US2990493A - Thin-film window device - Google Patents

Thin-film window device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2990493A
US2990493A US704532A US70453257A US2990493A US 2990493 A US2990493 A US 2990493A US 704532 A US704532 A US 704532A US 70453257 A US70453257 A US 70453257A US 2990493 A US2990493 A US 2990493A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
thin
film
window
window device
electrons
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US704532A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jerrold M Seehof
Melvin S Armstrong
Stuart B Smithberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NCR Voyix Corp
National Cash Register Co
Original Assignee
NCR Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE573614D priority Critical patent/BE573614A/xx
Priority to NL234550D priority patent/NL234550A/xx
Priority to NL106303D priority patent/NL106303C/xx
Application filed by NCR Corp filed Critical NCR Corp
Priority to US704532A priority patent/US2990493A/en
Priority to GB32912/58A priority patent/GB833194A/en
Priority to DEN16016A priority patent/DE1098107B/de
Priority to FR782296A priority patent/FR1220862A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2990493A publication Critical patent/US2990493A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J33/00—Discharge tubes with provision for emergence of electrons or ions from the vessel; Lenard tubes
    • H01J33/02—Details
    • H01J33/04—Windows
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J5/02—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith; Vacuum locks
    • H01J5/18—Windows permeable to X-rays, gamma-rays, or particles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to thin-window devices for scientific and other apparatus, and more particularly to thinwindow devices which are permeable to streams or beams of low-energy electrons and which may be of relatively large diametral dimension and which can successfully withstand a pressure differential of the order of one atdesirable has been a window of relatively large length and width, that is, of relatively large diametral dimension, with the aforestated strength and electron permeability'.
  • a window device would make practicable'an ultra-high speed printer by eliminating the impracticable operation of the paperhandling structures in an evacuated chamber.
  • FIG. 1 is a partly schematic diagram of a cathode ray tube incorporating a window device according to, the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view showing-ya "window device according to the invention as employed in a printing apparatus;
  • FIG. 3 is anexploded view of principal of an exemplary assembly adapted to forman insert type of window device according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a magnified representation of a small rectangular section of an. exemplary matrix and thin-film ac- .cording to the invention, with a portion of the thin film
  • a preferred but ex- ..emplary form of dimensionally large thin-film window device capable of withstanding a pressure diflerential of the order of at least one atmosphere and permeable to low-energy electrons.
  • dimensionally large it is meant that the eflective window opening may be at least two centimeters in length and width, or at least two centi meters in diameter.
  • a pressure differential ofthe order of one atmosphere is meant a difierence in fluid pressure on opposite faces of the thin-film of the window device of from one-half to' one and one-half atmosphere; I approximately 1033 grams per square centimeter.
  • a window device according-to the invention is shown as applied to the target end of an exemplary type of cathode ray tube 20.
  • the evacuable vessel or envelope 21 of the tube may enclose a source of electrons such as an electrically heated filament 22,
  • Envelope 21 includes an end wall 21a which may be of conductive metal or of conductively coated glass as in conventional cathode ray tubes.
  • the end wall is'provided with a suitable aperturein which a win- 'ductive material such as metal, to which is secured an -ext-remely thin-film of an electron-permeable material.
  • the matrix of film-supporting element may be of any of a variety of forms, but preferably is of very finemetal -m'esh, electroformed or woven.
  • An exemplary suitable -mesh is 80 count nickel-copper Lektromesh marketed iby t C., 0.. Jellif Corporation, Southport, Connecticut.
  • the electron-permeable thin-film which is supported by thewmatrix andwhich'may, for example, beof the order of eighty micro-inches thick, is substantially impermeable to atmospheric gases, and with its supporting matrix is capable of withstanding a pressuredifferential of the order of one atmosphere.
  • the preferred mode of producing a window device as exemplified. in FIG. 1 comprises :the' following steps:
  • Themounting is analogous to mounting a piece of cloth in an embroidery hoop, and the result is that the mesh is '-;firmly.snpported about its periphery and is taut.
  • the mounted mesh is thoroughly and carefully cleaned, as by using trichloroethylene followed by detergent'z'andihot water. and distilled water baths, in an ultrai-sonic-cleanerdevice; and the assembled components dried.
  • Thewindow device is. most conveniently applied to :1 thertubeend wall 21a bypartial insertion in the aperture ;..fonmed..in the wall, a hardening. sealant beingemployed was-indicated at32 (FIG-2) andthe fiangeof the'mount slicing pressed against the. exterior face of the end wall tsosthata firmand. gas.-tight.support is secured. There- ,afterl'the: vesselimaylbeevacuated, as byway of the tube 129n(:EIG.. 1).. As indicated imFIG. 4, .in which a small :section.
  • an electron-attracting device may be employedto enhancepassage of electrons through the openings in the matrix; The end portionof the tube,
  • the matrix mayperform the triple role of supporting the thin ceramic film, draining away intercepted electrons, and acting as a heat conductor; while the thin-film not only permits passage of electrons, but excludes gas under a pressure difierential while operating at a fairly high temperature.
  • the window device is adapted such-as 24-, 25 of the tube 20 (FIG. 1), directly onto a surface placed in close proximity to the window device.
  • the beam may be directed to pass through the Window device and onto a moving sensitized film or recordmedium 35. Also, passage of electrons through the window and onto the target may be enhancedby applying an attracting potential to the target ifit be conductive, or by providing a positively charged plateinback of the target if the latter is not conductive.
  • a conductive plate 34' may be placed in close proximity to the target opposite the window, and connected to a source of potential as indicated, whereby electrons are attracted through the window and drawn to the film or target.
  • the film is, for clarity of illustration, shown somewhat displaced from the thin-window device surface; however, in practice the film or other target may be disposed substantially in contact-with the window device. Under some circumstances; it may be desirable to delimit the areal cross-section of the beam passed through the window, and this may be done,-in-in stances, by so focusing the beam that substantially all of it passes through a single opening of the matrix, usingknown beam-focusing means and techniques.
  • the beam may rapidly be deflected to-and-fro across the window, and intermittently suppressed, while the target or film is traversed past-the window in a direction transverse to that of the beam deflection; and in such instances the beam may be. of a selected density and cross-section to suit the circumstances.
  • the beam may be. of a selected density and cross-section to suit the circumstances.
  • the beauty-sensitive record medium 35 in the nature of a strip'film; is drawn from a supply 355' over a guide36 and past the window device by a driven draw roll 37, from which it passes to suitable means such as a receiverroll 38.
  • the record medium is exposed by the electrons passed through the window device; and it is understood that it may be developed if necessary, by conventional procedure and means (not shown) on its way to roll 38.
  • any suitable evacnable vessel may be fitted with a windowdevice of the character described, and any suitable sourceof electrons may be utilized.
  • a window device 40 similar to that previously described and explained, is shown installed in a thickwalled vessel 41 which is evacuable as by way of a tube 42.
  • a source of radiation in the form of a radioactive mass 43 which is depicted as being adhesively secured to the inner wall or surface of the vessel.
  • the vessel may be of suitable radiation-absorbing material, such as lead, and of a thickness to prevent undesired radiation to exit from the vessel through other than the window device.
  • the mount and ring of device 40 may be made of a like material to thus substantially restrict exiting radiation to the area of the thin-film and matrix.
  • the invention comprehends and provides a gas-tight window device comprising essentially a supporting matrix having opposed faces of large dimensions relative to its thickness, and a thin electron-permeable ceramic film supported by the matrix and adapted to withstand at least one atmosphere of pressure differential. While the matrix is shown as one having large transverse dimensions, that is, of large diametral dimensions, it is clear that the window device may equally well be in the form of a long narrow structure. Also, in view of the preceding explanation and description of a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, other changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art; and accordingly it is not desired to be limited to the specific details of the described structure.
  • a substantially gas-tight window device adapted for use as an electron-permeable element of an evacuable vessel, comprising, in combination: a support presenting a transverse opening therethrough from face to face there of; and thin non-vitreous ceramic means permeable to low-energy electrons and substantially impermeable to gas under a pressure difierential of the order of one atmosphere, closing said opening.
  • a gas-tight window device adapted for use as an element of an evacuable vessel, comprising, in combination: a foraminous support of large face dimensions relative to its thickness and presenting a plurality of generally transverse openings therethrough from face to face thereof; and thin non-vitreous ceramic film means permeable to low-energy electrons and substantially impermeable to gas under a pressure differential of the order of one atmosphere, closing said openings in said support.
  • Apparatus for providing a beam of electrons outside an evacuable vessel comprising: an evacuable vessel having a wall with an aperture therein; a source of lowenergy electrons in said vessel; a window device forming a substantially gas-tight closure for said aperture and consisting essentially of a thin gas-tight electron-permeable non-vitreous ceramic film and a support matrix hav ing a plurality of openings therethrough from face to face and all of the openings of which are closed to passage of gas therethrough by the thin ceramic film; and electrode means outside said vessel and positioned closely adjacent said window device, for attracting electrons through the openings of said matrix.
  • said matrix comprising electrically conductive material.
  • said film comprising essentially a substance capable of withstanding an operating pressure difierential of the order of one atmosphere applied across the faces of the window device.
  • Apparatus according to claim 5 the substance of said film being of baked ceramic material capable of operating at a temperature of the order of 500 C.
  • An evacuable vessel having a wall and comprising: a gas-tight window device sealed in an aperture in the wall of said vessel and comprising as essential parts a support and thin-film means, said support presenting opposite faces of large dimensions relative to its thickness and having a plurality of openings therethrough from face to face, and said thin-film consisting essentially of a thin non-vitreous ceramic film permeable to lowenergy electrons and impermeable to gas under a pressure diiferential of the order of one atmosphere and closing said openings, whereby low-energy electrons may pass through the aperture in the wall of said vessel and gases prohibited entry thereinto, while the vessel is evacuated.
  • a device comprising metallic material adapted to readily conduct heat and electric charges produced by intercepted electrons.
  • a device according to claim 9 said ceramic material being capable of operating to pass electrons and exclude gas while at a temperature of the order of 500 C.
  • a device according to claim 9 said device including a rigid metallic mount in which said support is fixed.
  • An apparatus for supplying a stream of electrons including low-energy electrons to a readily accessible target outside an evacuable vessel comprising, in combination: an evacuable vessel comprising a wall having an aperture of large transverse dimensions therein; means for supplying a stream of electrons including low-energy electrons for passage through said aperture from the interior to the exterior of said vessel while the latter is evacuated; a gas-tight window device sealing said aperture against entry of gas but permitting exit of electrons including low-energy electrons through the device, said device comprising a foraminous support of large transverse face dimensions sealed in said aperture and presenting a multiplicity of unobstructed openings extending directly therethrough from face to face, and said device also comprising non-vitreous ceramic thin-film means permeable to low-energy electrons and effectively closing said openings against passage of gas under a pressure differential of the order of one atmosphere; electrode means outside said vessel and closely adjacent said window device for attracting electrons through the openings of said support; and said apparatus also including means by way of which said vessel
  • Apparatus according to claim 12 said support being in the form of a heat-conductive matrix of electrically conductive metal.

Landscapes

  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
US704532A 1957-12-23 1957-12-23 Thin-film window device Expired - Lifetime US2990493A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE573614D BE573614A (xx) 1957-12-23
NL234550D NL234550A (xx) 1957-12-23
NL106303D NL106303C (xx) 1957-12-23
US704532A US2990493A (en) 1957-12-23 1957-12-23 Thin-film window device
GB32912/58A GB833194A (en) 1957-12-23 1958-10-15 Electron-permeable window
DEN16016A DE1098107B (de) 1957-12-23 1958-12-20 Elektronendurchlaessige Fenster
FR782296A FR1220862A (fr) 1957-12-23 1958-12-22 Fenêtre perméable aux électrons

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US704532A US2990493A (en) 1957-12-23 1957-12-23 Thin-film window device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2990493A true US2990493A (en) 1961-06-27

Family

ID=24829905

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US704532A Expired - Lifetime US2990493A (en) 1957-12-23 1957-12-23 Thin-film window device

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2990493A (xx)
BE (1) BE573614A (xx)
DE (1) DE1098107B (xx)
FR (1) FR1220862A (xx)
GB (1) GB833194A (xx)
NL (2) NL106303C (xx)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3139525A (en) * 1960-06-28 1964-06-30 High Voltage Engineering Corp Shadow apparatus for measuring electron beam divergence
EP0192478A2 (en) * 1985-02-21 1986-08-27 Harry Arthur Hele Spence-Bate Lamina recording apparatus
WO1994024691A1 (en) * 1993-04-12 1994-10-27 Charged Injection Corporation Electron beam window devices and methods of making same
US5391958A (en) * 1993-04-12 1995-02-21 Charged Injection Corporation Electron beam window devices and methods of making same
US5557163A (en) * 1994-07-22 1996-09-17 American International Technologies, Inc. Multiple window electron gun providing redundant scan paths for an electron beam
WO1999017286A1 (en) * 1997-09-30 1999-04-08 Bohn Jerry W Non-mechanical recording and retrieval apparatus
EP1126503A1 (de) * 2000-02-19 2001-08-22 Leica Microsystems Wetzlar GmbH Mikroskop mit einem Elektronenstrahl zur Beleuchtung
US20050116181A1 (en) * 2003-10-29 2005-06-02 Jerry Bohn Non-mechanical recording and retrieval apparatus
US20050184735A1 (en) * 2004-02-19 2005-08-25 Helix Technology Corporation Ionization gauge
US20060197537A1 (en) * 2004-02-19 2006-09-07 Arnold Paul C Ionization gauge
US20090015264A1 (en) * 2007-07-11 2009-01-15 Knott Richard A Ionization gauge with a cold electron source

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2606169C2 (de) * 1976-02-17 1983-09-01 Polymer-Physik GmbH & Co KG, 2844 Lemförde Elektronenaustrittsfenster für eine Elektronenstrahlquelle

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1679894A (en) * 1925-09-22 1928-08-07 Bucky Gustav X-ray tube
DE560370C (de) * 1932-10-01 C H F Mueller Akt Ges Strahlenaustrittseinrichtung fuer Entladungsgefaesse
US2015570A (en) * 1930-11-19 1935-09-24 Gen Electric Cathode ray photographic apparatus
US2273793A (en) * 1940-04-10 1942-02-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Cathode ray tube
US2291476A (en) * 1941-10-08 1942-07-28 Clarence F Kernkamp Communication system
GB592015A (en) * 1944-01-15 1947-09-04 Henry Alfred De Phillips Electron discharge vessels
GB618811A (en) * 1946-11-08 1949-02-28 Arno Brasch Electron discharge vessel
US2617953A (en) * 1949-06-28 1952-11-11 Electronized Chem Corp Window structure for cathode-ray tubes
US2657377A (en) * 1951-05-25 1953-10-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Reproduction of signals from magnetic records
US2657378A (en) * 1951-05-25 1953-10-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pulse translation apparatus
US2820168A (en) * 1955-05-31 1958-01-14 High Voltage Engineering Corp Electron window
US2887599A (en) * 1957-06-17 1959-05-19 High Voltage Engineering Corp Electron acceleration tube

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE333700A (xx) * 1925-04-28
NL28901C (xx) * 1927-12-24
DE589810C (de) * 1928-12-12 1933-12-19 Carl Stoerk Dipl Ing Kathodenstrahloszillograph

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE560370C (de) * 1932-10-01 C H F Mueller Akt Ges Strahlenaustrittseinrichtung fuer Entladungsgefaesse
US1679894A (en) * 1925-09-22 1928-08-07 Bucky Gustav X-ray tube
US2015570A (en) * 1930-11-19 1935-09-24 Gen Electric Cathode ray photographic apparatus
US2273793A (en) * 1940-04-10 1942-02-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Cathode ray tube
US2291476A (en) * 1941-10-08 1942-07-28 Clarence F Kernkamp Communication system
GB592015A (en) * 1944-01-15 1947-09-04 Henry Alfred De Phillips Electron discharge vessels
GB618811A (en) * 1946-11-08 1949-02-28 Arno Brasch Electron discharge vessel
US2617953A (en) * 1949-06-28 1952-11-11 Electronized Chem Corp Window structure for cathode-ray tubes
US2657377A (en) * 1951-05-25 1953-10-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Reproduction of signals from magnetic records
US2657378A (en) * 1951-05-25 1953-10-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pulse translation apparatus
US2820168A (en) * 1955-05-31 1958-01-14 High Voltage Engineering Corp Electron window
US2887599A (en) * 1957-06-17 1959-05-19 High Voltage Engineering Corp Electron acceleration tube

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3139525A (en) * 1960-06-28 1964-06-30 High Voltage Engineering Corp Shadow apparatus for measuring electron beam divergence
EP0192478A2 (en) * 1985-02-21 1986-08-27 Harry Arthur Hele Spence-Bate Lamina recording apparatus
EP0192478A3 (en) * 1985-02-21 1988-12-14 Harry Arthur Hele Spence-Bate Lamina recording apparatus
WO1994024691A1 (en) * 1993-04-12 1994-10-27 Charged Injection Corporation Electron beam window devices and methods of making same
US5391958A (en) * 1993-04-12 1995-02-21 Charged Injection Corporation Electron beam window devices and methods of making same
US5478266A (en) * 1993-04-12 1995-12-26 Charged Injection Corporation Beam window devices and methods of making same
US5557163A (en) * 1994-07-22 1996-09-17 American International Technologies, Inc. Multiple window electron gun providing redundant scan paths for an electron beam
US6288995B1 (en) 1997-09-30 2001-09-11 Jerry W. Bohn Non-mechanical recording and retrieval apparatus
WO1999017286A1 (en) * 1997-09-30 1999-04-08 Bohn Jerry W Non-mechanical recording and retrieval apparatus
EP1126503A1 (de) * 2000-02-19 2001-08-22 Leica Microsystems Wetzlar GmbH Mikroskop mit einem Elektronenstrahl zur Beleuchtung
US20050116181A1 (en) * 2003-10-29 2005-06-02 Jerry Bohn Non-mechanical recording and retrieval apparatus
US20050184735A1 (en) * 2004-02-19 2005-08-25 Helix Technology Corporation Ionization gauge
US7030619B2 (en) 2004-02-19 2006-04-18 Brooks Automation, Inc. Ionization gauge
US20060197537A1 (en) * 2004-02-19 2006-09-07 Arnold Paul C Ionization gauge
US7295015B2 (en) 2004-02-19 2007-11-13 Brooks Automation, Inc. Ionization gauge
US20090015264A1 (en) * 2007-07-11 2009-01-15 Knott Richard A Ionization gauge with a cold electron source
US7768267B2 (en) 2007-07-11 2010-08-03 Brooks Automation, Inc. Ionization gauge with a cold electron source

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL234550A (xx)
DE1098107B (de) 1961-01-26
NL106303C (xx)
BE573614A (xx)
FR1220862A (fr) 1960-05-30
GB833194A (en) 1960-04-21

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