US2930084A - Apparatus for corrective drafting of strands of discontinuous fibers - Google Patents

Apparatus for corrective drafting of strands of discontinuous fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
US2930084A
US2930084A US543397A US54339755A US2930084A US 2930084 A US2930084 A US 2930084A US 543397 A US543397 A US 543397A US 54339755 A US54339755 A US 54339755A US 2930084 A US2930084 A US 2930084A
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United States
Prior art keywords
rolls
strand
voltage
speed
drafting
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US543397A
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English (en)
Inventor
Malcolm A Sanborn
William G Klein
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Bates Maufacturing Co
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Bates Maufacturing Co
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Priority to US543397A priority Critical patent/US2930084A/en
Priority to FR1165080D priority patent/FR1165080A/fr
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H5/00—Drafting machines or arrangements ; Threading of roving into drafting machine
    • D01H5/18—Drafting machines or arrangements without fallers or like pinned bars
    • D01H5/32—Regulating or varying draft
    • D01H5/38—Regulating or varying draft in response to irregularities in material ; Measuring irregularities
    • D01H5/42—Regulating or varying draft in response to irregularities in material ; Measuring irregularities employing electrical time-delay devices

Definitions

  • a sliver In the production of yarnfrom staple fibers according to conventional methods there is formed, after initial dispersion by openers and cards, an essentially continuous strand, usually called a sliver, composed of a plurality of overlapping fibers loosely but effectively held together by inter-fiber friction Vand entanglement. Since, in most cases, the weight of this initial sliver is greater than the desired weight of the iinal yarn, it is subjected to subsequent attenuating processes, as byv drafting. l'n most staple yarn production, the drafting serves a second function of increasing the straightness and parallelism of the fibers along the strand axis.
  • the present invention preferably utilizes an electromagnetic slip clutch, the torque output of which is governed by a control circuit.
  • a speed control circuit of the feed-back or closed loop type has been employed, having found that the common calibrated or open loop principle is not sufciently sensitive or precise for the critical requirements of the problem.
  • An open loop speed control system such as, for example, a syS- tem employing a strand measuring device which alone controls the speed of a variable drive element, would be appropriate and satisfactory only if the variable drive element where both of low inertia and of such power as to practically completely over-ride or negate the effect of variations in drafting resistance.
  • a feedback voltage is generated which is directly responsive to the actual relative speed of the drafting rolls, and the feed-back lis utilized to modify the control signal for discrepancies due to drafting resistance and possible changes in characterist-ics of the driving mechanism. As is later described, this also accelerates the response.
  • the essence of this invention is the novel and uniquely appropriate application of a feed-back control system to the important and heretofore unsolved problem of correcting weight variations in textile strands by drafting an amount proportional to the mass or bulk.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic box-type diagram of one form of the control system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the elements comprising a particular embodiment of the present invention.
  • the mass of a moving sliver is measured by a sensing means v1 which detects variations 'in 'the uniformity of the mass of the Isliver, and these variations are converted by l'a transducer element 2 into a signal voltage which may,
  • the variable drafting system 4 includes a forward circuit 5 and a feed-back circuit 6.
  • a D.C. voltage is generated in the feed-back circuit by a tachometer generator 40, which voltage is proportional to the relative speed of the drafting rolls it?, 11 (see Fig. 2.).
  • the feed-back voltage is calibrated by the speed adjusting control 42 and converted from D.C. to A.C. by a converter 38 before being introduced to the summation point 7, at which point the feed-back voltage is subtracted from the mass signal voltage to producean error voltage.
  • the error voltage is amplified by a phase sensitive amplifier 44 and rectified by a rectifier 8, and the error 'voltage is used to control the rotational torque applied to the draft rolls lll.
  • the error voltage may control the slip of a clutch 15, thereby, in turn, regulating the speed of the feed rolls.
  • the actual relative speed of the feed rolls is controlled by both the mass voltage and the speed voltage, so that changes in mass or small deviations in speed of the draft rolls produce substantial changes in error voltage to.
  • Fig. 2 which illustrates a specific embodiment of the present invention
  • the non-uniform strand or sliver A which is to be processed to improve its uniyforrnity is passed through two sets of rolls itl and 11 suitably spaced apart and separately driven to permit attenuation of the strand A therebetween.
  • the invention as described employs only two sets of rolls, any number may be provided with the relative speeds of successive pairs being regulated, if desired.
  • the shafts of the upper and lower rolls of the set carry meshing gears lita, 1Gb, and the rolls 1) are driven at uniform speed by a motor 12.
  • the shafts of the upper and lower rolls of the set 11 also carry meshing gears 11a and 1lb, and the rolls 11 are adapted to be driven from a constant speed motor 13 through a transmission which includes transmission means, such as a belt drive 14, a magnetic slip clutch l5, and a shaft 16 connecting the driven element of the slip clutch with the rolls li.
  • transmission means such as a belt drive 14, a magnetic slip clutch l5, and a shaft 16 connecting the driven element of the slip clutch with the rolls li.
  • the shaft lo is coupled to a viscous load, such as a shorted generator ll?. Alternatively, this may be accomplished electrically by a suitable kinetic damping or by an antihunt circuit.
  • the draft rolls 10, 11 may be driven by a single motor.
  • the speed of the rolls 11 is varied by controlling the slip of the magnetic clutch 15. It is evident that if the peripheral linear velocity of the rolls 11 is greater than that of the rolls 1t), the portion of the strand A between the two sets of rolls will be subjected to tension which will have a drawing effect on that portion of the strand A. By increasing this drawing effect on heavier portions of the strand and by diminishing this drawing effect on lighter portions of the strand, it is possible to produce a strand of relatively uniform mass.
  • the detecting or sensing unit in one preferred form, includes a guide block 20 having an open channel or slot 21 formed therein and a sensing element comprising a weighted movable tongue 22 accommodated within the channel or slot Z1 and a pivotal lever 23 supporting the tongue 22. at the free end thereof.
  • the fixed end off the lever is suitably supported on a pin 24 in a suitable base or platform B.
  • the side Walls 21a and the base 21h of the channel 21 curve or taper outwardly at the entrance end, and the lower edge of the tongue 22 is curved or rounded in the direction of the moving strand to guide the strand through the channel.
  • the Weight of the tongue 22 accommodated within the groove 21 compresses the strand to a substantially uniform density in order to make possible an accurate measure of the sliver mass.
  • the tongue 22 will, of course, move in a vertical direction in response to and simultaneously with the changes in the mass of the ber bundle or strand passing beneath it, and this vertical movement is an accurate measure of the mass of this portion of the strand.
  • the pivotal movement of the lever 23 in response to variations in the mass of the strand displacesl the movable core Sila of a conventional linear variable differential transformer 30.
  • the transformer 30 comprises the movable core 30a, a primary/'winding Stlb and secondary windings 3tlc.
  • the core Sila is provided with an upwardly projecting extension 31 which carries a screwor collar 32 and a compression spring 33.
  • the compression spring acting against a xed surface of the transformer engages the collar 32 and urges the upper end of the extension 31 in contact with the lower end of an adjustable set screw 34. In this way, any movement of the pivotal lever will shift the position of the core 30a of the transformer.
  • the voltage at the output will be determined by the relative position of the'core, which position, in turn, is determined by the thickness of the compressed strand measured by the sensing element.
  • the output voltage of the transformer 30 may be amplified by conventional means represented by the reference numeral 37, and the amplified voltage is then applied to the input of a phase sensitive amplifier 44 in opposition to the adjusted A.C. voltage generated by a tachometer generator 4u.
  • rl ⁇ he tachometer generator 4t is driven by a suitable drive transmission 41 from the shaft 16.
  • the voltage output of the generator 4t therefore, is proportional to the speed of operation of the rolls 11.
  • the D.C. voltage generated by the tachometer 40 is converted to A.C. by conventional means 3S and then impressed upon the input of the phase sensitive amplifier 44 in bucking fashion to the amplified A.C. output voltage of the transformer 30.
  • the feed-back voltage will equal the mass voltage only when the output speed is that required to maintain the proper output mass.
  • a differential, or error, voltage is amplified by the phase sensitive amplifier 44, rectiiied to D.C. by the rectifier 8, and then impressed across a magnetic coil 15a of the magnetic clutch.
  • the slippage of the clutch 15 and, therefore, the speed of the rolls il is determined by the error voltage impressed across the coil 15a.
  • the mass of the strand measured by the sensing element is greater or less than the expected norm, the slippage of the magnetic clutch will be altered, resulting in a change in the relative speed of the rolls 10, 11.
  • a variable speed motor in combination with an amplidyne.
  • the magnetic slip clutch 15 is preferred.
  • the principal advantage of the magnetic slip clutch over a variable speed motor is that the power. required to control clutch slippage is a small fraction of that needed to drive and accelerate a motor capable of performance equal to that of a clutch.
  • the reduced power requirement permits simpler equipment to be used for the amplifier.
  • a magnetic slip clutch In order to be applicable to this problem, a magnetic slip clutch must be smooth in its action and be capable of running in continuous slip with infrequent maintenance.- Any electro-magnetically activated clutch which fulfills these requirements can be used, and the term magnetic slip clutch is used here to indicate any clutch of this general type.
  • variable torque drive will not produce proportitsallv variable src-cds with adequate stability.
  • the viscons load"element ⁇ 1.1 coupled to. the variable speed element has. been found desirable to change the trque-to-speed .relationship by imposing a resistance which increases with increased. speed.
  • the degree of vi ons. damping is. designed or adjusted sov that the tor,q t1etos peed'v relationship.
  • the element d2 comprises two speed adjusting controls which2 assure that the sliver will'be attenuated tov the proper level and that a given change in mass will cause thefproper change in speed. This latter effect is called tracking.. 'Il'hve'tracking control is a voltage divider which talles. afsuitable fractionV of thev D.C. tachometer generator vbltage for use in the control so that a given change ini'speed will produce the proper-change in feedfback voltage, The other control is achieved through the ap' plication ofY a biasvoltage which sets the average speed* level.,y y
  • Synchronization of thev spechic corrective drafting speed with the mass earlier measured can be effected by adjusting speed of throughputto match any delay in the response cf the. svstemrby spacing. cf thc mcasucins clcm" tY inf relation to the drafting zone, by a delay devicer in, the sensing signal system, or by any combination of the three.
  • DLC. to A.C. converter 3:8 ⁇ comprises an electronic tube arranged in a conventional circuit to produce an AC.' voltage of a ⁇ magnitude proportional to the adjusted Ii)l lt chometer generator voltage, and of the same freque y and opposite phase as the amplified A,C- output *chase cf thc. transformers@- v
  • the difference or error voltage is ⁇ in p hasewith either the mass voltage or Ithe speed voltage, whichever is. larger.
  • the phase sensitive amplifier 44 is of conventional design. With the errori-voltageequal to zero there is still a D.C. outputvoltage called. the. zero signal output. This D C. voltage causes a certain voltage to be applied to clutch, called the nullvoltage. When ythe mass voltagedominates the speedvoltage, the D.C.V clutchrvotage,
  • the D.C. clutch voltage and speed are tlccrcascd- ⁇ r'lfhere are, of course, alternative arrangements which may be used within the limits of the invention described in theY claims.
  • the rolls 10 rather than the rolls 11 may be driven at variable speed. Two or more sets of rolls may be used and more than one set can be driven at variable speeds. It may be desirable, in order to guard against making a product of improper mass when the prime movers' speed varies, to use two tachometers, utilizing the difference of the two voltages for control puEPOses.
  • any mass measuring device which reliably produces a signal proportional to mass may be used.
  • Capacitances and photoelectric devices, such as those used on textile. liber uniformity measuring devices are alternatives which may be used in place ofthe tongue and groove device shown in Eig. 2. ⁇
  • any form of viscous load which is adequate may be used, and, under certain circumstances, no viscous load may be necessary. It may be omitted without altering the essential principles of the invention.
  • Weighted means movable within said restricted passage. for compressing theV strand to substantially a uniform density, avariable speed drive for at least one of the. pairsof draft rolls, means controlledr by the movement of the weighted means for regulating the speed of the drive, means for generating.
  • Apparatus for corrective drafting of strands madeI fromA discontinuous fibers comprising means for detect-- ing the uniformity of a moving fiber strand, first and second sets of draft rolls, the strand travelling from one set of draft rolls to the other in succession, means for driving at least one of said sets of draft rolls through a, drive transmission which includes a magnetically controlled slip clutch, the slip of said clutch determining the relative velocity of the two sets of rolls, thereby 'cone trolling the degree of attenuation of the strand between the two sets of draft rolls, an electrical circuit for con-v trolling the slippage of the clutch, a generator driven at a speed'which varies as the relative speed of the draft rolls, the generated voltage being impressed upon said electrical circuit, and transducer means controlled by the detecting means for producing a variable voltage determined by the mass of the strand sensed by the detecting means, said voltage being impressed on the electrical circuit opposing said generated voltage, the resulting liow of current in said electrical circuit determining the relative velocity of saidl
  • Apparatus for corrective drafting of strands madeY from discontinuous fibers comprising first and second. sets of draft rolls, the strand travelling from one set of ⁇ draft rolls'to the other in succession, means for driving? 7 -one of said sets of rolls at a constant speed, means for driving the other of said sets Vof rolls through a ⁇ drive transmission which includes a magnetically operated slip clutch, the degree of slip of said clutch determining the speed of the rolls driven thereby, a channel forming a narrow passageway through which the strand Yis fed in an axial direction, a pivoted lever, a weighted tongue carried by said pivoted lever, said tongue engaging the moving strand within the channel and compressing it to a relatively uniform density, the pivotal movements of the lever being a measure of the variations in the uniformity of the strand, a transducer having a movable core, the position of the core of said transducer being determined by the pivotal movements of said lever, and an electrical circuit to transmit the variations in the output voltage of the transducer to the
  • Apparatus as set forth in claim 3 including a generator driven by the variable speed rolls, the output volt-v age of said generator being proportional to the relative speed of the draft rolls and being impressed on said electrical circuit in bucking fashion to the output voltage of the transducer, the summation of the two voltages serving to control the magnetically controlled slip clutch.
  • Apparatus for corrective drafting of strands madel from discontinuous fibers comprising means for detecting the uniformity of a moving iber strand, n ⁇ rst and second sets of draft rolls, the strand travelling from one set of draft rolls to the other in succession, means for driving at least one of said sets of draft rolls through a drive transmission which includes a magnetically controlled slip clutch, the slip of said clutch determining the relative velocity of the two sets of rolls, thereby controlling tlie degree of attenuation of the strand between the two sets of draft rolls, an electrical circuit for controlling the slippage of the clutch, a generator driven at a speed which varies as the relative speed of the draft rolls, the generated voltage being impressed upon said electrical circuit, transducer means controlled by the detecting means for producing a variable voltage determined by the mass of the strand sensed by the detecting means, said voltage being impressed on the electrical circuit opposing said generated voltage, and voltage control means for regulating at least one of the voltages impressed on said electrical circuit, providing a predetermined relationship between the relative speeds
  • Apparatus for corrective drafting of strands made from discontinuous fibers comprising at least two sets of draft rolls, the strand traveling from one set to the next for attenuation therebetween, a variable speed drive for at least one of the sets of draft rolls, a signal summating circuit, the output of which regulates the variable speed drive, means for measuring the mass of the strand, means for converting the measurement of the mass of the strand into an electrical input impressed on said signal summatingcircuit, means for generating a voltage the value of which is determined by the actual relative speed Vof the sets of draft rolls, and means for impressing said voltage on said signal summating circuit.
  • Apparatus for corrective drafting of strands made from discontinuous fibers comprising at least two sets of draft rolls, the strand traveling from one set to the next for attenuation therebetween, a variable speed drive for at least one of the sets of draft rolls, an electrical circuit for regulating the variable speed drive, means for measuring the massof the strand, means for converting the measurement of the mass of the strand into v.a-voltage input impressed on said ,electrical circuit, means for generating va voltage, the value of which is determined by the ,actual relative speed of the sets of draft rolls,.and means for impressing the generated voltage on said electricalV circuit to compensate for any discrepancy between the relative speed of the draft rolls necessary to afford Vthe desired attenuation and the actual relative speed of the draft rolls, the said electrical circuit serving as a sum mating circuit for the different voltages impressed thereon.
  • Apparatus for corrective drafting of strands made from discontinuous fibers comprising at least two pairs of draft rolls, the strand travelling from one pair to the other in succession, means for measuring the mass of the strand, a variable speed drive for at least one of the pairs of draft rolls, means controlled by the means for measuring the mass of the strand for regulating the speed of the drive, means for generating a voltage the value of which is a function of the relative speed of the two pairs of rolls, and means for impressing the generated voltage as a feed-back control on said variable speed drive to insure the operation of the variable speed drive at the speed dictated by the mass measurement, thereby drafting the strand between the pairs of draft rolls by the amount indicated by the measured mass to produce a strand of improved uniformity.
  • Apparatus for corrective drafting of strands made from discontinuous bers comprising first and second sets of draft rolls, the strand travelling from one set of draft rolls to the other in succession, drive means for said first and second sets of draft rolls, a magnetically controlled slip clutch for transmitting the drive to at least one of said sets of rolls, the degree of slip of the clutch determining the relative speed of rotation of the two sets of rolls, an electrical circuit for impressing a'pre'determined voltage on said magnetically controlled slip clutch to control the degree of slip thereof, the torque transmitted by the clutch varying directly with the voltage impressed thereon, means to detect variations in the uniformity of the strand, transducer means for translating the variations in uniformity into variations in the voltage impressed on the magnetically controlled clutch, means for generating a voltage the value of which is a function of the relative speed of the two sets of rolls, and means forY impressing the generated voltage as a feedback control on said magnetically controlled slip clutch to insure the operation of the magnetically controlled slip clutch at the speed dictated by the variation in uniformity
  • Apparatus for corrective drafting of strands rmade from discontinuous fibers comprising at least twofpairs of draft rolls, the strand traveling from one pair of draft' Y rolls to the other in succession, detecting means to measure variations in the uniformity of the strand, a variable speed drive for at least one of the pairs of draftrolls,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
US543397A 1955-10-28 1955-10-28 Apparatus for corrective drafting of strands of discontinuous fibers Expired - Lifetime US2930084A (en)

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US543397A US2930084A (en) 1955-10-28 1955-10-28 Apparatus for corrective drafting of strands of discontinuous fibers
FR1165080D FR1165080A (fr) 1955-10-28 1956-10-23 Dispositif correcteur d'étirage pour fils formés de fibres discontinues

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3087204A (en) * 1957-08-03 1963-04-30 Cotton Silk & Man Made Fibres Control device for use in processes wherein continuous lengths of materials are treated
US3099048A (en) * 1958-01-09 1963-07-30 Zellweger Uster Ag Apparatus for automatically controlling the drafting of elongate materials
DE1272784B (de) * 1960-08-13 1968-07-11 Cotton Silk & Man Made Fibres Verfahren zum Regulieren des Verzuges der Faserbahn in Spinnerei-Vorbereitungsmaschinen, insbesondere Schlagmaschinen
JPS5188612U (fr) * 1974-12-27 1976-07-15
JPS51102619U (fr) * 1975-02-15 1976-08-17
JPS51157625U (fr) * 1975-06-03 1976-12-15
JPS51157626U (fr) * 1975-09-05 1976-12-15
US5394591A (en) * 1990-09-26 1995-03-07 Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag Autoleveller drafting arrangement with mass fluctuation control
US5452626A (en) * 1993-03-12 1995-09-26 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag Process and device for the automatic adjustment of rotational speed ratios between operating elements of a draw frame
US5463556A (en) * 1992-06-17 1995-10-31 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag Process and device for control of an autoleveling draw frame
US5583781A (en) * 1991-06-04 1996-12-10 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag Process and device to correct the regulation onset point and the intensity of regulation
US5619773A (en) * 1993-01-25 1997-04-15 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag Draw frame

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1265631B (de) * 1958-10-07 1968-04-04 Cotton Silk & Man Made Fibres Vorrichtung zum Vergleichmaessigen von Fasergut in einer Schlagmaschine oder einem Regulierstreckwerk fuer Spinnereimaschinen

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2407100A (en) * 1943-06-26 1946-09-03 Gen Electric Drafting of fibers
US2648502A (en) * 1949-05-31 1953-08-11 Lev A Trofimov Power winding of strip material
US2682144A (en) * 1947-03-18 1954-06-29 Deering Milliken Res Trust Control method and means
US2812553A (en) * 1954-06-24 1957-11-12 Ind Res Inst Of The University Textile machine device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2407100A (en) * 1943-06-26 1946-09-03 Gen Electric Drafting of fibers
US2682144A (en) * 1947-03-18 1954-06-29 Deering Milliken Res Trust Control method and means
US2648502A (en) * 1949-05-31 1953-08-11 Lev A Trofimov Power winding of strip material
US2812553A (en) * 1954-06-24 1957-11-12 Ind Res Inst Of The University Textile machine device

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3087204A (en) * 1957-08-03 1963-04-30 Cotton Silk & Man Made Fibres Control device for use in processes wherein continuous lengths of materials are treated
US3099048A (en) * 1958-01-09 1963-07-30 Zellweger Uster Ag Apparatus for automatically controlling the drafting of elongate materials
DE1272784B (de) * 1960-08-13 1968-07-11 Cotton Silk & Man Made Fibres Verfahren zum Regulieren des Verzuges der Faserbahn in Spinnerei-Vorbereitungsmaschinen, insbesondere Schlagmaschinen
JPS5188612U (fr) * 1974-12-27 1976-07-15
JPS5938451Y2 (ja) * 1975-02-15 1984-10-26 三菱電機株式会社 繊維の厚さを制御する装置
JPS51102619U (fr) * 1975-02-15 1976-08-17
JPS51157625U (fr) * 1975-06-03 1976-12-15
JPS51157626U (fr) * 1975-09-05 1976-12-15
JPS5627250Y2 (fr) * 1975-09-05 1981-06-29
US5394591A (en) * 1990-09-26 1995-03-07 Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag Autoleveller drafting arrangement with mass fluctuation control
US5583781A (en) * 1991-06-04 1996-12-10 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag Process and device to correct the regulation onset point and the intensity of regulation
US5463556A (en) * 1992-06-17 1995-10-31 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag Process and device for control of an autoleveling draw frame
US5619773A (en) * 1993-01-25 1997-04-15 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag Draw frame
US5452626A (en) * 1993-03-12 1995-09-26 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag Process and device for the automatic adjustment of rotational speed ratios between operating elements of a draw frame

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FR1165080A (fr) 1958-10-17

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