US2965398A - Sealing device - Google Patents

Sealing device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2965398A
US2965398A US675779A US67577957A US2965398A US 2965398 A US2965398 A US 2965398A US 675779 A US675779 A US 675779A US 67577957 A US67577957 A US 67577957A US 2965398 A US2965398 A US 2965398A
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United States
Prior art keywords
liquid
fission products
radioactive
chamber
sealing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US675779A
Inventor
Keller Curt
Winkler Walter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer Escher Wyss AG
Original Assignee
Escher Wyss AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of US2965398A publication Critical patent/US2965398A/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
    • G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
    • G21D1/02—Arrangements of auxiliary equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
    • F01D11/04—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/08—Sealings
    • F04D29/10—Shaft sealings
    • F04D29/102—Shaft sealings especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/104—Shaft sealings especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps the sealing fluid being other than the working fluid or being the working fluid treated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/40—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces by means of fluid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S277/00—Seal for a joint or juncture
    • Y10S277/935—Seal made of a particular material
    • Y10S277/936—Composite
    • Y10S277/938—Carbon or graphite particle or filament
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S376/00—Induced nuclear reactions: processes, systems, and elements
    • Y10S376/90—Particular material or material shapes for fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention aims reliably to prevent escape of such radioactive materials.
  • the sealing liquid is preferably a suspension of an adsorption substance in a solvent mixture.
  • the working medium of a thermal power plant comes into contact with fission products of uranium or plutonium, then it is particularly important to prevent the escape from the working medium chamber to atmosphere of radioactive bromine, krypton, xenon or iodine.
  • the preferred sealing liquid used in this case is a suspension of active carbon in a mixture of alcohol and water. The sealing liquid absorbs and then dissolves these fission products. Small quantities of sealing liquid which flow out can be easily collected and suitably treated without the radioactive materials in question reaching the atmosphere.
  • the important effect of the invention is thus that the radioactive materials are received by the sealing liquid anddo not reach the atmosphere in a gaseous state.
  • sealing liquid other sealing liquids with similar properties can also be employed with- United States Patent 6O "ice in the scope of the invention.
  • active carbon for instance, the adsorption substance could also be a silicon-base substance.
  • solvent instead of alcohol and water, a different solvent can be employed which is adapted to dissolve the gaseous fission products in question,
  • the drawing illustrates an example of the sealing device according to the invention as applied to a working medium compressor of 'a closed-circuit thermal power plant. It is assumed that the working medium receives its heat from a nuclear reactor and is polluted by radioactive fission products emanating from this reactor.
  • the compressor housing is designated 1.
  • the bladed runner 2 is connected to a driving machine (not shown) by a shaft 3 which penetrates the housing.
  • the outlet-side end of the housing surrounds a discharge chamber 4 for the compressed working medium.
  • the shaft 3 isniounted in a bearing 5 flanged to the housing 1, the lubricant being supplied to the bearing by a conduit 6 whilst a conduit 7 serves to lead off the lubricant.
  • a liquid seal is provided where the rotary shaft 3 passes through the housing 1.
  • a sleeve 8 is flanged to the housing 1 and arranged between the runner 2 and bearing 5 to surround the shaft.
  • Three annular chambers 9, 10 and 11 are provided in the sleeve.
  • the central chamber 10 is supplied with sealing liquid through a conduit 12, which liquid is adapted to receive the aforementioned fission products contained in the chamber 4 and which is not decomposed under the action of the radioactive rays from the fission products.
  • it can be a suspension of an adsorption substance in a solvent mixture, for example active carbon in amixture of alcohol and water.
  • a labyrinth type stufiing box 13 is arranged between the discharge chamber 4 in the housing and the annular chamber 9.
  • the chamber 9 communicates with a vessel 15 via a conduit 14, a conduit 17 having a valve 16 leading from the vessel to a low pressure part of the circuit for the working medium.
  • a lower pressure obtains in the chamber 9 than in the discharge chamber 4 of the compressor housing.
  • a certain amount of working medium thus escapes from the chamber 4 toward the chamber 9. lit therefore flows through the conduit 14 into the vessel 15 and from there is returned to the circuit through the conduit 17.
  • the sealing liquid supplied to the annular chamber 10 through the conduit 12 has a higher pressure than the working medium in the annular chamber 9. This ensures a constant flow of a certain amount of sealing liquid through the gap between the sleeve 8 and the shaft 3 in a direction toward the annular chamber 9. The flow of working medium to the outer end of the sleeve 8 is thus prevented.
  • the sealing liquid reaching the chamber 9 together with the gas escaping through the labyrinth stuffing box 13, is led through the conduit 14 into the vessel 15 and separated from the gas therein.
  • the liquid collecting in the vessel 15 is returned to the conduit 12 by a pump 18 and again serves as sealing liquid.
  • a portion of the sealing liquid flows out of the annular chamber 10 through the gap between the sleeve 8 and the shaft 3 and toward the annular chamber 11 from which it is withdrawn through a conduit 19 into a container 20. Thereafter a pump 21 returns it to the conduit 14 via a conduit 22 so that this portion of the sealing liquid recombines with the portion flowing from the chamber 9.
  • the sealing liquid is adapted to receive by adsorption or dissolution the radioactive gaseous fission products in the gas escaping into the annular chamber 9, these products always remain in the liquid. There is therefore no danger that dangerous radioactive gaseous components escape from the liquid withdrawn from the annular chamber 11. With time, the circulated liquid becomes more concentrated with such fission products.
  • the feature described above thus has the advantage that outwardly penetrating radioactive fission products always remain bound to the liquid and do not escape as a gas. Consequently it is comparatively simple to remove the radioactive components in a convenient manner.

Description

Dec. 20, 1960 c. KELLER ET AL 2,955,398
SEALING DEVICE Filed Aug. 1. 1957 IN VEN TORS C urt Ke He 1'' d Walker Winkler .Actornegs SEALING DEVICE Curt Keller and Walter Winkler, Zurich, Switzerland, assignors to Escher Wyss Aktiengesellschaft, Zurich, Switzerland, a corporation of Switzerland Filed Aug. 1, 1957, Ser. No. 675,779
Claims priority, application Switzerland Sept. 1, 1956 2 Claims. (Cl. 286-1) of the radioactive materials to organisms, there is often the problem of completely avoiding the escape of these materials to atmosphere. For example, such is the case when the gaseous working medium of a thermal power plant flowing in a closed circuit is led through a nuclear reactor whereby gaseous fission products could contaminate the working medium and possibly also split the working medium itself into radioactive components. A reliable way must then be found for avoiding the escape to atmosphere of such working media containing radioactive fission products.
With a view to obtaining a substantially gas-tight seal from atmosphere for the working medium of turbo machines at the place where the shaft passes through the housing, it has already been proposed to use a liquid seal, lubricating oil being preferred for this purpose. This does not, however, afford a complete seal, such as is required to keep radioactive fission products remote from the atmosphere because in these seals a part of the liquid flows 01f laterally to atmosphere thus making it possible that minute quantities of gas can escape with the liquid. In addition, lubricating oil decomposes under the action of the radioactive rays emitted by the materials with which it comes into contact and becomes unusable.
Now, in a device for sealing from its surroundings a space between relatively moving parts containing gaseous nuclear-reaction fission products, the invention aims reliably to prevent escape of such radioactive materials. This is achieved according to the invention by the provision of a liquid seal in which the sealing liquid is such as to receive these fission products, without itself decomposing even under the action of the radioactive rays from the fission products.
The sealing liquid is preferably a suspension of an adsorption substance in a solvent mixture.
If, for example, the working medium of a thermal power plant comes into contact with fission products of uranium or plutonium, then it is particularly important to prevent the escape from the working medium chamber to atmosphere of radioactive bromine, krypton, xenon or iodine. The preferred sealing liquid used in this case is a suspension of active carbon in a mixture of alcohol and water. The sealing liquid absorbs and then dissolves these fission products. Small quantities of sealing liquid which flow out can be easily collected and suitably treated without the radioactive materials in question reaching the atmosphere.
The important effect of the invention is thus that the radioactive materials are received by the sealing liquid anddo not reach the atmosphere in a gaseous state. Instead of the above mentioned sealing liquid, other sealing liquids with similar properties can also be employed with- United States Patent 6O "ice in the scope of the invention. Instead of active carbon for instance, the adsorption substance could also be a silicon-base substance. Further, instead of alcohol and water, a different solvent can be employed which is adapted to dissolve the gaseous fission products in question,
' but which is not decomposed itself by the radioactive rays.
The drawing illustrates an example of the sealing device according to the invention as applied to a working medium compressor of 'a closed-circuit thermal power plant. It is assumed that the working medium receives its heat from a nuclear reactor and is polluted by radioactive fission products emanating from this reactor.
Only the outlet side portion of the compressor where the shaft passes through the housing is illustrated. The compressor housing is designated 1. The bladed runner 2 is connected to a driving machine (not shown) by a shaft 3 which penetrates the housing. The outlet-side end of the housing surrounds a discharge chamber 4 for the compressed working medium. The shaft 3 isniounted in a bearing 5 flanged to the housing 1, the lubricant being supplied to the bearing by a conduit 6 whilst a conduit 7 serves to lead off the lubricant.
In order to seal from atmosphere the chamber 4 containing gaseous fission products, a liquid seal is provided where the rotary shaft 3 passes through the housing 1. A sleeve 8 is flanged to the housing 1 and arranged between the runner 2 and bearing 5 to surround the shaft. Three annular chambers 9, 10 and 11 are provided in the sleeve. The central chamber 10 is supplied with sealing liquid through a conduit 12, which liquid is adapted to receive the aforementioned fission products contained in the chamber 4 and which is not decomposed under the action of the radioactive rays from the fission products. As mentioned earlier, it can be a suspension of an adsorption substance in a solvent mixture, for example active carbon in amixture of alcohol and water.
A labyrinth type stufiing box 13 is arranged between the discharge chamber 4 in the housing and the annular chamber 9. The chamber 9 communicates with a vessel 15 via a conduit 14, a conduit 17 having a valve 16 leading from the vessel to a low pressure part of the circuit for the working medium.
A lower pressure obtains in the chamber 9 than in the discharge chamber 4 of the compressor housing. Thus a certain amount of working medium thus escapes from the chamber 4 toward the chamber 9. lit therefore flows through the conduit 14 into the vessel 15 and from there is returned to the circuit through the conduit 17.
The sealing liquid supplied to the annular chamber 10 through the conduit 12 has a higher pressure than the working medium in the annular chamber 9. This ensures a constant flow of a certain amount of sealing liquid through the gap between the sleeve 8 and the shaft 3 in a direction toward the annular chamber 9. The flow of working medium to the outer end of the sleeve 8 is thus prevented. The sealing liquid reaching the chamber 9 together with the gas escaping through the labyrinth stuffing box 13, is led through the conduit 14 into the vessel 15 and separated from the gas therein. The liquid collecting in the vessel 15 is returned to the conduit 12 by a pump 18 and again serves as sealing liquid.
A portion of the sealing liquid flows out of the annular chamber 10 through the gap between the sleeve 8 and the shaft 3 and toward the annular chamber 11 from which it is withdrawn through a conduit 19 into a container 20. Thereafter a pump 21 returns it to the conduit 14 via a conduit 22 so that this portion of the sealing liquid recombines with the portion flowing from the chamber 9.
Since the sealing liquid is adapted to receive by adsorption or dissolution the radioactive gaseous fission products in the gas escaping into the annular chamber 9, these products always remain in the liquid. There is therefore no danger that dangerous radioactive gaseous components escape from the liquid withdrawn from the annular chamber 11. With time, the circulated liquid becomes more concentrated with such fission products.
, I Iowever, only minute -quantities are involved and operation will be continued for a comparatively long time before the liquid becomes so saturated with fission products that it has-to be replaced.
The feature described above thus has the advantage that outwardly penetrating radioactive fission products always remain bound to the liquid and do not escape as a gas. Consequently it is comparatively simple to remove the radioactive components in a convenient manner.
What is claimed is: 1. The method of sealing a space between relatively moving parts which contains gaseous nuclear-reaction fission products, which comprises providing a liquid seal for said space; and using in that seal a sealing liquid which does not decompose under the action of the radioactive rays emanating from the fission products and whichcomprises a fission product solvent mixture containing a sus- I pension of Mission product-adsorbing substance.
2. The method of sealing a space between relatively References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,873,988 Van Ryswyk Aug. 30, 1932 1,932,955 Van Ryswyk Oct. 31, 1933 2,287,034 Hollander June 23, 1942 2,820,652 Oechslin Jan. 21, 1958 OTHER REFERENCES Publication Boiling Water Reactor Plant from International Conference of the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, volume 3, pages 256-258.
Proceedings of the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, United Nations publi cation (New York), l95.6 (volume 3, page 184, column 2,
lines 28-42 relied on).
US675779A 1956-09-01 1957-08-01 Sealing device Expired - Lifetime US2965398A (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3195858A (en) * 1960-09-07 1965-07-20 Sulzer Ag Shaft seal
US3734580A (en) * 1971-06-22 1973-05-22 Gen Electric Split sleeve bearing with integral seals
US3782739A (en) * 1970-04-21 1974-01-01 Huels Chemische Werke Ag Method and apparatus for keeping free the agitator shaft seals from polymeride in polymerization vessels with bottom drive
US4189156A (en) * 1978-06-08 1980-02-19 Carrier Corporation Seal system for a turbomachine employing working fluid in its liquid phase as the sealing fluid
US4579350A (en) * 1984-10-17 1986-04-01 Knox Gary W Packless stuffing box for polish rods
US4613140A (en) * 1984-10-17 1986-09-23 Knox Gary W Self-aligning lubricating stuffing box
EP0400413A1 (en) * 1989-05-27 1990-12-05 AE PISTON PRODUCTS LIMITED (FORMERLY HEPWORTH & GRANDAGE LTD.) Casting die
US5334004A (en) * 1991-02-12 1994-08-02 Bertin & Cie Compressor or turbine type rotary machine for compressing or expanding a dangerous gas
US20150167485A1 (en) * 2012-07-24 2015-06-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sealing arrangement of a steam turbine in which a sealing liquid and a vapor steam extraction system are used
US20160131261A1 (en) * 2014-11-06 2016-05-12 Aes Engineering Ltd. Mechanical seal support system

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1400438B1 (en) * 1960-05-20 1970-05-14 Siemens Ag Self-pumping thrust bearing for electrical machines with vertical shaft, especially for hydroelectric generators
JPS52119741A (en) * 1976-03-31 1977-10-07 Seiko Seiki Kk Sealing device for bearing
GB2496633B (en) 2011-11-17 2018-01-17 Biomet Uk Healthcare Ltd A prosthesis

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1873988A (en) * 1926-04-15 1932-08-30 Willem Van Rijswijk Labyrinth gland for machine shafts
US1932955A (en) * 1931-12-23 1933-10-31 Edward L Coppinger Loading method and apparatus
US2287034A (en) * 1938-12-31 1942-06-23 Byron Jackson Co Pumping apparatus
US2820652A (en) * 1954-06-19 1958-01-21 Tech Studien Ag Shaft sealing arrangement for turbo-machine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1873988A (en) * 1926-04-15 1932-08-30 Willem Van Rijswijk Labyrinth gland for machine shafts
US1932955A (en) * 1931-12-23 1933-10-31 Edward L Coppinger Loading method and apparatus
US2287034A (en) * 1938-12-31 1942-06-23 Byron Jackson Co Pumping apparatus
US2820652A (en) * 1954-06-19 1958-01-21 Tech Studien Ag Shaft sealing arrangement for turbo-machine

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3195858A (en) * 1960-09-07 1965-07-20 Sulzer Ag Shaft seal
US3782739A (en) * 1970-04-21 1974-01-01 Huels Chemische Werke Ag Method and apparatus for keeping free the agitator shaft seals from polymeride in polymerization vessels with bottom drive
US3734580A (en) * 1971-06-22 1973-05-22 Gen Electric Split sleeve bearing with integral seals
US4189156A (en) * 1978-06-08 1980-02-19 Carrier Corporation Seal system for a turbomachine employing working fluid in its liquid phase as the sealing fluid
US4579350A (en) * 1984-10-17 1986-04-01 Knox Gary W Packless stuffing box for polish rods
US4613140A (en) * 1984-10-17 1986-09-23 Knox Gary W Self-aligning lubricating stuffing box
EP0400413A1 (en) * 1989-05-27 1990-12-05 AE PISTON PRODUCTS LIMITED (FORMERLY HEPWORTH & GRANDAGE LTD.) Casting die
US5334004A (en) * 1991-02-12 1994-08-02 Bertin & Cie Compressor or turbine type rotary machine for compressing or expanding a dangerous gas
US20150167485A1 (en) * 2012-07-24 2015-06-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sealing arrangement of a steam turbine in which a sealing liquid and a vapor steam extraction system are used
US9885246B2 (en) * 2012-07-24 2018-02-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sealing arrangement of a steam turbine in which a sealing liquid and a vapor steam extraction system are used
US20160131261A1 (en) * 2014-11-06 2016-05-12 Aes Engineering Ltd. Mechanical seal support system
US9845885B2 (en) * 2014-11-06 2017-12-19 Aes Engineering Ltd. Mechanical seal support system

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Publication number Publication date
GB815884A (en) 1959-07-01
CH342809A (en) 1959-11-30

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