US2936223A - Motor fuel - Google Patents

Motor fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
US2936223A
US2936223A US665325A US66532557A US2936223A US 2936223 A US2936223 A US 2936223A US 665325 A US665325 A US 665325A US 66532557 A US66532557 A US 66532557A US 2936223 A US2936223 A US 2936223A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
gasoline
fuel
alcohol
hexylene glycol
engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US665325A
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English (en)
Inventor
William E Lovett
Elbert D Nostrand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
Original Assignee
Exxon Research and Engineering Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL111175D priority Critical patent/NL111175C/xx
Priority to NL228608D priority patent/NL228608A/xx
Priority to BE568517D priority patent/BE568517A/xx
Application filed by Exxon Research and Engineering Co filed Critical Exxon Research and Engineering Co
Priority to US665325A priority patent/US2936223A/en
Priority to GB16624/58A priority patent/GB824630A/en
Priority to DEE15945A priority patent/DE1082079B/de
Priority to FR1214158D priority patent/FR1214158A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2936223A publication Critical patent/US2936223A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with an improved motor fuel composition adapted to provide improved engine performance in automotive vehicles, motor boats and aircraft in cool, moist atmospheric conditions under which icing due to freezing of atmospheric moisture nor- V -mally occurs.
  • the motor fuel composition of the present invention comprises gasoline, which, as is well known, is essentially a hydrocarbon mixture having suitable volatility for operating internal combustion engines with spark-ignition, and containing as an ingredient a total of less than 2% by volume but suicient to decrease stalls due to icing of an aliphatic diol or mixture of diols of a particular type in critical combination with a volatile alcohol or mixture of alcohols.
  • the fuel compositions of the present invention may contain other additives', such as oiliness agents, gum solvents, alkyl-lead antidetonants, lead-scavenging agents, dyes, gum inhibitors, antioxidants, rust-preventives, metal-deactivators and the like, which are well known in the art as :desirable ingredients of gasoline for use as motor fuel.
  • additives' such as oiliness agents, gum solvents, alkyl-lead antidetonants, lead-scavenging agents, dyes, gum inhibitors, antioxidants, rust-preventives, metal-deactivators and the like, which are well known in the art as :desirable ingredients of gasoline for use as motor fuel.
  • the diols in the fuel composition are similar to those described in U.S. 2,701,754, February 8, 1955, Motor Fuel, inventors, I. P. Haworth et al.
  • the motor fuel of the present invention is of the type of that described in this patent.
  • novel fuel compositions of this invention are primarily intended to overcome certain operational diiculties in connection with automotive, marine, stationary, and airplane engines.
  • the diflculties referred to are caused by ice formed from moisture in the air in the intake system of an engine and result in frequent stalling of the engine under idling conditions when the circumambient ⁇ air has a relatively high humidity and is at a ternperature below about 60 F. This stalling phenomenon is now well known in the art.
  • the fuel may be either aviation gasoline or motor gasoline.
  • the volatilities of these gasolines in general vary over a range of vapor pressure at 100 F. from 6 lbs./sq. in. to lbs/sq. in. and over a range of 50% points, in ASTM D-86 tests, from 170 to 270 F.
  • the ASTM end point of aviation gasoline is between 250 and 350 F.; and that of motor gasoline is between 350 and 450 F.
  • Complete specifications for gasolines suitable to be used in accordance with the present invention motor gasoline are fully defined in Federal Specification VVM561 a-2 of October 20, 1954 as Fuel M,
  • the present invention is concemed with gasoline compositions containing a critical amount of diol, which is an aliphatic oxygen-containing compound having two hydroxyl groups, in combination with an alcohol.
  • the oxygen-containing compounds of the present invention are aliphatic diols, either saturated or unsaturated, containing from 4 to 21 carbon atoms per molecule.
  • the preferred diols are characterized by having an alkyl radical directly attached to at least one of the carbon atoms to which a hydroxyl group is attached.
  • the alkyl group may contain from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, although it is preferred that the alkyl group be a methyl group.
  • those having from 6 to 8 carbon atoms are most preferred, particularly, the hexylene glycols as, for example, 2methyl-2,4pentane diol, hexane diol-2,5 and 2-methyl-pentene-5-diol-2,4.
  • hexylene glycols is 2- methyl-2,4pentane diol. Also useful but less eective than the foregoing are 1,3 dimethyl-butane-diol-2,3 and 2-methylpentanediol 1,3, which latter does not have the methyl group on the same carbon atom as either of the hydroxyl groups.
  • the alcohols are those containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, eg., methyl, ethyl, propyl, allyl and isopropyl alcohols. Especially preferred is isopropyl alcohol.
  • the amount of hexylene glycol employed will depend upon the amount of alcohol used. In general, the amount of hexylene glycol used will be in the range of from 0.01 to 0.095% by volume while the amount of alcohol as, for example, methyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol should be in the range from about 0.40 to 1.8% by volume. In accordance with a particularly preferred embodiment of this invention, the concentration of the alcohol must not be less than 10 nor more than 30 times the concentration of the hexylene glycol. For example, in a gasoline ⁇ of relatively low volatility (eg. 50% at 270 F.), there is added 0.4% isopropyl alcohol together with 0.01 to 0.04% hexylene glycol. Similarly, in a gasoline of relatively high volatility, there is added 1.8% isopropyl alcohol, together with 0.06 to 0.095% hexylene glycol. In these two examples, best results are obtained when the volume ratio of alcohol to diol is 20/ 1.
  • the base fuel was a premium grade of commercial gasoline, having a 10% ASTM distillation point of 117 F., a 50% point of 192 F. and a 90% point of 300 F. by ASTM Method D-86, which is the recognized method for measuring the volatility of gasoline.
  • This gasoline also contained tetra-ethyl lead, scavenging agent and antioxidant, such as are conventional in the art.
  • Various percentages of isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol) and hexylene glycol and mixtures thereof were tested in this common base fuel as shown in Table I.
  • Hexylene Glycol e Base fuel was a winter grade premium gasoline without anti-lclng additive, with volatility of 65% evaporated at 212 F. in ASTM D-8 and 13.5 lbs. Reid vapor pressure.
  • d Engine roughness was less than with 2% isopropyl alcohol or 0.14% hexylene glycol.
  • a cycle consists of 30 seconds at 1500 r.p.m. followed by 15 seconds at dllng speed.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention is a motor fuel of the type of gasoline to which has been added a small but critical concentration, not exceeding 1.9% by volume, but suliicient to decrease stalls due to icing by at least 66% from the number of stalls obtained with the motor fuel alone, of a mixture of an alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms per molecule and a hexylene glycol, eg., 2methyl2,4-pentane diol, in a volume ratio between 10 and 30 parts of said alcohol to l part of said glycol.
  • a motor fuel of the type of gasoline to which has been added a small but critical concentration, not exceeding 1.9% by volume, but suliicient to decrease stalls due to icing by at least 66% from the number of stalls obtained with the motor fuel alone, of a mixture of an alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms per molecule and a hexylene glycol, eg., 2methyl2,4-pentane diol,
  • a gasoline as defined by claim 1 wherein said hexylene glycol is 2-methyl-2,4pentane diol.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
US665325A 1957-06-12 1957-06-12 Motor fuel Expired - Lifetime US2936223A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL111175D NL111175C (de) 1957-06-12
NL228608D NL228608A (de) 1957-06-12
BE568517D BE568517A (de) 1957-06-12
US665325A US2936223A (en) 1957-06-12 1957-06-12 Motor fuel
GB16624/58A GB824630A (en) 1957-06-12 1958-05-23 Motor fuel
DEE15945A DE1082079B (de) 1957-06-12 1958-05-31 Treibstoff fuer Vergasermotore
FR1214158D FR1214158A (fr) 1957-06-12 1958-06-10 Carburants pour moteurs

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US665325A US2936223A (en) 1957-06-12 1957-06-12 Motor fuel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2936223A true US2936223A (en) 1960-05-10

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ID=24669642

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US665325A Expired - Lifetime US2936223A (en) 1957-06-12 1957-06-12 Motor fuel

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2936223A (de)
BE (1) BE568517A (de)
DE (1) DE1082079B (de)
FR (1) FR1214158A (de)
GB (1) GB824630A (de)
NL (2) NL228608A (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3212866A (en) * 1962-12-26 1965-10-19 Texaco Inc Hydrazine-hydrocarbon dispersion composition
US3384466A (en) * 1967-02-21 1968-05-21 Esso Res And Engienering Compa Amine-phosphates as multi-functional fuel additives
US3436195A (en) * 1967-12-04 1969-04-01 Universal Oil Prod Co Synergistic anti-icing composition
US3653853A (en) * 1969-11-14 1972-04-04 Universal Oil Prod Co Synergistic anti-icing composition
US3901666A (en) * 1973-06-15 1975-08-26 Universal Oil Prod Co Synergistic anti-icing composition
US4396398A (en) * 1980-10-01 1983-08-02 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Antimisting additives for aviation fuels
US9139306B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2015-09-22 Airbus Operations (S.A.S.) Fastening device particularly suitable for the fastening between an air intake and an engine of an aircraft nacelle
US10087310B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-10-02 California Institute Of Technology Associative polymers and related compositions, methods and systems
US10119084B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2018-11-06 California Institute Of Technology Associative polymers to control formation of particulate matter from ignitable compositions and related compositions, methods and systems
US10400186B2 (en) 2009-04-17 2019-09-03 California Institute Of Technology Associative polymers for mist-control

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE618629A (de) * 1961-06-09
US3325565A (en) * 1963-10-01 1967-06-13 Exxon Research Engineering Co Mixed monoalkyl and dialkyl esters of phosphoric acid partially neutralized with a primary alkyl amine

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2104021A (en) * 1935-04-24 1938-01-04 Callis Conral Cleo Fuel
US2229215A (en) * 1938-02-23 1941-01-21 Carter Carburetor Corp Antifreeze substance for fuel tanks
GB555193A (en) * 1941-04-10 1943-08-10 Harry Longhurst West Improvements in or relating to the prevention of the formation or accretion of ice on exposed surfaces
US2646348A (en) * 1951-12-15 1953-07-21 Standard Oil Dev Co Gasoline fuels containing dimethyl carbinol and solvent oil
US2701754A (en) * 1951-08-23 1955-02-08 Standard Oil Dev Co Motor fuel
GB766591A (en) * 1954-07-29 1957-01-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co Improvements in or relating to gasoline fuel compositions
US2807526A (en) * 1950-10-04 1957-09-24 Standard Oil Co Additive for motor fuels and fuel compositions containing the same

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2104021A (en) * 1935-04-24 1938-01-04 Callis Conral Cleo Fuel
US2229215A (en) * 1938-02-23 1941-01-21 Carter Carburetor Corp Antifreeze substance for fuel tanks
GB555193A (en) * 1941-04-10 1943-08-10 Harry Longhurst West Improvements in or relating to the prevention of the formation or accretion of ice on exposed surfaces
US2807526A (en) * 1950-10-04 1957-09-24 Standard Oil Co Additive for motor fuels and fuel compositions containing the same
US2701754A (en) * 1951-08-23 1955-02-08 Standard Oil Dev Co Motor fuel
US2646348A (en) * 1951-12-15 1953-07-21 Standard Oil Dev Co Gasoline fuels containing dimethyl carbinol and solvent oil
GB766591A (en) * 1954-07-29 1957-01-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co Improvements in or relating to gasoline fuel compositions

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3212866A (en) * 1962-12-26 1965-10-19 Texaco Inc Hydrazine-hydrocarbon dispersion composition
US3384466A (en) * 1967-02-21 1968-05-21 Esso Res And Engienering Compa Amine-phosphates as multi-functional fuel additives
US3436195A (en) * 1967-12-04 1969-04-01 Universal Oil Prod Co Synergistic anti-icing composition
US3653853A (en) * 1969-11-14 1972-04-04 Universal Oil Prod Co Synergistic anti-icing composition
US3901666A (en) * 1973-06-15 1975-08-26 Universal Oil Prod Co Synergistic anti-icing composition
US4396398A (en) * 1980-10-01 1983-08-02 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Antimisting additives for aviation fuels
US10400186B2 (en) 2009-04-17 2019-09-03 California Institute Of Technology Associative polymers for mist-control
US9139306B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2015-09-22 Airbus Operations (S.A.S.) Fastening device particularly suitable for the fastening between an air intake and an engine of an aircraft nacelle
US10087310B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-10-02 California Institute Of Technology Associative polymers and related compositions, methods and systems
US10494509B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-12-03 California Institute Of Technology Associative polymers and related compositions, methods and systems
US10119084B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2018-11-06 California Institute Of Technology Associative polymers to control formation of particulate matter from ignitable compositions and related compositions, methods and systems
US10428286B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2019-10-01 California Institute Of Technology Associative polymers for use in a flow and related compositions, methods and systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1082079B (de) 1960-05-19
NL111175C (de)
GB824630A (en) 1959-12-02
BE568517A (de)
FR1214158A (fr) 1960-04-07
NL228608A (de)

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