US2994937A - Concrete form hardware - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 8, 1961 c. l. WILLIAMS CONCRETE FORM HARDWARE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 11, 1954 2. 2/ jm/ zr, 20 g (fiesisv' lad 1227725 Aug. 8, 1961 c. 1. WlLL lAMS 2,994,937

CONCRETE FORM HARDWARE Filed June 11, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 /1 [A7 AV 47 Ilnited States Patent 2,994,931 CONCRETE FORM HARDWARE Chester I. Williams, 1501 Madison Ave,

Grand Rapids, Mich. Filed June 11, 1954, Ser. No. 436,024 4 Claims. (Cl. ZS-131.5)

This invention relates to improvements and construction of monolithic structurm, such as concrete walls, floors, roadways, etc., by the use of wire ties for assembling forms, and more particularly relates to an improved means ior fastening together not only oppositely spaced apart forms and similar objects but also for erecting forms to structural members such as I-beams, channels, and the like, to form floors, roadbeds, reinforced concrete beams, and the like, and is an improvement over the wire tie disclosed and claimed in my co-pending U.S. application, Serial No. 394,090, filed November 24, 1953, now abandoned.

Prior to my invention, it was customary to use conventional forms of high chairs and the like construction, well known in the concrete form art and also saddle hangers, snap-in ties, and the like for bridge decking and sidewalk forming, and also conventional forms of coil hangers and ceiling inserts. However, with certain of these constructions, the hardware necessary required usually nine inches extra on the side which is extended through the form lumber for securing the form construction. It has been the usual practice in the past to break off and throw away this extra length of wire with the result that a large amount ended as scrap. It is, therefore, a principal object of the invention to provide an improved concrete form hardware which can be quickly connected to or disconnected from integrally cast portions of the form hardware to form the proper thickness of slabs for floors, bridge decking, sidewalks, and also reinforced beam construction.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved form of concrete form hardware construction in which the thread of the rod protrudes in the hole left by the cone spacer of the improved wire tie to insure a patch which will not drop out and will stand the Hammer test.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved form of concrete form hardware construction which requires less than three complete turns for removal as the member integrally cast with the concrete utilizes a double lead thread.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved wedge construction which is complementally formed to the detachable outer rod, so that the wedge may be used for the removal of the outer rod without the requirement of the use of any wrench.

Still another object of the invention is the provision of a cone on the outer rod for spacing the sheathing of the concrete forms, and in which the cone is permanently aflixed on the inner end of the outer rod or unit.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved wire tie construction in which there is a substantial saving in replacement cost since only the tie rods are lost in the Wall.

Other objects or" the invention are providing concrete form hardware construction in which there is no break off loss, a watertight tie construction, and positive disconnection substantially one inch back from the face of the wall or surface of the concrete construction.

A still further object of the invention is to provide concrete form construction having a greater factor of safety, and a concrete form hardware construction that will not pull, twist or loosen.

A further object of the invention is to provide a concrete form hardware construction wherein no wrenches or tools are required for removal or installation.

In order to accomplish the various objects of the invention, I have provided as one embodiment of my improved concrete form hardware an improved form of high chair beam hanger for erecting form construction for pouring slabs for building constructions and the like, in which the beams are not fireproofed, and which also may be used for slabs and reinforced beam constructions which are fireproof, and which are equally adaptedfor the construction of forms for bridge decking and sidewalk forming. The improved beam high chair construction preferably comprises a one-half inch tie rod supported substantially three-fourths of an inch about the top face of an I-beam or the like construction to which are attached conventional one inch she-bolt constructions at both ends, and which are tapped to receive the threaded downturned ends of the tie rod. It is also within the scope of the invention to use the improved high chair beam hanger construction with improved usable outer units, and in which the beam hanger is similar to a conventional saddle type hanger but supported by a simple form of high chair affixed thereto.

To the threaded ends of the inner rods, there are attached outer rods of suitable size, depending upon the form construction to be supported, having at their inner ends a cone permanently aflixed in place for attaching to the outer ends of the inner tie rod for correct spacing of the sheathing of the forms to provide the correct wall thickness or slab thickness, etc. The length of the outer reusable unit corresponds to the lumber dimensions of the form of the sheathing, studding, and waler members, and also that of the wedge used for removal of the outer rods and the attaching thereof to the inner tie rod. The wedge is formed with a keyhole opening for the assembly of the wedge to the outer rod, and the slot of the wedge is complementally formed to a flattened portion of the outer tie rod to serve as a wrench. The inner tie rod may be provided with ears against which the cones abut to insure exact spacing of the sheathing when the cones of the outer rods are assembled on the inner rod.

Many other objects and advantages of the construction herein shown and described will be obvious to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein given.

To this end, my invention consists in the novel construction, arrangement, and combination of parts herein shown and described and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings forming part of the specification:

FIG. 1 is a View in elevation, partly in section, illustrating the improved high chair beam hanger construction of this invention utilized in the construction of floor slabs and the like for use with I-beams and the like structure to set on the top of the flange of the beam for supporting the form work and wherein the beams are not fireproofed;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the high chair beam hanger of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the tie rod of the high chair beam hanger of FIG. 1 detachably connected to she-bolts having tapered ends;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view in elevation of the cross tie of the high chair beam hanger of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a view in perspective of a support for the cross tie of the high chair beam hanger of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a modified form of support from that of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a modified form of a she-bolt for use with the high chair beam hanger of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a modified form of high chair beam hanger to that of FIG. 1, utilizing a reusable outer unit and --an inch in diameter.

ner she-bolt construction afiixed to rods welded to a beam flange.

Referring more particularly to FIGS. 1 through 7of the-drawings, an improved high chair beam hanger construction 10 is shown for supporting concrete form work 11in casting concrete slabs and the like to be supported on steel beam constructions in which the beams are not fireproofed. The form construction 11 comprises the usual sheathing 12, joists or transverse supporting members13 together with walers 14, and these in turn are .aifixed together against the lower face of a flange 15 of --an I-beam 16 to which the form construction is assembled for pouring the monolithic concrete slab construction and the like.

The high chair beam hanger construction 10 which holds the parts of the form to the flange preferably comprises a tie rod 17 which is supported above the upper face 18 of the I-beam by support members 19. The tie --rod, which is normally one-half inch rolled thread stock, 'is formed with a rolled thread 20 at each end. Referring -to FIG. 4, the tie rod 17 isv preferably formed cut to the required length, after which the ends' are rolled threaded asat 20 and then for-med with the L-shaped ends 21.

The stops 22 may be gauged from the respective L-shaped .ends 21- and formed by staking. The staked members 22, serve to gauge the inner face of the support members '19 which are located to be positioned substantially contiguous to each edge 18 of the I-beam 15, FIGS. 1, 2,

-and-3.

:Refenring to FIGS. 1, 2, 5, and 6, the support members 19 are preferably formed from flat stock substantially one-fourth by one inch and one and one-half inches long, and so punched as to locate the bottom edge of the tie rod substantially three-fourths of an inch above the top face 18 of the I-beam, FIGS. 1 and 3. The support member 19 is formed as shown in FIG. with a slotted hole 23 which may he closed to the position shown in FIG. 2 to assemble the support members 29 in place on the tie rod 17. The slot 23 for a one-half inch rolled thread tie rod 17 is preferably formed with'a semicircular hole 24 substantially twenty nine-sixty fourths of Symmetrical-shaped arcuate portions 25 correspond substantially to the ninety degree are for each quarter of the completed hole 26 when assem- -bled in position on the tie rod, as illustrated in FIGS. 1,

2, and 3, with the inclined edges 27, FIG. 5, abutting as at 28, FIG. l2. The slotted hole 23, shaped as shown in FIG; 5, may be assembled to its closed position as shown in FIG. 2 by placing under a press oreven closing by hammering the free ends 29 until the hole is closed about the tie rod' 17. When assembled in this manner, the oppositely positioned stops 22 prevent any inward movement of the support member 19 on either end of the tie rod when mounted acrossthe upper face 18 of the I-beam as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3. Since the completed hole 26 is a relatively tight fit, and as the rolled threaded ends 20 are larger in diameter than the tie rod, after the supporting members 19 are assembled in position they cannot be withdrawn and may be readily shipped when so assembled without fear of loss of parts of the tie rod construction.

Referring to FIG. 6, there is illustrated a modified form of support member 19' which is preferably formed from angular stock substantially 'one-fourth'inch by one inch by one and one-half inches. 'When formed in this slotted hole of the support member 19. The only'difference in the construction is instead of the bottom edge of the member 19 abutting the upper face 18 of the I-beam, the short leg 30 of the angle iron support member 19 serves as an extended base for the support member. The support member 19' is affixed to the tie rod 17 in the same manner as described with reference to the support member 19, and the leg 30 at each end of the tie rod is assembled to extend inwardly toward the center of the tie rod as shown in the dotted construction 30, FIG. 3.

In using the high chair beam hanger construction, the assembled tie rod 17 and its support member 19 and 19 are assembled to the upper surface 18, and the members forming the form construction are assembled in position as illustrated in FIG. 1. Holes 31 are formed in the sheathing 12 through which are assembled conventional she-bolts, such as disclosed and claimed in applicants US. Patent 2,190,748, granted February 20, 1940, for Securing Device for Concrete Forms and for this particular application it is preferred to use one inch outside diameter rod with a one-half inch standard tap for tapping a threaded hole 32 in the tapered end of the shebolt, althrough it is within the scope of the invention that the threaded ends 20 of the tie rod and the complementally formed thread 3-2, FIG. 7, of the she-bolt may be a double lead thread so that substantially only three terms are necessary to detach and attach the she-bolt to the ends of the tie rod. In the construction illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 7, a modified form of she-bolt 35 is illustrated which, in addition to having conventional threads 36 for attaching a clamp bracket 37 to the spaced walers 14 by a conventional wing nut38, is also formed with a flattened portion 39 which is complementally formed to a slot in an improved wedge construction 40, as disclosed and claimed in my co-pending application, Serial No. 394,090, filed November 24, 19-5 3, for Wire Tie, now abandoned. This improved wedge construction 40 is preferably formed as a casting from malleable iron, cast steel, or

semi-steel, or as a pressed steel member, or as a forging The wedge 40 is preferably formed with a keyhole slot in which there is formed an opening complementally to the threaded end 36 of the she-bolt, and the' slottedportion of the keyhole slot is complementally formed to receive the flattened portion 39. The wedge construction 40 of this construction is a heavier construction than that of the copending application, since it is used with a larger diameter she-bolt than the reusable outer unit to be described with reference to certain other embodiments of the invention to be described later.

The tapered she-bolt construction of this invention is preferably formed with a tapered portion 41, tapering from substantially four and one-half inches from the inner end of the rod with the taper decreasing from the one inch diameter of the rod to substantially three-fourths of an inch at the outer end. This length of taper permits the she-bolt to be readily detached from the ends of the tie rod, leaving a conical-shaped opening which may be readily patched, and the threaded ends serving to key the patch in position.

To detach the form construction 11 after the concrete has set, the clamp bracket 37 is loosened by unloosening the wing nut 38 and after the wing nut 38 has been backed off a certain amount, a nail may be inserted through a hole 42 in the threaded end 36 of the she-bolt and a slot 44 of the wing nut, whereupon turning of the wing nut 38 detaches the she-bolt from the threaded end of the tie assgssr fod. In this manner, as the various she-bolts are detached, the parts of the form may be disassembled. The forms are assembled in the reverse order. Instead of the clamp bracket and Wing nut construction, as shown, it is also within the scope of the invention to use the clamp bracket construction of my US. Patent 2,659,125, granted Nov. 17, 1953.

Using the improved wedge construction 40, the shebolts may be detached by using the member 40 as a wrench, tapping the handle-shaped end 45 with the hand or a hammer, if necessary, until the she-bolt is loosened. The she-bolt may then be completely detached or partially unthreaded so that it may be removed by hand after the wedge construction 40 has been detached by sliding the wedge construction laterally with the slotted construction engaging the flattened portion 39 until it is moved to the right a sufi'icient amount, as viewed in FIG. 1, so that the hole complemental to the threaded end 36 allows the wedge construction 40 to be detached. The she-bolt 35 may then be unscrewed by hand or if it is still not sufficiently detached, the Wedge construction may be used as a wrench and the she-bolt completely detached. The form constructions 11 may then be detached as the she-bolts and wedge constructions are removed and are reassembled in the reverse order.

Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, there is illustrated another embodiment 46 of a high chair beam hanger from that of FIGS. 1 through 4. In this embodiment, a U-shaped saddle-like hanger member 47 is supported above the upper flanged surface 18 of an I-beam 16 by support members 19 similarly formed as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 5, and likewise, similarly afiixed to the transverse portion 48 of the hanger and spaced by stops 22. It is also within the scope of the invention that the support member 19', FIG. 6, may be used. Downwardly extending legs 49 are aflixed at their lower ends to coneshaped members 50. The cone-shaped members 50 are complementally threaded to receive the threaded ends 51 of the legs 49. Stops 52 are formed by staking the legs as illustrated to limit the inward movement of the cone-shaped members 50. Reusable outer units 53 comprise an outer tie rod 54 threaded at its inner end at 55 to the complementally threaded portion 56 of the coneshaped member 50. The conical member 50 is prevented from being detached from the tie rod 54 by prick punching as at 50.

The outer tie rod 54 is preferably formed from threeeighth inch high tensile steel rod or wire stock whereas the hanger construction 46 is preferably formed from fivesixteenth inch high tensile steel rod or wire stock. The threaded portion 51 and the complementally threaded portion 57 of the cone is formed with a double lead thread which only requires substantially three turns to detach the outer unit 53 from the ends of the hanger.

The outer end of the outer tie rod 54 is formed with a cylindrically shaped button 58 and contiguous thereto is formed a flattened portion 59. The button 58 is preferably integrally formed by upsetting and the like, or it may be formed as also disclosed and claimed in my aforementioned co-pending application for Wire Tie, now abandoned. A wedge construction 60, as disclosed and claimed in the above-mentioned co-pending application, now abandoned, similar to the wedge construction 40 of FIG. 1 but modified because of the smaller diameter of the outer tie rod 54 to that of the she-bolt 35 is provided. The wedge construction 60 is formed with a keyhole slot 61 complemental to the flattened portion 59, and the circular opening of the keyhole slot is complementally formed to the button 58 to permit attaching and detaching of the wedge member 60 to the outer tie rod.

The forms 62 including waler members 63 and 64 and sheathing 65 are aflixed to the bottom face of the flange after first suitably arranging the U-shaped saddle members 46 in position on the top flange. The reusable outer units 53 are inserted through openings 66 in the .6 sheathing, and the waler members assembled in place contiguous to the outer tie rod 54 and abutting the sheathing as illustrated in FIG. 1, so that the wedge member 60 can extend thereacross as illustrated in FIG. 1 by the wedge member 40. By rotating the wedge member 60, the conical end of the outer unit is affixed to the double lead thread 51. Although this embodiment has been illustrated using only the waler members 62 and 63, it is also Within the scope of the invention that the outer tie rods 54 may be of suitable length, if it is desired to use a form arrangement including, for example, longitudinally extending members comparable to the members 13 of FIG. 1 to which are added the transverse Walers 14 comparable to the waler members 63 and 64 of the form construction illustrated in FIG. 8. After the concrete has been poured,- as illustrated in FIG. 9, it is evident that this improved form of high chair permits the concrete to be placed underneath the tie rod portion 46 and the upper flange surface 18 of the I-beam 16. FIG. 9 illustrates the beam cast within the concrete and with its outer face 67 flush. Upon detaching the outer units 53, as illustrated in the lower left portion of FIG. 9, a conical opening 68 remains in the face of the concrete portion of the depending beam which may be suitably patched, and the double lead thread 51 of the hanger 46 provides a suitable key to retain the patch in place.

Referring to the lower right portion of FIG. 9, there is illustrated a simple construction or insert 69 similarly formed as the conical portion 50 of the outer unit 53, though the diameters thereof may be slightly less than that of the conical-shaped portion 50 to permit ease in assembly of the insert 69, which also has a female threaded portion 70 complementally formed to the double lead thread 51 of the hanger. These threads may also be a conventional single thread, if desired. The conicalshaped insert 69 is formed with a depending portion 71, having a hole to receive either pencil-shaped rods and the like for support of expanded metal lathing or other forms of ceiling construction, such as metal pan systems and acoustical systems. The insert 69 may also be used to support a furrin g strip construction '72 in which channelshaped furring strips 73 are leveled and supported by wire ties 74, after which furring strips 75 may be hung by conventional U-shaped wire hangers 76 depending over the strips 73 and supporting the strips 75. Since the high chair beam hanger constructions 46 are suitably aligned with respect to the I-beam 16, it is quite apparent that the furring strip construction 73 may be readily aligned, using either of the legs 49 for mounting the furring strip construction 72. It is also possible with this construction to permit one leg of the high chair beam construction to support the ceiling construction, and the other leg of the hanger bracket may be used for mounting hangers in supporting water, steam piping, and electrical conduits, either suspended below the ceiling or between the suspended ceiling and the floor slab.

In the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 8, there have been illustrated various forms of hanger constructions, for pouring concrete floor slabs, partially or totally enclosing structural beams for reinforced beam constructions for roadways, floor slabs, and the like, and for fireproofing the structural steel members. In the modified hanger construction of FIG. 8, the completed concrete form construction for the beam has only been partially shown, and it is within the scope of the invention thatt he remainder of the form may be constructed in any suitable manner.

Referring to FIG. 10, there is illustrated a concrete form construction incorporating certain embodiments of hanger brackets and the like for erecting bridge decking and for sidewalk forming. Sheathing 12 for the forms is preferably supported by joist members 13 and waler members 14 affixed in position by the high chair beam constructions and she-bolt constructions as described with reference to the construction disclosed with reference to 'as at 90 to the face 18 of the flange. the scope of the invention that the deformed tie rod may FIG. 1. It is also within the scope of the invention that hanger arrangements 46" and others'may beused, if it is desired to partially or totally enclose the beam 16 to i form a reinforced concrete beam construction for the bridge decking, etc. Referring to the left hand side of 'FIG. 10, the form work 87' is suitably erected as illusshe-bolt will clear the outer edge 18' of the flange with the inner portion of the deformed tie rod 39 welded It is also within be formed with an extended portion in order that it may be hammered about the opposite edge of the flange 15.

The she-bolt 88 at its outer threaded end 91 may have attached thereto a fly nut 92. It is also within the scope of the invention that the wing nut and clamp bracket construction 38 and 37 and the wedge construction and she-bolt construction 35 may be used without departing from the scope of the invention, as well as the Clamp Bracket of my aforementioned U.S. Patent No, 2,659,125. It is thus obvious that simple forms of tie rods and hanger brackets may be used for supporting concrete form constructions for pouring monolithic bridge decking and the like. With the improved construction of the hangers as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 10 and the clamp constructions "with the waler construction as described, fewer hangers and clamps are required in the installation which reduces the cost of erecting and stripping the forms. With this 7 improved form of hanger construction which will support an eight thousand pound load, it is possible to install these hanger constructions every eight feet on centers instead of every sixteen inches on centers as is conventionally used with saddle hangers and the like constructions from three-sixteenths of an inch rod. When used in this manner, it is preferred that the tie rod shall be formed preferably from one-half inch high carbon tie rod stock, which is of such a size as a conventional rolled thread may be formed on the ends, and With this one-half inch tie rod stock a one inch outside diameter high tensile strength she-bolt is used. It is also within the scope of the invention for light form work to use tie rods formed from five-sixteenth inch stock of high carbon steel, and the tie rod portions of the reusable outer hangers being preferably formed from three-eighth inch high carbon stock.

It is thus evident that very simple forms of hangers have been disclosed for erecting conventional forms of concrete form construction for pouring slab constructions and reinforced beam constructions, and for supporting accessories for use in erecting and patching and finishing of the faces of various monolithic concrete surfaces.

There has also been disclosed various forms of reusable outer units which decrease the cost of erecting forms and as they are preferably formed from high tensile strength steel rods, the numbers of the form supporting members are greatly reduced.

It is also further evident that a simple wire tie construction has been formed in which there is no breakoff loss and in which the outer tie rods or she-bolts may be 'used over and over again, so that there is a substantial saving in replacement cost as only the inner tie rods, hanger constructions, and hook ties are lost or remain within the wall.

There is also described an improved hanger, wire tie, or waler rod construction which requires less than three complete turns for removal of the reusable outer units fromthe inner rod and in which there is rapid adjustment without the use of a wrench or other tool, and in -which there-is exact spacing of the sheathing for the wall thicknessdesired and also-thicknesses for embedding re,

inforced concrete construction for fireproofing theintegrally cast structural'steel members. It is also to be understood that although the tie rods have been described with reference to one-half inch wire stock in certain instances and five-sixteenth inch wire stock in other instances, it is within the scope of the invention that any size rods may be used, or variations in the lengths and other dimensions of the construction may be used, depending upon the size of the slabs, reinforced beams, and form constructions to be assembled for the pouring thereof.

Having thus described my invention, it is obvious that various immaterial modifications may be made in the same without departing from the spirit of my invention; hence, I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to the exact form, construction, arrangement and combination of parts herein shown and described, or uses mentioned.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by letters patent is:

l. A fastening device for afiixing form members to opposite sides of a structural member formed with a flange and certain of said form members abutting a face of the flange contiguous to the edges thereof, said fastening device including an angularly shaped member comprising L-shaped ends and an intermediate portion for positioning the fastening device with respect to the structural member for supporting the form members from the structural member, rectangular-shaped support members provided with respective openings which are aligned for rotatably and freely mounting respective ends of the intermediate portion of said fastening device for permitting angular movement of said fastening device and laterally spaced thereon for positioning contiguous to the longitudinal edges of the flange with the bottom edges of the support embers abutting the upper face of the flange, and stop means for limiting the axial movement of the support members on the intermediate portion between the respective contiguous stop means and L-shaped ends.

2. A high chair beam hanger for supporting concrete form members from opposite sides of a structural member, comprising a rotatable tie rod portion for transversely mounting contiguous to a face of the structure member, support means engageablewith such a face and provided with oppositely arranged openings complementally formed to the rotatable tie rod portion for rotatably mounting said rotatable tie rod portion, said rotatable tie rod portion including leg portions formed with securing means, and said securing means complementally formed to detach-ably aflix longitudinally extending rcusable outer members to the free ends of said high chair beam hanger for aflixing the concrete form members to opposite sides of the structural member.

3. A high chair beam hanger for supporting concrete form members from opposite sides of a structural member, comprising a rotatable tie rod portion for transversely mounting contiguous to a face of the structural member, said rotatable tie rod portion having leg portions formed with securing means extending downwardly contiguous to the longitudinal edges of the structural member, said securing means complementally formed to detachably aflix longitudinally extending reusable outer members to the free ends of said high chair beam hanger for aflixing the concrete form members to opposite sides of the structural member, and support means engageable with the upper face of the structural member and provided with oppositely arranged openings complementally formed to the rotatable tie rod portion for rotatably and freely mounting the rotatable tie rod portion upon the upper face of the structural member contiguous to the edges thereof, whereby the leg portions are supported normal to the opposite face of the structural member.

4. A high chair beam hanger for supporting concrete form members from opposite sides of a structural mem ber, comprising a rotatable tie rod portion for transversely mounting contiguous to a face of the structural member, said rotatable tie rod portion being substantially U- shaped and with the free ends thereof laterally extending and formed with securing means, support means for rotatably and freely mounting each end of the hanger upon a structural member, said support means formed with a slotted opening complementally shaped to the periphery of the rotatable tie rod portion upon closing of the slot upon the rotatable tie rod for loosely and rotatably mounting the rotatable tie rod portion upon the support, and stop means for limiting the inward axial movement of the support means at each end of the rotatable tie rod for locating the support means contiguous to the longitudinally extending edges of the structural member and contiguous to the laterally extending free ends of the rotatable tie rod portion.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,463,967 Pedigo Aug. 7, 1923 1,667,252 Hawley Apr. 24, 1928 1,693,240 Lampert Nov. 27, 1928 1,745,858 McCarty Feb. 4, 1930 OTHER REFERENCES Richmond Catalog Form, Ty Engineering Guide, Richmond Screw Anchor Co. Inc., 816-838 Liberty Ave., Brooklyn, N.Y., 1943, pages 9, 14, 15, 16.

Universal Catalog, Universal Form Clamp Co., 1238- 48, North Kastner Avenue, Chicago, 111., 1943, pages 8, 10, 11, 19, 30 and 36.

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