US2974559A - Composite ropes, cords and the like - Google Patents

Composite ropes, cords and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US2974559A
US2974559A US750885A US75088558A US2974559A US 2974559 A US2974559 A US 2974559A US 750885 A US750885 A US 750885A US 75088558 A US75088558 A US 75088558A US 2974559 A US2974559 A US 2974559A
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United States
Prior art keywords
polypropylene
core
jute
yarn
sheath
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Expired - Lifetime
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US750885A
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English (en)
Inventor
Coggi Ettore
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Montedison SpA
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Montedison SpA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
    • D07B1/04—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics with a core of fibres or filaments arranged parallel to the centre line

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a new article of manufacture for use as a rope, cord or the like, and which "comprises natural and synthetic fibers. More particularly, the invention 'relates to a rope consisting essentially 'of a core made from jute fibers and a sheath yarn of 'a" high molecular weight, substantially isotactic polypropylene.
  • Ropes made of jute fibers have good mechanicalproperties.
  • the use of jute for rope-making is re- Patented Mar. 14, 1961 able orifices and twisting the resulting filaments together to form a yarn.
  • the yarn can be subjected to a thermal stabilizing treatment but is preferably plaited onto the jute core without stricted by the inability of the jute fibers to resist chemical agentssuch as the salts contained in sea water, and
  • a primary object of :this invention is to provide new ropes which are inherently resistant to chemicals, including the salts present in sea water.
  • the substantially isotactic polypropylene which we use for making the yarn which constitutes the sheath of our ropes is a polypropylene substantially made up of isotactic macromolecules, i.e., macromolecules having substantially isotactic structure and as diselosedrecently by G. Natta and his co-workers (eg, in two papers entitled, respectively, A New Class of Alpha- Olefin Polymers Having Exceptional Uniformity of Structure and The Crystalline Structure of a New Type of Polypropylene which were presented at an open meeting of Accademia Nazionale Dei Lincei on December 1d, 1954, and published in the Proceedings of the Accademia on January 29, 1955).
  • isotactic polypropylene is a polymer which consists of isotactic macromolecules, i.e., linear, regular head-to-tail macromolecules having substantially no branches longer than the CH group, having substantially the Natta isotactic structure, and which are non-extractable with boiling n-heptane.
  • the isotactic structure of the polypropylene macromolecule is characterized intha-t substantially allof the tertiary asymmetric carbon atoms of adjacent mono merit: units have the same stearic configuration and, arbitrarily assuming the macromolecule tobe fully extended in a plane, substantially all of the R(CH (in the case of polypropylene) substituents on the tertiary carbon atoms are on one side (eg. above) and the H atoms are on the a prior heat-treatment so that maximum shrinkage thereof occurs when the composite structure is heated after the plaiting step.
  • the temperature at which the composite structure is heated to effect shrinkage of the sheath depends on whether or not the substantially isotactic, polypropylene yarn has been heated prior to being plaited on the' core.
  • the sheath is formed by a yarn of the substantially isotactic and. highly crystalline polypropylene,
  • the compressive action exerted by the yarn of substantially isotactic polypropylene is such that the twisting which is generally used in making jute ropes can be reduced or even eliminated, and the core can consist of a bundle of parallel, untwisted jute filaments with a consequent considerable saving in the time required to make the rope and in the production costs.
  • the tensile strength of our ropes is increased by the polypropylene sheath .to an extent such that the tensile strength of the rope isabout 50% greater than the sum of the tensile strengths of the jute core and the polypropylene sheath.
  • the characteristics of the rope can be further improved by treating the rope with solvents which have a swelling efit'ect on the polypropylene sheath, before the rope is heated to shrink the sheath.
  • Solutions of trom 5% to 20% of the atactic polypropylene or stereoblockpolypropylene that is a polypropylene containing in the macromolecule both isotactic chain'portions and linear regularhead-to-tail ataotic, amorphous, non-crystallizable chain portions
  • the cords and ropes of this invention have many advantages as substitutes for jute ropes.
  • the present products can be used as driving elements on wire guide pulleys for various machines, where a high friction coefficient on steel is necessary to avoid slipping.
  • the coeflicient is calculated from the formula where P and P indicate, respectively, the tension on the yarn, before and after a steel cylinder on which the yarn to be examined is wound up with turns forming angles of radiants. These tensions are measured by means of a weight bridge system.
  • the coefiicient determined as described is 0.30 whereas it is only 0.25 between jute and steel. Such coefficient is therefore 20% higher for the polypropylene, which results in a remarkable improvement in the driving efliciency when the present composite jute cord and polypropylene sheath ropes are used.
  • Example A core is made from 3 jute yarns of 450 meter/kg, the yarns being assembled in parallel, without twisting together.
  • the composite rope thus ob tained is then immersed in a suspension of carbon black in boiling trichloroethylene and, after removal from the suspension, is placed in an oven at about 160 C. and kept in the oven for 4 minutes.
  • Tensile strength tests carried out on the jute yarns and on the final composite ropes using a Schoppers dynamorneter (capacity 200 kg., tension rate 10 m./min., distance between the grips 5 OIIL, conditioning at 65% relatively humidity and 20 C.) give the following results Kg. Ultimate tensile strength of the 3 core jute yarns 90 Ultimate tensile strength of the polypropylene sheath Ultimate tensile strength of the rope consisting of the jute core and polypropylene sheath prior to the solvent and heat treatment 103 Ultimate tensile strength of the rope after the solvent and heat treatments About 150 As will be apparent, the composite ropes of the invention have a very high tensile strength. These ropes are also resistant to molds and bacteria as well as to alkalis and acids, even at high temperatures. They can be used for all purposes, including use as marine ropes, for which a strong, durable rope exposed in use to chemical attack is required.
  • the isotactic polypropylene macromolecules are produced when propylene is polymerized in the presence of certain catalysts prepared from heavy metal-halides such as titanium halides and organometallic compounds like triethyl aluminum. If the catalyst is obtained by reduction of a high valency halide of the heavy metal, e.g., TiCl, with the organometallic compound, the crude polymerizate comprises the isotactic (crystallizable) macromolecules in mixture with a substantial amount of linear, regular head-to-tail atactic (amorphous, non-crystallizable) macromolecules.
  • the catalyst is obtained by reduction of a high valency halide of the heavy metal, e.g., TiCl
  • the crude polymerizate comprises the isotactic (crystallizable) macromolecules in mixture with a substantial amount of linear, regular head-to-tail atactic (amorphous, non-crystallizable) macromolecules.
  • the isotactic polypropylene made of isotactic macromolecules remains as residue when the crude polymerizate is extracted with boiling n-heptane.
  • the catalyst is prepared by starting with a solid, crystalline low valency halide of the heavy metal, e.g. violet crystalline TiCl and mixing the crystalline halide with triethyl aluminum, the polymerization of the propylene is oriented to the production of isotactic macromolecules and the crude polymerizate consists prevailingly of substantially isotactic macromolecules.
  • substantially isotactic polypropylene as used herein is meant a polypropylene being rather completely made up of the macromolecules having substantially isotactic structure as defined.
  • a composite fibrous structure consisting essentially of a core made of jute fibers and a yarn of a substantially isotactic polypropylene having a crystallinity of at least 70%, plaited on the core and forming an adhering, continuous sheath on the core.
  • a composite rope consisting essentially of a core made of jute fibers and a yarn of a substantially isotactic polypropylene having a crystallinity of at least 70% plaited on the core, the interstices between the turns of the plaited yarn being sealed as a result of a heat-softening of said plaited yarn, and said yarn forming a firmly adhering, continuous sheath on the core.
  • a composite rope consisting essentially of a core made of jute fibers irn pregnated with a linear, regular head-to-tail atactic polypropylene, and a yarn of a substantially isotactic polypropylene having a crystallinity of at least 70% plaited on the core and forming an adhering, continuous sheath on the core.
  • a composite rope consisting essentially of a core made of jute fibers impregnated with a stereoblock polymer of propylene, and a yarn of a substantially isotactic polypropylene plaited on the core and forming an altering, continuous sheath on the core.
  • a composite rope consisting essential of a core made of jute yarns and a yarn of a substantially isotactic polypropylene having a crystallinity of at least 70% plaited on the core, said yarn being coated with a linear, regular head-to-tail atactic polypropylene.
  • a composite rope consisting essentially of a core made of jute fibers and a yarn of a substantially isotactic polypropylene having a crystallinity of at least 70% plaited on the core, said rope having a friction coefiicient on steel which is about 20% higher than the friction coefficient on steel of a rope made of jute fibers only.
  • the method for making a composite fibrous structure which comprises plaiting a sheath yarn of a substantially isotactic polypropylene having a crystallinity of at least 70% but containing some linear, regular headto-tail atactic polypropylene onto a core made of jute fibers, treating the composite structure thus obtained with a solvent for the atactic polypropylene, and then heating the structure to a temperature between 120 C. and 170 C.
  • the method for making a composite fibrous structure which comprises plaiting a sheath yarn of a substantially isotactic polypropylene having a crystallinity of at least 70% onto a core made of jute fibers, treating the composite structure thus obtained with a solution of linear, regular head-to-tail atactic polypropylene at a temperature not higher than about 110 C., and then heating the structure to a temperature between 120 C. and 170 C.
  • the method for making a composite fibrous structure which comprises plaiting a sheath yarn of a substantially isotactic polypropylene having a crystallinity of at least 70% onto a core made of jute fibers, treating the composite structure thus obtained with a solution of a stereoblock polymer of propylene at a temperature not higher than about 110 C., and then heating the structure to a temperature between 120 C. and 170 C.
  • the method for making a composite fibrous structure which comprises plaiting a sheath yarn of a substantially isotactic polypropylene having a crystallinity of at least 70% onto a core made of jute fibers, treating the composite structure thus obtained with a solution of linear, regular head-symmetricilj atactic polypropylene in trichlorethylene at a temperature not higher than about 110 C., and then heating the structure to a temperature between 120 C. and 170 C.
  • the method for making a composite fibrous structure which comprises plaiting a sheath yarn of a substantially isotactic polypropylene having a crystallinity of at least onto a core made of jute fibers, treating the composite structure thus obtained with a solution of a stereoblock polymer of propylene in trichlorethylene at a temperature not higher than about C., and then heating the structure to a temperature between C. and C.
  • the method for making a composite fibrous structure which comprises plaiting a sheath yarn of a substantially isotactic polypropylene having a crystallinity of at :least 70% onto a core made of jute fibers, treating the composite structure thus obtained with a solution of a stereoblock polymer of propylene in a solvent selected from the group consisting of aliphatic, aromatic and cycloparafiinic hydrocarbons having a boiling point below 200 C., at a temperature not higher than about 110 C.

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  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
US750885A 1957-07-29 1958-07-25 Composite ropes, cords and the like Expired - Lifetime US2974559A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1127057 1957-07-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2974559A true US2974559A (en) 1961-03-14

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US750885A Expired - Lifetime US2974559A (en) 1957-07-29 1958-07-25 Composite ropes, cords and the like

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US2974559A (de)
BE (1) BE569815A (de)
CH (1) CH363909A (de)
DE (1) DE1091005B (de)
FR (1) FR1200656A (de)
GB (1) GB886740A (de)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3113408A (en) * 1959-12-03 1963-12-10 Grace W R & Co Process for securing a shrinkable fastener to a container
US3122806A (en) * 1962-10-08 1964-03-03 Charles T Lewis Gripping device
US3137990A (en) * 1961-09-29 1964-06-23 William L Carranza Baling twine
US3141304A (en) * 1960-11-14 1964-07-21 Jefferson Chem Co Inc Soil stabilization by atactic polypropylene coating
US3199548A (en) * 1963-05-02 1965-08-10 United Elastic Corp Elastic fabrics
US3243338A (en) * 1960-07-27 1966-03-29 Dunlop Tire & Rubber Corp Flexible elastomeric articles and reinforcement therefor
US3337381A (en) * 1963-01-24 1967-08-22 Deering Milliken Res Corp Method of sewing textile webs together
US3358434A (en) * 1965-07-16 1967-12-19 Tubbs Cordage Company Low elongation synthetic rope
US3446004A (en) * 1967-10-13 1969-05-27 Sackner Prod Inc Welting cord
US3446002A (en) * 1965-03-22 1969-05-27 Delta Rope & Twine Ltd Monofilament twines
US3622429A (en) * 1968-11-25 1971-11-23 James A Kippan Synthetic strap
US3881973A (en) * 1970-10-07 1975-05-06 Boeing Co Joint construction and method of fabrication
US3904458A (en) * 1969-07-16 1975-09-09 Ici Ltd Method of joining continuous strands
US4789045A (en) * 1987-05-12 1988-12-06 Billy Pugh Co., Inc. Swing rope
US5477815A (en) * 1992-08-20 1995-12-26 Booda Products, Inc. Dog chew toy

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3110908A (en) * 1961-10-25 1963-11-19 Henry J Newgard Pool cover
DE2735087C3 (de) * 1977-08-04 1981-09-10 Hans 8900 Augsburg Baur Verfahren zur Behandlung eines Stranges aus thermoplastischem Material
NL7908515A (nl) * 1979-11-22 1981-06-16 Anza Bv Werkwijze voor het maken van een gevlochten koord, getwijnd garen of geslagen touw, respectievelijk voor het maken van een netwerk uit genoemde materialen, in het bijzonder een netwerk bestemd voor de visserij.
FR2503203B1 (fr) * 1981-04-01 1985-10-18 Garel Yves Procede pour l'obtention d'un cable souple et resistant et nouveau type de cable ainsi realise
US5644907A (en) * 1985-08-16 1997-07-08 Kolmes; Nathaniel H. Cut resistant yarn and protective garment made therefrom
USRE38136E1 (en) * 1985-08-16 2003-06-10 Supreme Elastic Corporation Cut resistant support yarn suitable for wrapping with an additional yarn covering
US5655358A (en) * 1985-08-16 1997-08-12 Kolmes; Nathaniel H. Cut resistant support yarn suitable for wrapping with an additional yarn covering

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1690846A (en) * 1926-04-07 1928-11-06 Claude A Turner Rope or cord
FR855058A (fr) * 1939-01-18 1940-05-01 Cordon de tirage perfectionné et procédé pour sa fabrication
US2512433A (en) * 1946-03-22 1950-06-20 Ici Ltd Hose pipe and method of making same
US2687673A (en) * 1949-04-04 1954-08-31 Boone Philip Textile material having oriented fibers
BE538782A (fr) * 1954-06-08 1955-12-06 Procédé de polymérisation d'oléfines, polymères ainsi obtenus et leurs applications
US2825721A (en) * 1953-01-27 1958-03-04 Phillips Petroleum Co Polymers and production thereof

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2382355A (en) * 1942-09-03 1945-08-14 Jr Richard F Warren Luminous rope
CH255689A (de) * 1947-03-20 1948-07-15 Bosshard Eduard Zug- und Bindemittel.
FR988665A (fr) * 1949-04-02 1951-08-30 Procédé pour enrober ou revêtir divers objets d'une couche de matière thermoplastique et en particulier de chlorure de polyvinyle
DE962719C (de) * 1953-10-08 1957-04-25 Huels Chemische Werke Ag Mit thermoplastischen Kunststoffen nahtlos ummantelte gestreckte Formgebilde
DE1733661U (de) * 1956-09-07 1956-11-08 Basf Ag Abschleppseil, bergseil, schiffstau, foerderseil aus linearen polymerisaten von olefinkohlenwasserstoffen.

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1690846A (en) * 1926-04-07 1928-11-06 Claude A Turner Rope or cord
FR855058A (fr) * 1939-01-18 1940-05-01 Cordon de tirage perfectionné et procédé pour sa fabrication
US2512433A (en) * 1946-03-22 1950-06-20 Ici Ltd Hose pipe and method of making same
US2687673A (en) * 1949-04-04 1954-08-31 Boone Philip Textile material having oriented fibers
US2825721A (en) * 1953-01-27 1958-03-04 Phillips Petroleum Co Polymers and production thereof
BE538782A (fr) * 1954-06-08 1955-12-06 Procédé de polymérisation d'oléfines, polymères ainsi obtenus et leurs applications

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3113408A (en) * 1959-12-03 1963-12-10 Grace W R & Co Process for securing a shrinkable fastener to a container
US3243338A (en) * 1960-07-27 1966-03-29 Dunlop Tire & Rubber Corp Flexible elastomeric articles and reinforcement therefor
US3141304A (en) * 1960-11-14 1964-07-21 Jefferson Chem Co Inc Soil stabilization by atactic polypropylene coating
US3137990A (en) * 1961-09-29 1964-06-23 William L Carranza Baling twine
US3122806A (en) * 1962-10-08 1964-03-03 Charles T Lewis Gripping device
US3337381A (en) * 1963-01-24 1967-08-22 Deering Milliken Res Corp Method of sewing textile webs together
US3199548A (en) * 1963-05-02 1965-08-10 United Elastic Corp Elastic fabrics
US3446002A (en) * 1965-03-22 1969-05-27 Delta Rope & Twine Ltd Monofilament twines
US3358434A (en) * 1965-07-16 1967-12-19 Tubbs Cordage Company Low elongation synthetic rope
US3446004A (en) * 1967-10-13 1969-05-27 Sackner Prod Inc Welting cord
US3622429A (en) * 1968-11-25 1971-11-23 James A Kippan Synthetic strap
US3904458A (en) * 1969-07-16 1975-09-09 Ici Ltd Method of joining continuous strands
US3881973A (en) * 1970-10-07 1975-05-06 Boeing Co Joint construction and method of fabrication
US4789045A (en) * 1987-05-12 1988-12-06 Billy Pugh Co., Inc. Swing rope
US5477815A (en) * 1992-08-20 1995-12-26 Booda Products, Inc. Dog chew toy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB886740A (en) 1962-01-10
BE569815A (de)
FR1200656A (fr) 1959-12-23
CH363909A (de) 1962-08-15
DE1091005B (de) 1960-10-13

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