US2953427A - Production of artificial filamentary materials - Google Patents

Production of artificial filamentary materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US2953427A
US2953427A US716683A US71668358A US2953427A US 2953427 A US2953427 A US 2953427A US 716683 A US716683 A US 716683A US 71668358 A US71668358 A US 71668358A US 2953427 A US2953427 A US 2953427A
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Prior art keywords
filaments
cooling
spinning
paths
orifices
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Expired - Lifetime
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US716683A
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English (en)
Inventor
Egger George Michael
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Viscosuisse SA
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Societe de la Viscose Suisse SA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/20—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with varying denier along their length

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process and apparatus for the production of artificial filamentary materials made by melt spinning and having local enlargements in crosssectional area in an irregular sequence.
  • artificial filamentary materials can be made from fusible filament-forming materials by forcing the molten material through nozzle orifices, drawing the extruded material in the form of continuous filaments through a cooling zone in which it solidifies, and conducting the filaments to a collecting means.
  • a molten filament'forming material is extruded through one or more spinning orifices, the extruded material is drawn in the form of filaments away from the orifices through a zone in which it is solidified by cooling, and a stream or streams or discrete particles of a fluid cool-ant are caused to travel in paths which themselves move transversely to the direction of travel of the filaments and to impinge on at least some of the filaments before they are completely solidified and While they are spaced apart, whereby local increases in the cross-sectional area of the filaments are produced at irregular intervals along their lengths.
  • the invention comprises also apparatus for carrying out the process described above, which comprises means for' extruding a moltenfilament-forming material through orifices, means for drawing the extruded material from the said orifice in the form of filaments, and auxiliary cooling means for forming a stream or streams or discrete particles of a fluid coolant and causing them to travel in paths which themselves m'ove transversely to the direction of travel of the filaments and which intersect the paths followed by the filaments between the extrusion means and the drawing means, at a distance from the extrusion means such that the filaments are still spaced apart.
  • the stream or streams or discrete particles of fluid coolant travel outwardly from a. source inside a group of filaments.
  • Yarns containing filaments having such local enlargements in cross-section, i.e. thickened portions, are used as so-called knop yarns and flake yarns, particularly in the weaving industry, for producing fashionable surface patterns on fabrics.
  • Figure 4 shows diagrammatically and partly in section a form of coolant-distributor that may be substituted for that in Figure 1.
  • the reference numeral 1 designates five filaments, i.e., separatefibres,
  • auxiliary cooling device comprising a cylindrical hollow member 3, carried on a shaft 4 extending coaxially of the said group of filaments and rotatably mounted on a support 6.
  • the shaft 4 also has secured thereon a V-belt pulley 7, by means of which the member 3 can be set in rotation. by a motor 9 by means of a cord 8.
  • Fine nozzle apertures 5 are drilled in the cylindrical surface of the member 3 around the latter, the said apertures extending radially outwards from the space inside said member.
  • the support 6 and the shaft 4 also comprise an axial bore which is not shown in the drawing and through which a cooling medium from the supply pipe 10 can be introduced into the internal space of the member 3.
  • Example apparatus referred to above the said apertures each having a diameter of 0.62 mm.
  • the rates of spinning and take-up were so adjusted that the individual filaments obtained before the auxiliary cooling means of the invention was set in operation had a count of 18 den. in the stretched condition.
  • the rotatably mounted cylindrical member 3 contained 15 apertures (5) drilled at regular intervals on a circular line on the cylindrical surface of said member, each having a diameter of 0.1 mm., spaced at a distance of 2.5 cm. from the spinning nozzle.
  • De-ionised water at room temperature was introduced through the supply pipe 10 at a pressure of 0.2 atm. gauge into the member 3, from which it was sprayed out radially through the apertures 5.
  • the member 3 was given a rotational movement of 690 rpm.
  • the water spraying outwardly in a manner similar to that produced with a lawn sprinkler thus impinged on changing points of the spun filaments passing by it, which were still largely liquid, local thickened portions being produced by the sudden cooling at the places where the water struck.
  • the filaments had a count of 14 den. between the thickened portions and comprised knops with a diameter of 0.5 mm. and a length of about 1 mm. irregularly distributed over their lengths.
  • the mean spacing between these thickened portions was 20 cm., the distances varying in random distribution between 2 cm. and 50 cm.
  • the separate filaments after stretching had a tensile strength of 5.3 grams per denier and a breaking elongation of 25%. The stretching was normal, i.e. the thickened portions did not cause any difficulties during the stretching.
  • the diameter and mean spacing of the knops can be varied widely by altering the spinning conditions. For example, when the member 3' was at a distance of 9 cm. from the spinning nozzle 2, and was run, under otherwise unchanged conditions, at 230 r.p.m., the filaments had a count of 16.5 den. between the thickened portions after stretching, whereas the knop diameter was 0.45 mm. and the mean knop spacing 60 cm.
  • the nature of the knop formation can also be influenced by varying the size and number of the nozzle apertures 5 in the member 3. Furthermore, these apertures 5 can as desired be regularly or irregularly arranged on the cylinder surface, or they can for example be arranged on a zig-zag line or in,
  • x y p Figure 2 shows another form of apparatus according to the invention, in which once again the reference 1 designates the filaments, which are drawn vertically downwards from a spinning nozzle 2 of a melt-spinning ap paratus (not shown). Positioned inside this group of filaments 1 is a member 3 which is constructed as a hollow circular disc, and is rotatably mounted on a Shaft 4 carried by a support 6, the said shaft 4 being disposed on a plane at right angles to the direction of travel of the filaments and driven by a motor 9.
  • the member 3 is provided on its two circular surfaces with fine apertures 5 leading outwardly from the inside of the member, through which a cooling medium fed into the member 3 from a supply pipe lit through an axial bore in the shaft 4, can be sprayed onto the filaments travelling past the said member.
  • FIG. 3 A third form of apparatus according to the invention is shown diagrammatically in Figure 3.
  • the member 3 consists of a tube closed at its ends and extend ing transversely through the group of filaments 1, the said tube having lateral nozzle apertures 5 towards one end.
  • a fiexible pipe leading from below leads into the tube, which is movably mounted in a guide Way in the support 6 and is given a reciprocating motion through a ball joint 11 by means of a driven eccentric disc 12 and crank 13.
  • the pipe allows the cooling medium to discharge laterally during its transverse movement and to strike perpendicularly on the filaments 1 passing thereby.
  • the coolant is caused to impinge on the spun material, not by spraying nozzles and under the action of pressure, but by means of centrifugal force.
  • This arrangement is of course restricted to the use of liquid cooling media.
  • This apparatus used is identical with that shown in Figure 1, except that the cylindrical member 3 shown in Figure 1 is replaced by the arrangement shown in Figure 4, in which the axially bored shaft 4 carries a toothed disc 13 below its closed end. Drilled immediately above the disc 13 are a number of openings 14 which extend from the upper side of the toothed disc into the interior of the shaft, but these openings do not have the fineness neces sary for spraying nozzles.
  • the cooling liquid supplied by the pipe 10 travels upwardly through the bore in the shaft and discharges through the holes 14 onto the upper side of the disc 13.
  • the discharging liquid is forced radially outwards under the action of centrifugal force, and is flung off in the form of fine droplets by the points of the toothed disc to strike the travelling filaments according to the laws of chance.
  • the forms of apparatus described above can be modified in many different Ways.
  • the member 3 in the form of a pipe as shown in Figure 3 can for example also be given an up-and-down movement in addition to the to-and-fro movement.
  • the number, size and distribution of the knops can in all cases be varied within very wide limits by altering the number, arrange ment and regularity or irregularity in the distribution of the apertures 5, or of the teeth of the disc 13 in the embodiment shown in Figure 4, and also by unsymmetrical arrangement of the entire member 3 in relation to the group of filaments 1, altering its speed of rotation, and controlling the supply of coolant.
  • the said member can for example also be arranged outside the groups of filaments, and in such a case knops of different sizes are produced on the different individual filaments.
  • a liquid coolant can moreover contain dissolved dyestuffs, suspended pigments, colour-intensifying or colour-resisting substances, whereby coloured knops, or knops darker-or brighter in colour than the remainder of the filament, can be obtained, and additional variegated effects are produced in the fabrics Woven from such filaments.
  • Knop yarns as such have long been known.
  • stape textile fibres such as wool, cotton or r-ayon yarns
  • they are for example produced by complete knops being admixed as small fibre tufts with the spinning batch in the willowing or being scattered in the feed material of the spinning card, or the knops may be produced with the aid of twisting frames giving special effects.
  • the arrival of the artificial textile fibres spun in as continuous filaments from nozzles it was an obvious question whether local thickenings in the fibres could be produced as during the manufacture of the fibres by intentional fluctuations in the supply to the spinning nozzle of the material to be spun or in the speed of the drawing or take-up device.
  • the process can be used with all fibres capable of being spun from the melt, eg with fibres obtained from polyamides, polyurethanes, polyesters and polymers of vinyl compounds.
  • Continuous filaments comprising knops in accordance with the invention can be used as such or can be subsequently cut and used as staple fibres.
  • Process for the manufacture of artificial filamentary materials having knops by melt spinning which comprises extruding the molten filament-forming material through spinning orifices, drawing the extruded material in the form of filaments away from the orifices through a 'zone in which it is solidified by cooling and, before the filaments are completely solidified and while they are still spaced apart, directing liquid coolant at substantially atmospheric temperature in paths which move transversely to and thus intersect the paths of the filaments, so as to cause a sudden liquid cooling of the filaments over short irregularly spaced lengths thereof and, under the action of the drawing operation, formation of thickened places at the irregularly spaced places where the liquid impinged on the filaments.
  • Process for the manufacture of artificial filamentary materials having knops by melt spinning which comprises extruding the molten filament-forming material through spinning orifices, drawing the extruded material in the form of filaments away from the orifices through a zone in which it is solidified by cooling and, before the filaments are completely solidified and while they are still spaced apart, directing streams of liquid coolant at substantially atmospheric temperature in paths which move transversely to and thus intersect the paths of the filaments, so as to cause a sudden liquid cooling of the filaments over short irregularly spaced lengths thereof and,' under the ,action of, the drawing operation, formation of thickened places at the irregularly spaced places where the liquid impinged on the filaments.
  • Process for the manufacture of artificial filamentary materials having knops by melt spinning which comprises extruding the molten filament-forming material through spinning orifices, drawing the extruded material in the form of filaments away from the orifices through a zone in which it is solidified by cooling and, before the filaments are completely solidified and while they are still spaced apart, directing drops of liquid coolant at substantially atmospheric temperature in paths which move transversely to and thus intersect the paths of the filaments, so as to cause a sudden liquid cooling of the filaments over short irregularly spaced lengths thereof and, under the action of the drawing operation, formation of thickened places at the irregularly spaced places where the liquid impinged on the filaments.
  • Process for the manufacture of artificial filamentary materials having knops by melt spinning which comprises extruding the molten filament-forming material through 6 spinning orifices, drawing the extruded material in the form of filaments away from the orifices through a zone in which it is solidified by cooling and, before the filaments are completely solidified and while they are still spaced apart, directing water at substantially atmospheric temperature in paths which move transversely to and thus intersect the paths of the filaments, so as to cause a sudden liquid cooling of the filaments over short irregularly spaced lengths thereof and, under the action of the drawing operation, formation of thickened places at the irregularly spaced places where the water impinged on the filaments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
US716683A 1957-02-22 1958-02-21 Production of artificial filamentary materials Expired - Lifetime US2953427A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH823013X 1957-02-22

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US2953427A true US2953427A (en) 1960-09-20

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US716683A Expired - Lifetime US2953427A (en) 1957-02-22 1958-02-21 Production of artificial filamentary materials

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US (1) US2953427A (fr)
BE (1) BE565068A (fr)
CH (1) CH348233A (fr)
DE (1) DE1182381B (fr)
GB (1) GB823013A (fr)
NL (1) NL112682C (fr)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3115437A (en) * 1959-05-01 1963-12-24 Du Pont Nubby yarns
US3127915A (en) * 1960-07-01 1964-04-07 Phillips Petroleum Co Synthetic knopped filaments
US3138516A (en) * 1962-11-21 1964-06-23 Monsanto Co Textile filament having apparent variable denier
US3194002A (en) * 1962-07-25 1965-07-13 Eastman Kodak Co Multifilament yarn of non-regular cross section
US3323165A (en) * 1963-10-14 1967-06-06 Monsanto Co Variable denier yarn apparatus
US3343207A (en) * 1963-10-14 1967-09-26 Monsanto Co Novelty yarn apparatus
US3347738A (en) * 1962-11-21 1967-10-17 Monsanto Co Textile filament having apparent variable denier
US3366721A (en) * 1966-07-21 1968-01-30 Monsanto Co Process for treating filaments
US3413701A (en) * 1966-06-28 1968-12-03 American Enka Corp Production of entangled novelty yarn
US3439489A (en) * 1966-07-07 1969-04-22 Monsanto Co Novelty nub yarns
US3846970A (en) * 1961-10-03 1974-11-12 Mitsubishi Rayon Co High bulk and potentially high bulk fibrous material
US3852948A (en) * 1961-08-26 1974-12-10 J Ruddell Yarns, tows, and fibers having differential shrinkability
US3958406A (en) * 1970-12-01 1976-05-25 Rhone-Poulenc-Textile Yarn having a basis of polyester with irregular titer
US3994428A (en) * 1972-05-04 1976-11-30 Li Chou H Apparatus for making reinforced metal-matrix composites
US4144044A (en) * 1977-11-18 1979-03-13 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method and apparatus for forming fibers
US4187273A (en) * 1976-06-23 1980-02-05 Stratis Melvin A Method of preforming a one-piece wall covering
US4204828A (en) * 1978-08-01 1980-05-27 Allied Chemical Corporation Quench system for synthetic fibers using fog and flowing air
US4285646A (en) * 1980-05-13 1981-08-25 Fiber Industries, Inc. Apparatus for quenching melt-spun filaments
WO2004070092A1 (fr) * 2003-02-05 2004-08-19 Saurer Gmbh & Co. Kg Dispositif pour impregner un ensemble de filaments en mouvement
CN111690994A (zh) * 2020-06-16 2020-09-22 孟伟东 一种石墨烯-涤纶纳米复合纤维的制备方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7440499B2 (ja) 2018-09-27 2024-02-28 サン－ゴバン グラス フランス 液晶による可変の拡散を有する電気的に制御可能な装置及びその方法
FR3086771A1 (fr) 2018-09-27 2020-04-03 Saint-Gobain Glass France Dispositif electrocommandable a diffusion variable par cristaux liquides et son procede.
FR3108990A1 (fr) 2020-04-01 2021-10-08 Saint-Gobain Glass France DIspositif ELECTROCOMMANDABLE A DIFFUSION VARIABLE

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2296394A (en) * 1940-11-22 1942-09-22 Du Pont Manufacture of novelty artificial yarn
US2377810A (en) * 1942-10-30 1945-06-05 Dow Chemical Co Crinkled polymeric vinylidene chloride fibers
US2447984A (en) * 1944-02-22 1948-08-24 American Viseose Corp Apparatus for spinning artificial staple fibers
US2730758A (en) * 1954-07-21 1956-01-17 Firestone Tire & Rubber Co Method and apparatus for the production of crimped filaments

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9559C (de) * W. SlLLER in Berlin Neuerungen an Drehschiebersteuerungen
DE664600C (de) * 1936-07-09 1938-08-31 Emil Glueck Vorrichtung zum Zertrennen von aus Spinnduesen austretenden Kunstseidefaeden
BE491249A (fr) * 1948-09-21
DE1252844B (fr) * 1955-01-17

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2296394A (en) * 1940-11-22 1942-09-22 Du Pont Manufacture of novelty artificial yarn
US2377810A (en) * 1942-10-30 1945-06-05 Dow Chemical Co Crinkled polymeric vinylidene chloride fibers
US2447984A (en) * 1944-02-22 1948-08-24 American Viseose Corp Apparatus for spinning artificial staple fibers
US2730758A (en) * 1954-07-21 1956-01-17 Firestone Tire & Rubber Co Method and apparatus for the production of crimped filaments

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3115437A (en) * 1959-05-01 1963-12-24 Du Pont Nubby yarns
US3127915A (en) * 1960-07-01 1964-04-07 Phillips Petroleum Co Synthetic knopped filaments
US3852948A (en) * 1961-08-26 1974-12-10 J Ruddell Yarns, tows, and fibers having differential shrinkability
US3846970A (en) * 1961-10-03 1974-11-12 Mitsubishi Rayon Co High bulk and potentially high bulk fibrous material
US3194002A (en) * 1962-07-25 1965-07-13 Eastman Kodak Co Multifilament yarn of non-regular cross section
US3138516A (en) * 1962-11-21 1964-06-23 Monsanto Co Textile filament having apparent variable denier
US3347738A (en) * 1962-11-21 1967-10-17 Monsanto Co Textile filament having apparent variable denier
US3343207A (en) * 1963-10-14 1967-09-26 Monsanto Co Novelty yarn apparatus
US3323165A (en) * 1963-10-14 1967-06-06 Monsanto Co Variable denier yarn apparatus
US3413701A (en) * 1966-06-28 1968-12-03 American Enka Corp Production of entangled novelty yarn
US3439489A (en) * 1966-07-07 1969-04-22 Monsanto Co Novelty nub yarns
US3366721A (en) * 1966-07-21 1968-01-30 Monsanto Co Process for treating filaments
US3958406A (en) * 1970-12-01 1976-05-25 Rhone-Poulenc-Textile Yarn having a basis of polyester with irregular titer
US3994428A (en) * 1972-05-04 1976-11-30 Li Chou H Apparatus for making reinforced metal-matrix composites
US4187273A (en) * 1976-06-23 1980-02-05 Stratis Melvin A Method of preforming a one-piece wall covering
US4144044A (en) * 1977-11-18 1979-03-13 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method and apparatus for forming fibers
US4204828A (en) * 1978-08-01 1980-05-27 Allied Chemical Corporation Quench system for synthetic fibers using fog and flowing air
US4285646A (en) * 1980-05-13 1981-08-25 Fiber Industries, Inc. Apparatus for quenching melt-spun filaments
WO2004070092A1 (fr) * 2003-02-05 2004-08-19 Saurer Gmbh & Co. Kg Dispositif pour impregner un ensemble de filaments en mouvement
CN111690994A (zh) * 2020-06-16 2020-09-22 孟伟东 一种石墨烯-涤纶纳米复合纤维的制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH348233A (de) 1960-08-15
NL112682C (fr)
BE565068A (fr)
DE1182381B (de) 1964-11-26
GB823013A (en) 1959-11-04

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