

The carbon-carrying rods E are each encircled by a clamp or litter consisting of a ilat bar or strip, pivoted at one end to a short rocking lever, k, weighted at its opposite end, and provided at said weighted end with a set-screw, Z, which comes into contact with a stop or iixcd rest, m, as the clamp falls, ShOlllllllg the descent of the weighted end before the other end ceases its movement. The lever 7.: is pivoted in apost, a, formed upon the base-plate 0 ot' the housing F, and its rear end isjointed to abar, N, ot'invertcd-T tbrnnwhieh bar is suspended from or connected to a rocking trame, O,pivoted in the housing F, and tree to rise and tall therein to a limited extent, it being understood that the levers 7; of both clamps are thus connected, one at each end of bar N. It will be seen that in consequence of the above arrangement a depression of the frame or rocking lever O, and consequent dc scent of the bar N, will. cause the depression of the rear ends of the short levers 7c, elevating their opposite ends and raising the clamp bars or plates j, while the rise of the rocking frame 0 will. reverse the above-stated action. To insure the rise of the frame or lever 0 when not held down by magnetic attraction, as presently explained, a spring, 1, is provided, one end of which is attached to an adjusting-screw, Q, and the other end of which may be attached to a rcarwardly-projecting arm on said frame;

or, as is preferred, to the rear end of a piw oted lever, B, the ibrwamlend of which is con neeted by a link, 12, with the rocking frame, as shown.

At its free or moving end the rocking frame 0 is furnished with an armature, S, which is carried across the poles of an electro-magnet. T, introduced into the main or are circuit, and formed by coiling the'circuit-wire H about the soft-iron cores, as indicated. The current, in passing through the coils, renders the cores strongly magnetic, and causes the attraction of the armature S, which, descending, carries down the frame 0, and, acting through bar N and levers k, elevates the clamps j. The

clamps previous to such elevation stand in a horizontal position, or with their outer ends slightly above their pivots, the outer ends being limitedin their descent by the stop-screws Z, as mentioned. As soon, however, as the frame 0 is drawn down, the clamps j are raised, the weight of their free ends causing said ends to stand still, or practically so, until the in nor ends are raised sufficiently to cause the clamps to cramp anchbind upon, and consequently lift, the carbon-carrying rods, el'i'eeting the necessary separation ol'thc upper and lower carbons to produce the are or an The incoming end of the line-wire j .s divided into three branches, H, H, and l I, the first of which connects with an insulatml post, 9', with which contact maybe made by a hand switch, V, in metallic connection with the outgoing end of the linewire, to enable the lamp to be manually cut out of circuit, while the branches H-' and H connect with the clamps c of the carbon rods E, and serve to carry the current thereto, being made of [lexible woven wire or likeinaterial, to permit the rise and fall of the rods.

A branch circuit, U, of high resistrmee, formed by connecting a fine wire with the niain-eircuit wire at (1, close to the point at which said main wire enters the lamp, and carrying said fine wi re across the lamp to the outgoing end of the main wire, to which it is connected at s, as shown, the intermmliate portion being formed into coils or windings sutiicientto produce the required resistance.

For the sake of convenience, and to secure also their neutralizing action upon its cores, I form such cells in part about the spools or coils otthe electro-magnet T, and I carry the wire thence to and around the armature S, which is of soft iron, winding the wire in a direction to produce in the poles of the armature magnetism of the same sign as that in the opposing poles of the electromagnet T. Owing, however, to the comparatively great resistance of the derived circuit, but a small portion of the current passes through it while the lamp is in its normal working condition and the arc of ordinary length, so that the magnetism of the armature will be slight at such ti me, and practically or totally neutralized by the inductive action of the stronger eleetromagnet T. hen the arc becomes elongated, a greater proportion of the current is thrown into the derived circuit, and the magnetism of the armature-core grows proportionately stronger, while that of the main magnet T is more or less neutralized by the current thrown into and passing through the fine-wire coils thereon, all tending to lessen the attractive power of magnet T, and to increase the repelling force of the electro magnetic armature S, due to the opposition of like poles. Thus the frame 0 is released and permitted to be raised by the spring 1? whenever the are grows so long as to require the carbons to be fed forward.

To prevent the eil'ects of residual magnet-- ism and the retention of the armature by the electro-magnet T after the lattcris sutlicicntly weakened, as happens when the iron of the cores and armature is permitted to come into actual contact, I face the cores with copper or other thin non-magnetic material, as shown in Fig. 2.

IIO

To permit a considerable movement of the frame without carrying the armature out of the field of the magnet T, I make the ends of the cores of said magnet of inverted-V shape,and I notch or recess the projecting ends of the armature to fit over said poles, so that the frame can move a considerable distance with out greatly affecting the attractive power of the magnet upon the armature.

It is necessary, in order to render the lamp absolutely safe, that an automatic cut-out be provided to cut the lamp out of circuit, in case of the are becoming so long as to endanger its surroundings-an event that is liable to occur through the sticking of the carbon rods E, the breaking of a carbon, or other cause; and it is also desirable that this cutout should offer a path for the current to sue ceeding lamps of far lower resistance than the derived circuit, which, of course, is incapable of carrying the full current. Such special cut-out I form in the following manner:

XV represents a Germansilver wire or short coil, one end of which is connected with a metal post, X, in which is pivoted a rocking armature, Y, one end of which armature is placed directly over and slightly above a metallic binding-post, Z, as shown in Fig. 1, into which is inserted and clamped one end ofa branch wire, it, connecting with the outgoing end of ashort wire connecting the handswitch V with said outgoing end of the circuit or line wire, as before mentioned. The opposite end of the German-silver wire or coil is secured in thepost 1-, with which the hand-switch makes connection when the lamp is manually cut out, and which is in metallic connection with the incoming end of the main-circuit wire through the branch HT, as indicated.

The armature Y is weighted, so that when not otherwise acted upon its weighted end will drop and rest upon the end of the binding-post Z, placing the two posts X and Z in metallic connection, and establishing a short circuit from the incoming line-wire through branch H, post r, German-silver coil W, post X, armature Y, post Z, and wire 8 to the outgoing end of the line-wire around the arcor lamp, thus permitting the current to pass by the lamp without passing through its carbons.

' In order to avoid the magnetizing effect of passing the current through the iron body of armature Y, the latter is advisably furnished at its gravitating end with a non-magnetic plug, pin, or block, a, to bear upon post Z, and with which the German-silver wire WV is connected by a short wire or metallic strip, as indicated. It is therefore to be understood that in speaking of making or completing the short circuit through the armature Y it is not meant that the current necessarily traverses the iron body of said armature, but that it preferably passes through a copper or brass plug 'arried by the gravitating end of the armature. \Vhen the lamp is in proper working order, it is of course necessary that this shunt or short circuit should be'intcrrupted or opened, as otherwise the current would leave the carbons and take such route; hence I provide beneath the rear end of the armature-that is to say, the lighter end, which is farthest away from post Zan electro-magnet, a, formed of a soft-iron core encircled by a helix of the main-circuit wire, so that when the current is passing in considerable strength through the main or arccireuit, and consequently producing the are between the carbons, which the current passes through before reaching electromagnet u, the core will be rendered strongly magnetic, and will attract the armature Y, thereby raising its weighted end off of post Z and opening or breaking the short or cut out circuit, preparatory to a separation of the carbons to form the arc. About the core of electro-magnet a is also wound a second coil of line wire, being a continuation of wire U of the hi gh-resistance derived circuit, in which also the magnet u is thus included. The finewire is wound in a direction to produce in the core of magnet u a polarity the reverse of that due to its coarse helix of the main-circuit wire; hence it the current in said fine wire or de rived circuit be considerably or greatly increased by reason of an abnormal increase in the. length of the arc, and consequent diversion of a material portion of the current from the main into the derived circuit, the effect of the coarse-wire helix will be lessened or en tirely neutralized, the magnet to will be practically or wholly demagnetized, and the arma ture Y will fall, making contact with post Z, and closing or completing the short circuit of the cut-out. This condition of things will continue and the current will be conveyed by the short circuit to succeeding lamps until the equilibrium of the lamp is again restored and the normal are reproduced, whereupon the short circuit around the lamp will be again broken or opened, as explained.

It is of course to be understood that the neutralizing effect of the fine wire must not be sufficient to overcome the attractive force of the magnet it, except when the current through the carbons is wholly or almost entirely interrupted and there is danger of injury to thelamp. Such neutralization must not occur or become suflicient to release the armature Y upon such weakening of the main current or circuitas occurs at the instant of feeding the carbons, as in that case the lamp would be cut out whenever the carbons were fed forward. The relative windings of thetwo coils, the balancing or weighting of armature Y,and like means of regulating the release of the armature permit such release to beperfectly adjusted, regulated, and controlled.

The construction may be precisely the same for singlearc lamps as for the double lamp herein described, except that the carbon-carrying rod, clamps, holders, eke, need not be duplicated.

It is obvious that the cut-out circuit may be made by carrying the German-silver wire directly from the incoming endof the line across to post X, and that the German silver maybe replaced by any other suitable conductor, though it is preferred because of about the proper conductivity.

From the loregoing it will be understood that when the lamp is in proper working order the current will pass through the carbons, leaping across and producing the are between their slightly-separated ends, and that when the arc becomes abnormally long it will be short-cireuited by the cut-out through the German-silver coil or wire.

The line-wire coils upon the spools of electro-1nagnet T may be omitted, but if used should be wound in opposition to or differentially with the main or coarsc-wire coils thereof.

The frame 0 directly actuates the mechanism for separating and leeding the carbons, and this frame has a simple motion up and down, cz'trrying the eleetro-magnetic armature to and from the main elrwtronntgnet at right angles to the line joining the poles of the said magnet.

The crnlstruct'ion is simple, and the action of the lamp is very perfect, steady, and delicate.

The spring 1 is designed, mainly, to counterbalance the :l'rameOand the parts directly connected therewith, the elevation of the frame being mainly or, it may be, entirely due to magnetic action, as explained. A weight may be substituted for the spring and made movable for adjustment,though the spring is deemed much the better agent. A dash-pot, r, the plunger or piston of which is carried by a rod attached to the rocking frame 0, prevents the too sudden movement of the frame and attendant parts.

Illaving thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. In an electric lamp, the combination of an armature carrying a coil included in a derived circuit about the are and directly actuating the mechanism for separating and feeding the carbons, with an eleetro-magnet wound dil'lcrentially, one coil being included in the main and the other in a derived circuit, said armature being capable of motion only in a line at right angles to the line joining the poles of said magnet.

2. In an electric lamp, the coml'iination of an elect-romagnet in the arc-circuit, a clamp or lifter adapted to raise the upper carbon, a rocking frame connected with said clamp, and an armature mounted upon the free end of thesaid rocking frame and wound with a coil included in a derived circuit of high resistance, substantially as shown and described.

3. The combination, in an electric lamp, of

upper and lower carbons, a carrying-rod, I for the upper carbon, a lifter, j, encircling said rod and pivoted to a lever, Ir, a rocking frame, 0, provided with an clevatingspring, I, connected with the lever 75, substantially as shown, and provided with an armature having its coil included in a derived circuit around the arc, and an electroanagnet having its coil included in the are-circuit, the opposing poles of the armature and magnet] reing of like sign, all substantially as set forth.

4. In an electric lamp, the combination of an electro-magnet having its coil included .in the arc-circuit, a swinging frame having an armature opposed to said electramagnet and wound with wire, lorming a derived circuit around the are, a bar, N, jointed to said frame and made in the form of an inverted T, piv oted levers k, jointed to the arms of said bar, clamps j, jointed to said levers, carbon-carrying rods It lever It, connected with frame t), and spring I, attached to said frame and fnrnished with adjustingserew Q, substantially as described and shown.

5. In an electric lamp, the (mmbination of upper and lower carbons, means, substantially such as described, for separating and .l'eeding said carbons, and a cutout controlled by a differential magnet independent of the mag not employed to separate the rirbons, sulr stantially as explained.

6. In an electric lamp, the combination of a main or light circuit, a normally-open shunt or short circuit around the lamp, a closed dos rived circuit of high resistance, an electromagnet wound with opposing or neutralizing coils, and an armature adapted to be attracted by the ehxatro-magnet when the latter is enen gized to open the short circuit when attracted, and to close said short circuit when relcasml.

7. In an electric lamp, the combination of a main or light circuit, a normally-o n-n short circuit around the are, a permanently-closcd derived circuit of high resistance, an electro magnet independent of the magnet controlling the carbons, wound dilierentially with coils in the .main circuit and high-resistanre circuit, and a device adapted to be controlled by the differential action of said clectro-magnet to open and close the short circuit.

8. In combimition with an electromagilet in the light-circuit of an electric lamp adapted to effect the separation and feeding of the can bon, an electro-nmgnet wound with a coil in the light-circuit and with a nentralizing-coil in a derived circuit, an open short circuit across the lamp around the are, and an armature having one end within the field ofattrac tion of the differential magnet and the opposite end adapted to fall and make or complete the short circuit when not elevated by said diilerential magnet.

9. I11 combination. with the light-circuit of an electric lamp, electroanagnet It, provided with two opposing coils, one in the light-circuit and the other in a derived circuit around the lamp, and armature Y, in metallic connection with short-circuit. wire \V, and adapted to make or close connection with the outgoing end of the light-circuit wire when not attract ed by the differential magnet.

Vitnesses: JOHN I KELLY.

Wa'r'rs T. Looms, 0. VAN Vnon'rnl

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