US2058268A - Form for building construction - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 20, 1936. v 0,, STANLEY 2,058,268

FORM FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed March 16, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR OSCAR M JTAA/L E Y 0a. 20, 1936. 0. M. STANLEY 2,058,268

FORM FOR BUILDIIjG CONSTRUCTION Filed March 16, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 If I I I? z III III

II III llll.

in" u r mun Im II OSCAR /7 T/INL 5 X Oct. 20, 1936. M, STANLEY 2,058,268

FORM FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed March 16, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR 0504/? //f STA/v4 ATT RNEY Oct. 20, 1936. I STANLEY 2,058,268

FORM FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed March 16, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Jig .4

USCA/Q \jmNLEV A ORNEY Oct. 20, 1936;

o. M. STANLEY FORM FOR BUILDING JONS TRUCTION Fiied March 16, 1931 '5,Sheets-S heet 5 .ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 20, 1936 FORM FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Oscar M. Stanley, New'York, N. Y. Application March 16, 1931 serial a... 523,001

11 Claims.

-'I!hi s invention relates to'apparatus adapted for use in the erection of concrete construction. More particularly, the invention relates to forms and means ,for supporting forms in which concrete is moulded.

Prior to myinvention, concrete buildings almost universallyhave been made by the erection of temporary-wooden forms. The construction, fitting and erectionof these forms has involved theexpenditure of large amounts for skilled labor and for lumber which, after use on one or a few of such forms, has been destroyed so far as its usef-ulness is'concerned. The cost of such form work is one of the most important items in the cost of i5- concrete construction. It isusual, in erecting such forms, to support the framing from the permanent steel frame by wiring to the steel beams of: the permanent frame of the building cross timbers beneath the sofiits of the beam forms. Upon these cross timbers, the beam forms andpanel centering forms have been supported by additionalframingand by fitted wooden facings.-

"It has also-been suggested to use forms of sheet metal or other materials more permanent than wood, and which are intended to be reused many times. Such forms, however, ordinarily require fitted frames erected in the same manner as for wooden forms, and furthermore are practical only where the sizes of beams and arches are exactly the same'throughout a large building or in many buildings which are to beerected close together. Where, as is more often the case, the sizes vary, the cost of supplying and handling the variety of permanent forms frequently exceeds the cost of building and fitting the temporary wooden forms}; Obviously, Where-an odd size is required, it is impracticable to use permanent forms in any case, so' that'at best they can only partially replace the 40 handmade woo-den forms built and fitted on the job.

Accordingly, it is an object of my invention to provide a form system of which'the permanent members are so'designed-and arranged that they 45 maybe usedin standard sizes, regardless ofthe dimensions of the form in which they are used, while those'parts which must-be fitted are made of materials which are inexpensive in themselves, and which may becut and/or shaped with little so labor andexpense.

' Another object of my invention is to provide form members which can be assembled and removed from the finished concrete with a minimum of labor and the parts of which are either so as cheap that their destruction after eachuse: is

relatively unimportant or are adapted to be reused indefinitely with little or no cost for reconditioning, e

With these and other objects in'view, I have developed a system of form work in which the 5 weight of the mass of concrete is carried on a framemade'up of standard sized members, so designedand arranged that they may be" assembled with very l'ittlelabor and in substantially anyjsize,

as required for each particular job. I have found 10 that by divorcing the frame of the mould from its covering, i. e., the facing or lining of the mould, that it ispossible to make the form entirely. flexible, that is, adaptable to substantially any size required of it, while the form covering may be 15 made of an inexpensive sheet material which may be readily cut and/or shaped, and which may be left inplace after the concrete. has set, or may be removed and destroyed, or if conditionsof labor justify, may be salvaged and reused;

I In the accompanying drawings, I have shown several embodiments ofmy invention which are illustrative of the ways in which my' invention may be applied to practicalconstruction problems.-

Fig. 1' is a cross-section through a concrete form 25 showing the relation ofthefvariou's frame membersto the mould facings, the} permanent frame and the concrete itself.-

Fig. Zis a cross-section-through the form frame taken on line 2--2, Fig. 1. a

Fig. 3' is a detailshowing one form of supporting member.

Fig. 4' is a top .plan view illustrating the arrangementof frame members.

Fig. 5 is asectionv taken on line'15-5 of Fig. 4'.

Fig. 6 is an-elevation of the bracket shown in Fig. 5 with its end partially broken away.

Fig. 7 is a cross-section similar to Fig. l, illustrating another embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 8' isa cross-section online 88 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9'.is a-fragment'ar'y top plan view of the embodiment shown in Figs. 7 and 8. Figs. 10 and- "11 are views similar to Figs. 5 and 6,- showing parts which may be used in place of those illustrated in- Figs. 5 and 6.

Figs. 12 and 13 show in section and elevation, respectively, a fastening means which may be used in place of that illustrated in Fig. 3. v

Fig. 14 illustrates another fastening device which may be used in place of thoseshown in Figs.- 3and 12'.

Fig. 15 illustrates another means for supporting the form frame from the permanent frame. I

Fig. 16 islacross-sect'ionsimilar to'Fig. 1, but showing anothertype of form frame particularly tit adapted for use at the ends of panels and around the juncture of beams of different dimensions.

Fig. 17 is a cross-section taken on line l'|l'| of Fig. 16.

Fig. 18 is a detail view of a crossbar used in the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 17.

Fig. 19 shows another method of supporting the form frame upon the permanent frame of a building.

In Figs. 1 to- 6, inclusive, I have illustrated an embodiment of my invention which includes certain features of special advantage for many purposes. In this embodiment, angle brackets 40 are hung from the permanent beams by the stirrups of saddle bars 42. These angle brackets, in the present instance, include a vertical member 43, one horizontal member 44, and asecond horizontal member at right angles to the first. The member 44 is braced to the member 43 by the strut 46, and the horizontal members 44 and 45 are preferably braced together, e. g., by gusset plates 41.

Outwardly extending flanges 48 and 49 on the members 43 and 44, respectively, are transversely slotted for the reception of the strip members 5|] of steel or other suitable material. The spacing of these slots will depend upon the type of material which is to be used for the mould facing or lining 5|, and should be such that, with the lining in place as shown, it will be capable of supporting the weight of concrete thereon between alternate strips 50, that is to say, with strips in only half of the slots. The slots in the members 43 are advantageously sloped slightly inward, enough to prevent the strips 50 from slipping out when jarred or because of vibration; this has also the advantage that the horizontal thrust of the concrete is opposed by the weight of the strips 50 between the members 43.

The strips 50 may for example be flat as shown or T, L, U or 0 section, preferably being held spaced and positioned with their strongest dimension toward the form. These strips may also be laid upon a flat surface of the principal frame members 44 without the use of slots, especially if the T, U or 0 forms are chosen.

In erecting the form, the brackets 40 are hung over the beams 4|, preferably in pairs. This may be accomplished by bolting two such brackets together by means of the saddle bar 42, or other equivalent connecting means, and lowering them together over the beam; or the saddle bar may first be put in place over the beam and the brackets lifted into place either singly or after being joined by means of the crossbar 52.

If the brackets have been hung before their ends are joined by the crossbar 52, the latter is now put into place and secured to the members 43 at a level adapted to serve as a principal support for the bottom of the beam, and so as to hold the members 43 spaced apart as required for the beam form.

In Fig. 1, I have shown, as an adjustable means of securing crossbar 52 to the members 43, blocks 53 having crossed openings adapted respectively to receive the crossbar 52 and the vertical members 43. As shown in Fig. 1, each of the latter are drilled at suitable intervals and the blocks 53 are correspondingly drilled, so that holes in the three members may be aligned for the reception of the pin 54. Obviously, instead of the holding blocks 53, other means for securing the cross member to the vertical members may be used. For example, they maybe simply bolted together; or a wedge or clamp may be used in holding the block, in

place of the pin and holes; or the opening for the crossbar may itself be made wedge-shaped, so that the weight of the concrete on the crossbar 52 and/or the horizontal thrust of the member 43 will serve to clamp the two against one another.

Other similar brackets 40 will be placed along the beam 4| at intervals depending upon the Width of the span and the weight of the floor which is to be poured. Similar brackets will also be hung from the corresponding beam 41 at the opposite side of the opening. If the opening is less than twice the length of the brackets 40, opposite brackets may be arranged in staggered formation from opposite sides, so that their ends will overlap and preferably will be positioned so that along their overlapped parts the slots for the strips 50 will be in approximate alignment. If the width of the opening is only slightly greater than twice the length of the brackets, they may be placed in any desired arrangement, whether staggered or aligned. If, however, the opening is substantially greater in width than twice the length of the brackets, it is desirable to bridge the gap between their ends by means of a supplementary member 55, which, in the present instance, is shown as a channel having a series of spaced holes in its end, so that it may be bolted at opposite ends to the ends of the brackets 40 to bridge any length between them within a substantial range. The ends of opposite brackets may be joined also, so as to reduce any tendency to sag. The tops of these bridging members 55 are made with slotted flanges like the flanges 49 on the brackets 40.

If the distance between the ends of the brackets 40 is greater than can be safely supported upon the brackets themselves, an additional supporting member 56 may be used under the middle of the supplementary members 55. This cross beam 55 may be supported from the permanent frame, for example, as shown in Figs. 7 and 9, or as in Figs. 15 and 16, with the difference, however, that it would be supported at a lower level than shown in these figures, in order to permit it to pass beneath the supplementary frame members 55.

At the ends of the opening, brackets 58, such as those shown in Figs. 5 and 6, or in Figs. 10 and 11, are hung from the end beam 51 of the permanent frame, e. g., in substantially the same manner that the brackets 40 are hung'from the beam 4|. The vertical members 43a of the brackets 58 may be substantially the same as the corresponding members 43 of the brackets 40. Sim ilarly, the horizontal members 4511 may be similar to the corresponding members 45 of the brackets 40. In this case, however, the short receptacles 59 or 59a replace the horizontally extending supporting arms 44, and in these receptacles a number of strips 60 similar to the strips 50 are held, overlapped to any extent required to fit them to the width of the opening. These strips 50 support the ends of the strips 50 between the brackets 58.

Figs. 10 and 11 illustrate brackets which may be used in place of the brackets shown in Figs. 5 and 6. In this case, instead of receptacles 59', upstanding flanges 59a are provided, and these flanges are closely slotted to permit a plurality of strips 60 to be positioned side by side.

Another method of supporting the ends of the strips 55, which is possessed of considerable ad,- vantage, is illustrated in Figs. 16 to 18. In this method, the strip I20 is bolted to a hanger 42 positioned over the end beams of a panel. This strip I20 has a horizontal shelf [2| and a vertical slotted flange I22, into the slots of which the strips 50 are'fitted. The back of the member I20 rises vertically to the corner I23, and is not slotted. Thus it serves to support the edges of the form covering 5| at the corner, and also serves to position the ends of the strips 50. With this type of end member, the strips may be inserted into their slots in the flange I22 and pushed in until they abut the back of the member I20. Thus no care is required to bring their ends exactly or approximately to a corner, as is the case with the embodiments shown in Figs. 4, 5, 10 and 11. If desired, these end members I20 may be made integral with, or may be bolted to vertical members similar to the members 43 or 430., shown in Figs. 1 to 11, inclusive, and the beam forms assembled in the same manner as already described.

Adjustment of the length of the strips I20 may be effected by securing two of such members together with e. g., a Z -section I24, which fits over and'is bolted to the ends of the strips I20.

In Figs. 16 to 18, I have also illustrated the case in which a larger beam joins a smaller beam.v In this case, vertical members 430 are advantageously secured to the ends of the end members I20, and in the same plane, so that their edges face the beam which is at right angles to these end members. As shown in Fig. 16, the bottoms of these vertical members 430 may be joined and the form around the beam 4| may be built up in the same manner as already described above. In this case, however, the ends of the form for the beam 51 are also supported upon a cross member be-' tween the members 430. Thus, as shown in Fig. 17, cross members 5211' are positioned beneath the beam 51 on the vertical members 430 at right angles to the cross members 52. These cross members 52a may be identical with the cross members 52, merely using adjusting blocks similar to the blocks 53 of Fig. 1, but adapted-to receive the member 52a at right angles to the vertical member 430. A simpler form is shown in Fig. 18, in which the cross member 52a is formed of a rod I21, bent near the middle so as to form slots for the strips 50, and a second rod I28 welded thereto for support. These rods are spaced so that their ends may be received in the holes of the vertical members 430 and may extend therebeyond as far as is necessary, depending upon the width of the form about the beam 57.

With any of the above, the principal frame members in place, as described, the strips 60 and 50 are positioned in the receptacles and slots provided for them, and are overlapped as shown in Fig. 4 to any extent required. Similar strips 50 are placed in the sides and bottoms of the beam forms as shown in Fig. 1; and the framework is ready for the reception of the form covering 5|.

The'material which I have found to be most advantageous for the mould covering is a heavy fiber board or corrugated paper board, the surface and edges of which are made entirely water proof, most advantageously a fiber board thoroughly impregnated throughout with a hard asphalt. A waterproofing material shouldbe chosen which will not substantially decrease the rigid ity or strength of the paper and advantageously may be one which, when set or dried, will serve to stiffen the paper. Thus, a heavy bituminous material, tar or resin is advantageous, or the paper may be stiffened in other ways sufficiently sothat a soft waterproofing material, e. g., a non-drying oil, may be used. When the paper board thus used is waterproofed onlyat the surface, it is important to thoroughly waterproof the low cost that its destruction after a single use makes it a relatively unimportant item of expense. It may, however, remain in place and. serve a permanent function, e. g., as waterproofing, sound or heat insulation, or as a plaster base. Where the paper is to be' removed, it is preferably such as has a smooth, hard surface, but where it is to remain in place, it may we'll'have a more open surface withwhich the concrete 'may forrn a better bond. Thus, a common typeof insulating board made of coarse bagasse' fiber, when thoroughly impregnated and strengthened with a waterproof binder such as hard asphalt, servesvery well in such cases.

The paper is readily cut to the sizes'required, and when necessary may be bent or folded on the' job, or even moulded to fancy shapes.

of the sheet, and in these cases, I prefer to use angle irons in all concave corners of the mould. Such angles are shown, for example, at 6| in thecorners of the beam form frame, and at 62 in the corners of the columns.

I have found'numerous materials other than paper board to possess advantage for use in lining' or facing moulds; Thus, a metal lath, particularly one of the expanded metal type, may :H.

be used, especially where the concrete to be poured is of a relatively stiff or coarse mix which will not tend to drain through the opening of the lath. Where a lath of the high rib type is used, the ribs may, to some extent, replace parts of the assembled framing, and in such cases fewer of the strips 50 need to beused, or the brackets 40 may, if necessary, be positioned closer together, and the strips 50 entirely omitted. The use of metal lath has the advantage that if it is left in place it will form an excellent plaster key, so that the work of lathing over the 'concrete will be entirely eliminated.

Similarly; in place of paper board, steel sheets maybe used. Over the relatively wide openings,

ridges as are formed in the concrete by the edges of these overlapping'form plates may not be objectionable, when the surface is'to be plastered. The use of metal for the beam forms,'however, is less advantageous, since inthese forms it is not ordinarily practicable to permit overlapping; and the differences of size may, therefore, require the sheet metal tobe scrapped after each use. Even cutting sheet metal to size and scrapping it after each use in this manner permits of substantial economy over the present methods of building wooden forms to order. The use'of paper, however, is possessed of such greater economy that it will not ordinarily be desirable to resort to the use of sheet metal.

In some cases, particularly where'the corrugated paper type of mould platesare to be joined edge -to edge, itis desirable to support the free edges of the mould plates, and this may readily be accomplished by the use of a metallic strip having a low vertical flange to extend between In some cases, however, it is better to avoid folding the mould plates, and wider horizontal flanges to extend under them and support their edges. Such a supporting member may have prongs extending horizontally from the vertical flange which enter into the paper sheets and hold them more closely positioned on these supporting irons. The edges of the mould coverings may also be held by strips I25 above them which become embedded in the concrete and which serve to .anchor wires I26 passing between the edges of the coverings and around some of the strips 50 to support them during removal of the forms as hereinafter described. I have shown only two of the wires I26, but it is understood that more will be used as required to hold the strips 50 when the forms are dismantled.

In Fig. 5, the saddles 42 are shown with horizontal ends threaded for the reception of nipple nuts 63. These horizontal ends are made of a length such that they will come approximately to the surface of the concrete, but will not extend substantially therebeyond. The nuts 63 extend through suitable holes in the horizontal members 45a and when screwed over the ends of the saddles, serve to hold the brackets in place. Another similar type of saddle is shown in Fig. 3, in which the ends extend down from the flange of the beam at an angle toward the corner of the horizontal member 45. Nipple nuts 63 in this case extend diagonally through the horizontal member 45 to engage the saddle bolt 42. This latter type of saddle is less desirable because of difiiculty of accurately aligning the nut with the bolt. Another type is shown in Fig. 10. I have found that the most satisfactory means for supporting the form frame is a saddle threaded for reception of a bolt, as shown in Fig. 1.

Instead of using saddles which are to remain in the concrete, as in Figs. 1 to 11, chairs 64 may be provided to hold the heads of the bolts 42a above or near the level of the finished floor. The bolts may be protected from the concrete by tubes 65 of waterproofed paper, sheet metal, or other water-resisting material, or by grease, paraffin, etc., applied directly to the bolt. After the concrete has set, the nuts may be removed from such bolts, and the bolts driven back through the floor to be reused.

In Fig. 19, I have shown another type of saddle which may be removed after the concrete has set. Inthis case, the saddle is a U-member 43d supported upon the yoke I29, which in turn rests upon the block 64a. This block may be made in tapered form, so that it may be removed from the concrete after the forms have been removed. The ends or stirrups of this U-shaped saddle may be protected from the concrete in any way, e. g., as described above in connection with the bolts 42a.

In Figs. 12 to 14, I have shown other ways of securing the supporting members to the form frame members. In Figs. 12 and 13, the saddle is made in the form of a strip or bar bent to the desired form. A slot 66 near the end of this bar is covered on the back by a waterproof pan 61. A fastener 68 is mounted in the horizontal member 45 of the bracket so that it may be inserted into the slot 66. By turning this fastener at right angles to the slot, it serves to hold the member 45 to the saddle member 42b. The pan 6'I prevents the concrete from setting arourfd the end of the fastener 68, and thereby permits the fastener to be turned back to its horizontal position for removal after the concrete is set.

In Fig. 14, the strap or bar 420 is made with vertical slots 66a, into which hooks-68a on the horizontal member 45 of the bracket are-inserted. The slot 66a in this case is made higher at one side than at the other, and the hook 68a is made with an overhanging portion adapted-to enter the wider part of the slot, but to be engaged in the narrower part of the slot when it is moved horizontally with the horizontaljmember 45.

Figs. 7, 8 and 9 illustrate a form frame which may be used in place of and is in many ways superior to, the frame shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 4. In this illustration, the brackets, which may be hung from the beam in any of the ways described above, are made with U-shaped receptacles 69, to which the vertical members 430, are secured. A horizontal member similar to the corresponding member of Figs. 1, 2 and 4 is secured over the beam by means of saddle bolts or other support. The U-shaped receptacle 69 is made with slots along its top for reception of the strips 5|]. In this receptacle may be positioned a frame member II which may be similarly provided with slots for the strips 50, and which is of a width to bring its upper surface substantially flush;

with the top of the U-shaped receptacle.

In use, the brackets are assembled about the beam in the same manner as the brackets of Figs. 1, 2 and 4, and the beam forms are held thereon in substantially the same way. However,

instead of the horizontal arms 44 of the brackets 40, the frame members II serve to carry the weight of the frame and the concrete between the brackets. These frame members II may be of metal, e. g., channel steel or I-section steel,

cut to suitable length or made adjustable, e. g., by drilling and bolting in suitable relation, as shown in Fig. 1 for the members 55 and 44. Or, instead of steel, wooden timbers may be used. These may be made similarly adjustable, e. g., by overlapping and bolting together or strapping together slidably, or they may be cut to length for the wider openings, and gradually cut down for the narrower openings, as they become damaged and worn in service. It will be noticed, however, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, that the U-shaped receptacle 69 is made of substantial length. By this means, a substantial variation in width of openings may be taken care of, using the same length of supporting member II. Frequently this will accommodate all variations of width occurring in a large building. The strips and the mould coverings 5| may be assembled on the supporting members II in substantially the same way as on the members 44 and 55. A tension member I45 may be used to brace this construction.

I have'also shown in Fig. 7 the use of bolts having extensions I46 for securing the horizontal members 45 to the saddles 42. The extensions I46 are screwed up against the flange of the beam M and serve to hold the vertical members 4311. accurately spaced on either side of the beam, and to prevent rocking of the saddle 42 on the beam. Similar bolts may advantageously be used near the bottom of the beam screwed'into a slide I on the vertical member 43.

Similar brackets to those just described may also be used in connection with any of they brackets 40 and 58, if the receptacles 69 are positioned at a lower level. In this case, they may be used to support the member 56 for very wide arches which cannot be satisfactorily supported upon th unaided brackets 40 or beams II.

After the concrete has set in any of the aboy forms, the formsthemselves may .be readily removed andiguickly transported to another location for re-use in the erection of additional concrete. In the removal'of these forms, the principal frame members .are first loosened. If the secondary frame members are held, e. g., by means of wires I26, the principal frame members may be removed entirely, leaving the secondary frame members held to the concrete by said wires.

Or, in some .cases, the entire formframe may be have provided anovel type of form construction usingframe membersofstandard size assembled 'm uen manner that a form lining or facing of -substantially any dimensions may .be supported thereon; The form liningsand'facings are made iofi naterial so light as to be readily cut and/or bent to size'andshape, and readily positioned on Qthe frame, and so inexpensive as to be left in place orscrapped.afterasingle'use.' Such form \facings and linings may also serve a function subsequent to the moulding operation, as in the ca'se where .a metal .lath is used 'to provide a plaster key, or .a waterproof fibre board is used :for waterproofing, soundproofing or heat insula tion.

' .The reduction of initial costis perhaps the featurelof greatest importance, but it is not by means the only important advantage gained by my invention.

1 Thefinish with which the job canbe left when (the forms are removed is in many cases no less important than reduced cost. Where a smooth Qsurfaced waterproof paper board is used and particularly where thejoints are waterproofed, thesurface of the-concrete may be left so smooth thatia plaster coat will be unnecessary. Even 'wheiie-fancy mouldings .are required, they be finadeibysecuring special fancymoulds, e. g;, of moulded .and waterproofed paper pulp, or plas- Fte'r, ontothe mould facing. panels, mouldings, and many other'types of surface ornamentation maybe .madeintegral on the concrete and withno need for a separate plastering or other finishing operation.

havefound, that it is particularly advanta'geous 'to 1 use .a waterproofed paper-board, by whichl mean, of course, to include fibre board, since it can be easily moulded in relatively inexpen'sii'l'edies, and after the'concrete has set, it can be readily removed, even where it has been formed -withundercut portions. The use of such'forms makes possible a much wider choice of architectural effects, since the designs used inplaques, inouldingscornices, etc., may be'of substantially iany'design, without the necessity for avoiding undercut-portions. I have found that the forms used'for this purpose are most advantageously made 'of *a paper board impregnated with asphalt, wax, or other thermoplastic waterproof binder, sincesi'ich board-may be easily moulded when hot, and yet will he possessed of substantial rig-iditywhen cold. 'Whereintricate designs are to be mouldedinto the concrete which arenot stand am, but which are designed specially for the lo cation, these may be moulded in clay or plaster, etc., 'and the paper may belmoulded over such model by heating and pressing it againstjthe model ,by fluid pressure, or by pressure exerted through some plastic or other fluent material, such as a fineigranular or powdered material, The fluid used as'thepressui'e medium may be hot .watenfor example,-.or it advantageously belaho't bath of the impregnating binder, such as asphalt,parafiln, etc. The pressure thusexe ertedforce's the paper against the mode1,s0 that it willconform to the model, even inrninute detail, and regardless of undercut parts. "If. any

I partsare undercut to a large extent,- it may be necessary to disintegrate the model in order to avoidinjuring the paper form when itis removed. Itis anadvantage, however, of the use of paper of this kind that after it is cooled it is possessed of considerable elasticity, and it may therefore be removed from models having only slight undercuts without injuring the paper mould. I Another feature of great importance'is the lessenedconfusion attendant upon erection and r dismantling of forms There is no rough car- ,penteringnecessary. andhence no space need be set aside for sawing, fitting and storing of lumber; and other operations may be carried on which heretofore have had to give way to the roughv carpenter. In the present instance all parts except the linings are brought to the job ready to put in place and they can be erected as soon as they are available. All parts, whenthe formsare dismantled, can be in lengths short enough so that they, may .be loaded on trucks and carried by the mechanical hoistto thefloor where they .are to .be'next used, with saving of the manual ,labor now explained in passing planks and timbers oneby one from floor to fioor.

When the forms areremoved, the framemem- .bers are .at once ready to carry to the next floor with no :delay for breaking apart the forms, nor for separating the good-lumber from the broken pieces or other salvaging-operations. Instead, the

"forms are'unbolted and taken down, their members piled onthe trucks or other conveying means, and when the frames 'are all taken away, the

linings may,if des'ired,be remov'edand carried away for baling, or for any other use to which theyare to be put. All may be complete in a fraction of the time required to take off and dis.- pose-of the old wooden forms. ,The floor may .-then :be turned over to the next trade to .do. its work, without interference.

. .Althoughl have described my inventionabove ,and illustrated-it in the drawings ,as applied to. buildings :in which .concrete is cast onto a perinanent steel frame, it will be apparent ,that

eac'h modification and particular embodiment 'o'f :my invention are independent of the particular, 'em'bodim'ent or modification in which they are shown and the various corresponding features -tures shown'and/or described in connection with shown in the various figures of the drawings may, to a large extent, be used interchangeably.

' Ordinarily each type of unit which must be moulded in erection of a building has a fairly uniform width throughout, but may vary widely in' length. Thus, the vertical members 43 and cross bars 52 of the beam mould frames, the cross members, 44 and 55 or H, are required to accommodate relatively little variation as compared with the average dimensions for which they are used. In length, however, the variation is wide and this is accommodated by the parallel overlapping members, which may be used in any number of lengths and overlapped to any extent required. Thus, in the most advantageous embodiment of my invention, this relative uniformity of one dimension is taken advantage of. The principal frame members are placed on the dimension of greatest uniformity and are repeated as required along the other dimension, while the secondary frame members are laid across the primary members in as many lengths and with as much overlap as the dimension of each form requires.

I have referred to the supports from the beams as saddles, and totheir parts which extend down to engage the form frames as stirrups. It will be understood, of course, that each saddle may have one or more stirrups.

The word overlapping I have used broadly to include any arrangement in which at least one part extends substantially beside or beyond another adjacent part which it is said to overlap.

' Iclaim:

1. In a form for moulding concrete into buildings, having a pre-formed permanent frame, a support comprising a saddle member adapted. to engage the top of a member of said permanent frame and having stirrups extending diagonally downward and outward from the top of said frame member, a cantilever having a horizontal member extending beneath the form to afford it support, and a vertical member rigidly connected to said horizontal member, connected to one of said stirrups and extending down beside the permanent frame member, and a spacer against which said vertical member bears below its point of connection to the stirrup, said spacer forming a fulcrum for said cantilever, so that the force on said stirrup is made diagonal with a horizontal component outward from the permanent frame member, as well as a downward component.

2. A form for moulding vertical surfaces of concrete, comprising principal form frame members, fiat frame strips supported thereon transversely to said principal members, means adapted to hold said strips thereon edgewise toward the pressure of the concrete, and a covering freely supported thereon to hold the concrete, in which the frame strips are held tilted edgewise slightly away from the horizontal, whereby sagging of the strips under gravity will cause an inward bellying of the mould and the pressure of the concrete will consequently be opposed'by the weight of the strips.

3. A form for moulding horizontal concrete panels between the beams of a permanent build ing frame, comprising principal form frame members including cantilevers with a projecting horizontal member adapted to support the form and concrete of said horizontal panel, and a vertical member rigidly connected thereto adapted to support a beam form and the concrete of the beam, and meansfor supporting said cantilevers from the permanent frame of the building at points near the junctures of said projecting and vertical members, whereby the weight of the panel is, at least in part, balanced by the weight ofthebeamf 4. In combination with a form for moulding concrete panels between the beams of a permanent building frame, principal form support members extending beneath the forms from one edge of the panel toward another edge, and saddles for hanging said principal supports from the permanent beams comprising bearing portions adapted substantially to lit the tops of said beams and thereby automatically to assume thereon predetermined positions, and stirrups having thereon means to secure the principal supports thereto and extending from said'bearing portions to the mould face'a direction and distance adapted to secure a desired relation"between the principal supports and the beams when said supports are secured to said stirrups, and whereby the mould can be secured tight-against the stirrup and the stirrup willremain in,-but

,will not extend beyond the surface of the concrete after the mould is removed. f

5. In a form for moulding a concrete panel upon the beams of a permanent building frame, principal cantilever form frame members extending from opposite sides beneath and each at least half way across the panel, each of which comprises a projecting bearing member adapted to support the form and concrete of the panel, and a verticalmember rigidly connected thereto adapted to support the projecting bearing member against its load, said cantilever members being supported vertically near the juncture of the bearing and vertical members and at a substantial distance therebelow supported against the turning moment of its load about said point of vertical support.

6.In a form for moulding concrete, a cantilever member hung from the permanent frame of the building and having a projecting bearing cradle adapted to hold a formbeam'and to allow relatively large longitudinal adjustment between the bearing member and said beam and a vertical member rigidly secured to said bearing member; a spacer member adapted to hold said vertical member against swinging about its support, a form beam supported in the bearing cradles of said cantilevers at opposite sides of a panel and having spaced slots along its upper edge, flat strips positioned edgewise in said slots in staggered freely overlapping relation, and a covering of stiff, flexible sheet material laid over said strips.

7. In a form for moulding concrete, a'combination as defined in claim 6, in which the spacer member connects the vertical member on one side of a beam of the permanent building frame to a similar vertical member on theother sideof said beam, andsaid spacer and said vertical members form principal parts of a beam form .frame.

regular intervals for reception of cross slats, a

bearing cradle adapted to engage the end of said form beam inwardlyfrom the, edge of said panel a suflicient distance to allow substantial variation in the length of beam whichmay-be used to span the panel area and having-upperedges substantially flush with the top of said beam and slotted the same as the beam so as, in efiect, to form a continuation of said beam with the slots of both registering in their overlapping portions, slats fitted across said beam and cradle in said slots whereby to form therewith a gridlike frame and to lock the beam and cradle against relative movement, and means for supporting said cradle substantially rigidly in position to hold concrete while it is setting in the panel.

9. A support to be set on a preformed member in a concrete structure, which comprises a hang er adapted to be supported on said member and having a depending stirrup and a bolt threaded through said stirrup and having a shank the shape of which is such as to allow its removal after concrete has been cast around it and set, and which extends against said member to secure said hanger in position on said member while the concrete is being cast.

10. In a form for molding concrete into bulldings, a combination comprising principal supports and secondary members supported thereon and a covering of sheet material supported on said secondary members, all held together by gravity, and each separately removable, a temporary support member with a portion thereof extending beneath said secondary supports and adapted to hold them after the principal supports have been removed and another portion over the form covering positioned and adapted to be anchored in the concrete.

11. A combination as defined in claim 10, in

which the temporary support is a flexible, easily I cut, tie member, and is provided with enough slack to permit removal of the secondary members one at a time without cutting said tie mem-

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