US3016436A - Vacuum circuit interrupters - Google Patents

Vacuum circuit interrupters Download PDF

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Publication number
US3016436A
US3016436A US750615A US75061558A US3016436A US 3016436 A US3016436 A US 3016436A US 750615 A US750615 A US 750615A US 75061558 A US75061558 A US 75061558A US 3016436 A US3016436 A US 3016436A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
vacuum
arc
interrupter
electrodes
circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US750615A
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English (en)
Inventor
James M Lafferty
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL244627D priority Critical patent/NL244627A/xx
Priority to NL241567D priority patent/NL241567A/xx
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US750615A priority patent/US3016436A/en
Priority to US750614A priority patent/US2975255A/en
Priority to US750784A priority patent/US2975256A/en
Priority to DE1959G0027419 priority patent/DE1074120B/de
Priority to DEG27420A priority patent/DE1081950B/de
Priority to BE580492A priority patent/BE580492A/fr
Priority to BE580532A priority patent/BE580532R/fr
Priority to GB24637/59A priority patent/GB915560A/en
Priority to GB24617/59A priority patent/GB915559A/en
Priority to ES0250963A priority patent/ES250963A1/es
Priority to ES0251010A priority patent/ES251010A2/es
Priority to CH7613259A priority patent/CH384053A/de
Priority to CH7613359A priority patent/CH424918A/de
Priority to NL241568D priority patent/NL241568A/xx
Priority to FR801033A priority patent/FR1234382A/fr
Priority to FR801035A priority patent/FR76858E/fr
Priority to FR807568A priority patent/FR76868E/fr
Priority to GB35675/59A priority patent/GB922012A/en
Priority to DEG28207A priority patent/DE1088132B/de
Priority to CH7972259A priority patent/CH423925A/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3016436A publication Critical patent/US3016436A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6643—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having disc-shaped contacts subdivided in petal-like segments, e.g. by helical grooves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to vacuum-type electric circuit interrupters uniquely adapted for use in inductive circuits wherein the current interrupted is of low magnitude.
  • Vacuum interrupters designed to interrupt alternating currents operate substantially as follows:
  • the interrupted current seeks to rise again, the arc cannot be reestablished because of the high dielectric strength of the vacuum separating the interrupter contacts.
  • the current is usually completely extinguished at the first naturally occurring instantaneous zero value of current.
  • L the equivalent inductance of the circuit
  • C the equivalent capacitance of the circuit
  • surge impedences for many inductive devices may be as high as many tens of thousands ohms.
  • a further object of the invention i to provide a vacuum circuit interrupter capable of reducing the value of instantaneous alternating current changes upon interruption thereof to a value of several amperes.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide vacuum circuit interrupters havingarc electrodes which minimize chopping and have hardness and brittleness characteristics which avoid permanent welding-together of the contacts or shattering thereof.
  • a vacuum circuit interrupter in the form of an evacuable chamber capable of maintaining a vacuum of .less than 10" mm. of mercury, which chamber contains a pair of opposed arc-electrodes adapted to be the terminal points of an electric are carrying the current to be interrupted.
  • the portions of the arc electrodes which serve as such terminal points are substantially free of occluded and sorbed gases and are formed primarily of an intermetallic compound having a melting point in excess of 800 C. and comprising elements which are stable in air and may be conveniently vacuum-treated to remove gaseous impurities.
  • At least one of the elements comprising the compound utilized is selected to have a vapor pressure less than that of cadmium and greater than that of lanthanum.
  • the chosen compound. also comprises a metal having a low work function.
  • FIG. 1 is a representative view of a vacuum-type circuit interrupter constructed in accord with the present invention and, 7
  • FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of asinusoidal alternating current illustrating the effect of the chopping phenomenon.
  • an interrupter chamber 10 comprises a wall member 11 which may be cylindrical in shape and is constructed of a suitable insulating material, having at the ends thereof a pair of metallic end members 12 and 13 closing the volume therein to form an interrupter chamber, Suitable seals 14 are provided between casing 11 and end members 12 and 13 to render the interrupter chamber vacuum-tight.
  • a pair of separable contacts or arc-electrodes 15 and 16 shown in their closed circuit or engaged position.
  • Upper contact 15 is a sta' tionary contact suitably attached electrically and mechanically to a conducting rod 17 which, at its upper end, is
  • Electrode 16 need not be movable but may be spaced apart from electrode 15 a suitable distance.
  • the electrical circuit which is sought to be interrupted by the interrupter device may be completed by making suitable connections to contact 21, electrically and mechanically mounted upon end member 12 and terminal 22, electrically and mechanically mounted upon rod 18.
  • a suitable insulator shield, such as metallic cylindrical member 23, capped with an arc-preventing ferrule 24 is interposed between electrodes 15-16 and insulator 11 to prevent the latter from becoming coated with metal.
  • the volume within interrupter chamber 10 is suitably evacuated through an exhaust tubulation (not shown) during the final assembly thereof.
  • the pressure within chamber 10 must be maintained at a pressure at least as low 10- mm. of mercury, but is preferably maintained within the range of 10- to '10- mm. of mercury.
  • the foregoing requirement is essential for the operation of the devices as vacuum interrupters of alternating currents. This requirement is necessary because, in order that the current-carrying arc struck between electrodes 15 and 16 be extinguished at the first occurring current zero value, there must be substantially no ionizable gas present within chamber 10.
  • the occurrence of ionization may be substantially prevented if the possible breakdown paths between electrodes 15 and 16, or their respective supports, are small with respect to the mean free path of an electron within the atmosphere obtained within the device.
  • This mean free path is designated as the statistical distance which an electron may travel without colliding with a gas molecule at a given pressure.
  • FIG. 2 of the drawing there is shown, in graphical form, an illustration of the chopping phenomena.
  • the instantaneous value ofa sinusoidal alternating current which is sought to be interrupted by a vacuum circuit interrupter is plotted for one-half cycle.
  • the contacts as for example contacts and 16 in FIG. 1
  • point B causing an arc dischargeto be established therebetween.
  • This are discharge is sustained exclusively by'the metal evaporated from contacts 15 and 16 by the heat generated at the contact surfaces by the arc.
  • the terminal points of the arc are known respectively as cathode and anode spots. As a matter of practice, most of this evaporation occurs at the cathode, or negatively maintained electrode.
  • vacuum circuit interrupters may be constructed utilizing arc-electrodes comprising particular high vapor pressure materials, so that suflicient vapor pressure is available to counterbalance the arc-constricting magnetic pressure.
  • contact materials contemplated by the aforementioned Lee and Cobine application are quite satisfactory in providing low values of chopping current in the interruption of low current alternating currents, certain of these materials in elemental form tend to berelatively soft to have low melting points. As a result of these characteristics, the elemental metals may be readily eroded and, when melted at thearc temperature, tend to weld and stick. Additionally, certain low melting point electrodes have an undue tendency to weld under the heating effect of momentary currents before the arc-electrodes are separated and an arc isstruck.
  • At least one of electrodes 15 and 16, and in some instances both of these electrodes, are composed of intermetallic compounds at least one constituent of which is a metal having a vapor pressure lower than that of cadmium and higher than that of lanthanum.
  • the intermetallic compounds are further characterized as having melting points higher than 800 C. and being composed of metallic constituents which are stable in air and which may be suitably processed by vacuum melting and similar techniques to provide the metal in pure form, suitable for the formation of a pure intermetallic compound suitable for use in the devices of the present invention.
  • the requirement that one of the constituents of the intermetallic compound have a vapor pressure between that of cadmium and lanthanum needs no elaboration.
  • each of the constituents of the compound may be de- 3 fined as requiring that degree of stability sufiicient so that, when themetal is exposed for extended lengths of time to atmospheric air at room temperature, no reaction occurs between the metal and the atmosphere other than the formation of a thin oxide coating, the order of afew molecules thick.
  • Such coatings are commonly formed by most known metals, even those regarded as the most stable in air.
  • metallic compounds utilized in the present invention be suitable for processing vacuum melting or similar processes is simply that the material be one whose. vaporpressure does not cause vaporization or sublimation before melting in vacuum-melting, or similar processes, and one which is not so reactive that it cannot be contained'in a suitable vessel while vacuum processing is performed.
  • an intermetallic compound although falling within the broad definitions of the term alloy, is actually a binary chemical compound between two metallic constituents wherein the proportion of the constituents occurs in fixed integral ratios and wherein a definite crystal lattice structure of quite complicated nature which has regular characteristics is formed.
  • the characteristics of the compound generally depend upon the nature and type of the crystal lattice.
  • certain interrnetallic compounds especially those between metals of groups 3 and 5 of the periodic table
  • intermetallic compounds are not suitable for use as are electrodes or contacts in the devices of the present invention reference is made herein to them in order to emphasize the unique and unusual characteristics which intermetallic compounds, in general, may possess.
  • Arc electrodes having portions thereof suitable to be utilized as the terminal points for an alternating current are to be interrupted in vacuum made from the intermetallic compounds of the invention, exhibit the advantages of the generic class of materials set forth in the aforementioned Lee and Cobine application. Additionally, these interrnetallic compounds generally possess unusually high melting points, even as compared with either constituent from which they are formed. The desirability and the great utility in utlizing high melting point materials for vacuum switch arc-electrodes are set forth hereinbefore. A further advantageous characteristic is that the intermetallic compounds utilized herein are quite brittle, without being so brittle as to be so fragile that their use as contacts in a vacuum arc interrupter is precluded.
  • Al Ce although composed of constituents having melting points of 660 C. and 830 C. respectively, has a melting point of approximately 1465 C.
  • Al La although composed of constituents having a melting point 660 C. and 812 C. respectively, exhibits a melting point of approximately 1424 C.
  • AlSb although composed of constituents having melting points of 660 C., and 630 C. respectively, exhibits a melting point of approximately 1050 C.
  • Bi Ce although composed of constituents having melting points of 262 C. and 830 C. respectively, exhibits a melting point of approximately 1600 C.
  • Bi Mg although composed of constituents having melting points of 262 C. and 650 C.
  • intermetallic compounds utilized in the present invention possess unique and unexpected high-melting point characteristics which suit them ideally for use as the arc-electrodes of the vacuum circuit interrupters of the present invention.
  • the melting point of vacuum alternating circuit current are interrupters is important in preventing excessive melting in the contacts and, more important, in preventing the contacts from welding together, may readily be seen from fact that the cathode spot of a vacuum arc interrupter, such as is utilized as to interrupt currents several hundred amperes magnitude at 600 volts, often has a temperature of 2500 K. to 3500 K.
  • a further unexpected advantage obtained in vacuum arc interrupter utilized for the interruption of alternating current in accordance of the present invention, by utilizing the intermetallic compounds set forth herein, is the highly desirable intermediate brittleness of these compounds as compared with other elements and alloys having other desirab'e characteristics.
  • welding together of the contacts of the vacuum switch is a serious problem. If a weld between two contacts composed of a relatively ductile element, such as bismuth, does tend to form, the weld may withstand the initial shock of an attempt to separate the contacts, so that a permanent juncture therebetween isformed.
  • intermetallic compounds of this application are all quite hard and brittle and, should an initial welding action tend to take place, this brittleness, with the attendent lack of tensile strength, allows for such an initial weld to be broken so that the contacts do not permanently join together.
  • the brittleness of the intermetallic compounds of the present invention does not, however, approach the point, as does that of certain other elements and alloys, where shattering of the contacts becomes a problem.
  • vacuum circuit interrupters have, in the past, utilized refractory metals as the electrodes thereof since these materials may be heated to temperatures of the order of 2000 C. without substantial evaporating or melting. Obviously, such treatment cannot be utilized upon the intermetallic compounds utilized in the circuit interrupters of the present invention. However, it has been found that, once certain metals have been freed of occluded and sorbed gases by suitable treatment, the material may be exposed to atmospheric or higher pressures of air or other gases without becoming contaminated other than by the formation of a thin protective oxide over the surface thereof generally of the order of molecules in thickness.
  • the electrodes of the present invention may be formed by first removing occluded and sorbed gases from the constituent of the intermetallic compounds individually in their metallic state as for example, by repeated arc-meltings'in a vacuum. The constituents are then carefully measured to obtain stoichiometric proportions to form the desired compound and are once again melted and mixed in vacuo and cast in the desired electrode form.
  • this requirement may further be attainedif contacts utilized in the present invention, when placed in a vacuumized test chamber a few liters in volume and subse quently deeply eroded by a repetitive arcing, as for example, with the voltage of commercial power at a cur- 4 rent of 100 amperes or more, the pressure level of the container, a few cycles after arcing, does not rise substantially from its initial value in the absence of getters and pumps, even if the initial pressure is of the order of 10- mm. of mercury.
  • the electrodes are assembled into the interrupter device as illustrated in FIG. 1 and the entire device is connected to a suitable vacuum pump and evacuated. While being evacuated to a pressure of at least mm. of mercury or less, the entire device is suitably raised to a temperature of at least 500 C. in order to bake out all of the components thereof to free them from surface adsorbed gases so that an operative pressure may be maintained therein, even under high temperature conditions caused by repeated arcing be tween the electrodes thereof. Suitably, the device may be evacuated for approximately ten hours a pressure of 10- mm. of mercury. After the foregoing treatments, the tubulation connecting the interrupter chamber to the evacuation means is closed off, and the device is ready for use as a vacuum c rcuit nterrupter for alternating currents of low magnitude to provide low chopping values.
  • one object of the present invention is to provide improved chopping values for low voltage alternating current vacuum circuit interrupters by the provision of high melting point, intermediate brittleness, interme-tallic compound contacts to avoid vapor starvation at the cathfactor which can contribute to the is the presence of instabilities at the electrodes.
  • one constituent of the intermetallic compound comprising the arc electrodes of the vacuum circuit breakers of the invention comprises a metal having a vapor pressure between that of lanthanum and cadmium and satisfying certain other conditions
  • the other material comprising the intermetallic compound is chosen from the metals exhibiting a work-function below 3.5 e.v. as for example, cerium or lanthanum. This constituent must, of course, also be stable in air and suitable for vacuum processing.
  • the porous matrix is prepared, as for example, by sintering tungsten o-r molybdenum powder at high temperature and pressure.
  • the vacuum-treated intermetallic compound is then infiltrated into the porous mass at a suitable high temperature in vacuo.
  • the mechanical strength of the porous refractory matrix adds greatly to the ruggedness and long length characteristics of the circuit interrupter.
  • operative vacuum circuit interrupter which exhibits low values of chopping currents Without undesirable welding or sticking characteristics may be constructed wherein only one of the arc-electrodes is fabricated of the intermetallic compounds of this invention. It is, however, contemplated in a preferred embodiment of the invention that both electrodes be constructed of these compounds, since under certain circumstances, it is difficult to ascertain which eletrode Will be the cathode at the instant the circuit is interrupted and it may not be feasible to provide means for establishing such certainty.
  • a vacuum alternating current circuit interrupter comprising; an evacuable envelope evacuated to a pressure lower than mm. of mercury; 21 pair of electrical terminals adapted for connection in an alternating current circuit; a pair of electrodes located Within said envelope, connected in circuit between said terminals and disposed in spaced-apart relationship during circuit interrupting operation to allow for the establishment of a circuit interrupting arc uherebetween, each of said electrodes having a region on which a respective elect-rode spot for a low current are may be established; one of said electrode regiOns being formed of an intermetallic compound having a melting point in excess of 800 C., at least one constituent of which comprises a metal having a vapor pressure greater than that of lanthanum and less than that of cadmium, all constituents of said compound being stable in air and suitable for processing in vacuo to remove gaseous impurities therefrom.
  • a vacuum alternating current circuit interrupter comprising; an evacuable envelope evacuated to a pressure lower than 10* mm. of mercury; a pair of electrical terminals adapted for connection in an alternating cur-rent circuit; a pair of electrodes located within said envelope, connected in circuit between said terminals and disposed in spaced-apart relationship during circuit interrupting operation to allow for the establishment of a circuit interrupting arc therebetween, each of said electrodes having a region on which a respective electrode spot for a low current are may be established; one or" said electrode regions being formed of an intermetallic compound having a melting point in excess of 800 C., at least one constituent of which comprises a metal having a vapor pressure greater than that of lanthanum and less than that of cadmium, another constituent of said compound being a metal having a work function less than 3.5 electron volts, all constituents of said compound being stable in air and suitable for processing in vacuo to remove gaseous impurities therefrom.
  • the circuit interrupter of claim 1 wherein the electrode region comprises an intermetallic compound seleoted from the group consisting of Al Ce, Al La, AlSb, Bi Ce Bi Mg sncez, snLaz, PbLa Sn CC, Sn La, Cu Ce and Cu La.
  • the circuit interrupter of claim 1 wherein the electrode region is Bi Ce 8.
  • the circuit interrupter of claim 1 wherein the electrode region is Bi Mg 9.
  • the circuit interrupter of claim 1 wherein the electrode region is SnCe 10.
  • the circuit interrupter of claim 1 wherein the electrode region is SnLa 11.
  • the circuit interrupter of claim 1 wherein the electrode region is PbLa 12.
  • the circuit interrupter of claim trode region is MgSb.
  • the circuit interrupter of claim trode region is Sn C'e.
  • the circuit interrupter of claim trode region is Sn La.
  • the circuit interrupter of cl aim trode region is Cu Ce.
  • the circuit interrupter of claim trode region is Cu La.
  • the circuit interrupter of claim work function material is cerium.

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  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
US750615A 1958-07-24 1958-07-24 Vacuum circuit interrupters Expired - Lifetime US3016436A (en)

Priority Applications (22)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL244627D NL244627A (US07655688-20100202-C00548.png) 1958-07-24
NL241567D NL241567A (US07655688-20100202-C00548.png) 1958-07-24
US750615A US3016436A (en) 1958-07-24 1958-07-24 Vacuum circuit interrupters
US750614A US2975255A (en) 1958-07-24 1958-07-24 Vacuum circuit interrupters
US750784A US2975256A (en) 1958-07-24 1958-07-24 Vacuum type circuit interrupter
DE1959G0027419 DE1074120B (de) 1958-07-24 1959-07-02 und James Martin Laflerty Schenectadv N Y (V St A) I Vakuumschalter
DEG27420A DE1081950B (de) 1958-07-24 1959-07-03 Vakuumschalter
BE580492A BE580492A (fr) 1958-07-24 1959-07-08 Interrupteur de circuit du type à vide
BE580532A BE580532R (fr) 1958-07-24 1959-07-09 Interrupteurs de circuit de type à vide
GB24617/59A GB915559A (en) 1958-07-24 1959-07-17 Improvements in vacuum type circuit interrupters
GB24637/59A GB915560A (en) 1958-07-24 1959-07-17 Improvements in vacuum circuit interrupters
ES0250963A ES250963A1 (es) 1958-07-24 1959-07-22 Perfeccionamientos en los interruptores de circuito de tipo de vacio
CH7613259A CH384053A (de) 1958-07-24 1959-07-23 Elektrischer Vakuumschalter
CH7613359A CH424918A (de) 1958-07-24 1959-07-23 Elektrischer Vakuumschalter
NL241568D NL241568A (US07655688-20100202-C00548.png) 1958-07-24 1959-07-23
ES0251010A ES251010A2 (es) 1958-07-24 1959-07-23 Perfeccionamietnos en los interruptores de circuito del tipo de vacio
FR801035A FR76858E (fr) 1958-07-24 1959-07-24 Interrupteur à atmosphère raréfiée
FR801033A FR1234382A (fr) 1958-07-24 1959-07-24 Interrupteur à atmosphère raréfiée
FR807568A FR76868E (fr) 1958-07-24 1959-10-15 Interrupteur à atmosphère raréfiée
GB35675/59A GB922012A (en) 1958-07-24 1959-10-21 Improvements in vacuum-type circuit interrupter
DEG28207A DE1088132B (de) 1958-07-24 1959-10-22 Vakuumschalter
CH7972259A CH423925A (de) 1958-07-24 1959-10-22 Elektrischer Vakuumschalter

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US750615A US3016436A (en) 1958-07-24 1958-07-24 Vacuum circuit interrupters
US750614A US2975255A (en) 1958-07-24 1958-07-24 Vacuum circuit interrupters
US750784A US2975256A (en) 1958-07-24 1958-07-24 Vacuum type circuit interrupter
US76921558A 1958-10-23 1958-10-23

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US3016436A true US3016436A (en) 1962-01-09

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US750615A Expired - Lifetime US3016436A (en) 1958-07-24 1958-07-24 Vacuum circuit interrupters
US750784A Expired - Lifetime US2975256A (en) 1958-07-24 1958-07-24 Vacuum type circuit interrupter
US750614A Expired - Lifetime US2975255A (en) 1958-07-24 1958-07-24 Vacuum circuit interrupters

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US750784A Expired - Lifetime US2975256A (en) 1958-07-24 1958-07-24 Vacuum type circuit interrupter
US750614A Expired - Lifetime US2975255A (en) 1958-07-24 1958-07-24 Vacuum circuit interrupters

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US (3) US3016436A (US07655688-20100202-C00548.png)
BE (2) BE580492A (US07655688-20100202-C00548.png)
CH (3) CH424918A (US07655688-20100202-C00548.png)
DE (3) DE1074120B (US07655688-20100202-C00548.png)
ES (2) ES250963A1 (US07655688-20100202-C00548.png)
FR (3) FR1234382A (US07655688-20100202-C00548.png)
GB (3) GB915559A (US07655688-20100202-C00548.png)
NL (3) NL241568A (US07655688-20100202-C00548.png)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3182156A (en) * 1961-09-19 1965-05-04 Gen Electric Vacuum-type circuit interrupter
US3313620A (en) * 1963-02-18 1967-04-11 E I Te R S P A Elettochimica I Steel with lead and rare earth metals
US3369094A (en) * 1966-07-15 1968-02-13 Metcom Inc Gallium metal contact switch
US3389359A (en) * 1967-04-19 1968-06-18 Gen Electric Change of state current limiter devices with stacked segment construction
US3389360A (en) * 1967-04-19 1968-06-18 Gen Electric Change of state current limiter having flat plate construction
US3497755A (en) * 1966-07-01 1970-02-24 Gen Electric Vacuum devices with electrode members containing oxygen - reactive minor constitutent

Families Citing this family (46)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3234351A (en) * 1961-10-19 1966-02-08 Gen Electric Vacuum devices having arc electrodes free of adsorbed gas and gas-forming constituents
GB1020914A (en) * 1961-11-10 1966-02-23 Gen Electric Improvements in vacuum circuit interrupter
US3163734A (en) * 1962-01-26 1964-12-29 Gen Electric Vacuum-type circuit interrupter with improved vapor-condensing shielding
US3210505A (en) * 1962-04-03 1965-10-05 Gen Electric Electrode structure for an electric circuit interrupter
NL299341A (US07655688-20100202-C00548.png) * 1964-03-11
FR1385794A (fr) * 1963-01-30 1965-01-15 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Perfectionnements apportés à un interrupteur de circuit électrique du type interrupteur à vide
GB1047706A (en) * 1963-06-14 1966-11-09 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to electrical devices wherein an electric arc may be produced in operation
GB1087074A (en) * 1963-07-18 1967-10-11 Ass Elect Ind Improvements relating to vacuum switch contacts
GB1065886A (en) * 1963-10-11 1967-04-19 Ass Elect Ind Improvements relating to vacuum-switch contacts
US3283103A (en) * 1963-12-06 1966-11-01 Gen Electric Means for controlling phase relationship between flux and current in a vacuum interrupter
US3225167A (en) * 1964-03-16 1965-12-21 Gen Electric Vacuum circuit breaker with arc rotation contact means
GB1079013A (en) * 1964-04-21 1967-08-09 English Electric Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to contacts and electrodes
DE1228697B (de) * 1964-07-13 1966-11-17 English Electric Co Ltd Druckgasschalter
GB1100259A (en) * 1965-02-16 1968-01-24 Ass Elect Ind Improvements relating to vacuum switch contacts
GB1078657A (en) * 1965-06-30 1967-08-09 Ass Elect Ind Grain refinement process for copper-bismuth alloys
NL6511914A (US07655688-20100202-C00548.png) * 1965-09-13 1967-03-14
US3430015A (en) * 1966-03-28 1969-02-25 Gen Electric Vacuum-type circuit interrupter having brazed joints protected from weld-inhibiting constitutent in contact structure
GB1194674A (en) * 1966-05-27 1970-06-10 English Electric Co Ltd Vacuum Type Electric Circuit Interrupting Devices
US3514559A (en) * 1967-03-27 1970-05-26 Mc Graw Edison Co Vacuum type circuit interrupter
US3502465A (en) * 1967-05-24 1970-03-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Contact alloys for vacuum circuit interrupters
DE1558647B2 (de) * 1967-08-05 1972-03-09 Siemens Ag Heterogenes durchdringungsverbundmetall als kontaktwerkstoff fuer vakuumschalter
GB1257417A (US07655688-20100202-C00548.png) * 1970-03-20 1971-12-15
US3663775A (en) * 1970-03-24 1972-05-16 Gen Electric Vacuum interrupter with contacts containing a minor percentage of aluminum
US3686456A (en) * 1970-04-09 1972-08-22 Gen Electric Contact structure for an electric circuit breaker
JPS555652B2 (US07655688-20100202-C00548.png) * 1974-06-26 1980-02-08
JPS596449B2 (ja) * 1976-05-27 1984-02-10 株式会社東芝 真空しや断器
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SU705909A1 (ru) * 1976-08-02 1992-10-07 Предприятие П/Я Р-6517 Система электродов дл вакуумного коммутационного прибора
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US1901639A (en) * 1923-04-06 1933-03-14 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Vacuum circuit breaker
US1784303A (en) * 1928-09-05 1930-12-09 California Inst Of Techn Alternating-power-current interrupter
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US3313620A (en) * 1963-02-18 1967-04-11 E I Te R S P A Elettochimica I Steel with lead and rare earth metals
US3497755A (en) * 1966-07-01 1970-02-24 Gen Electric Vacuum devices with electrode members containing oxygen - reactive minor constitutent
US3369094A (en) * 1966-07-15 1968-02-13 Metcom Inc Gallium metal contact switch
US3389359A (en) * 1967-04-19 1968-06-18 Gen Electric Change of state current limiter devices with stacked segment construction
US3389360A (en) * 1967-04-19 1968-06-18 Gen Electric Change of state current limiter having flat plate construction

Also Published As

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NL241567A (US07655688-20100202-C00548.png)
GB915559A (en) 1963-01-16
NL241568A (US07655688-20100202-C00548.png) 1965-05-25
US2975256A (en) 1961-03-14
ES250963A1 (es) 1959-12-16
NL244627A (US07655688-20100202-C00548.png)
GB922012A (en) 1963-03-27
DE1081950B (de) 1960-05-19
DE1074120B (de) 1960-01-28
FR76868E (fr) 1961-12-15
BE580492A (fr) 1959-11-03
BE580532R (fr) 1959-11-03
CH423925A (de) 1966-11-15
GB915560A (en) 1963-01-16
FR1234382A (fr) 1960-10-17
FR76858E (fr) 1961-12-15
CH424918A (de) 1966-11-30
ES251010A2 (es) 1960-01-16
DE1088132B (de) 1960-09-01
CH384053A (de) 1964-11-15
US2975255A (en) 1961-03-14

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