US2916963A - Apparatus for testing light discrimination - Google Patents

Apparatus for testing light discrimination Download PDF

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Publication number
US2916963A
US2916963A US498394A US49839455A US2916963A US 2916963 A US2916963 A US 2916963A US 498394 A US498394 A US 498394A US 49839455 A US49839455 A US 49839455A US 2916963 A US2916963 A US 2916963A
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United States
Prior art keywords
compartments
partition wall
light
brightness
compartment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US498394A
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English (en)
Inventor
Maarten A Bouman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
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Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A61B3/06—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing light sensitivity, e.g. adaptation; for testing colour vision
    • A61B3/066—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing light sensitivity, e.g. adaptation; for testing colour vision for testing colour vision

Definitions

  • My invention relates to an apparatus for examining the discriminating capacity of human beings between light of different intensity and of ditferent colour.
  • the main object of my invention is a novel and simple apparatus by means of which several stimuli can be compared simultaneously.
  • the apparatus consists essentially of two compartments separated by a thin partition wall.
  • the walls of the compartments are covered with a diffusely reflecting white paint as used in photometer spheres-for example zincoxideand provided with openings through which light of adjustable intensity and adjustable colour can be admitted.
  • a diffusely reflecting white paint as used in photometer spheres-for example zincoxideand provided with openings through which light of adjustable intensity and adjustable colour can be admitted.
  • the partition wall holes are provided which are so small and close to each other that from some distance they cannot be seen separately.
  • openings are arranged in recognizable, for instance geometrical configurations, which may be rectangles or other simple geometrical configurations.
  • a part of the wall of one of the compartments is left open, so that a window or opening is formed through which the partition wall can be seen.
  • the partition wall contains a number of geometrical configurations constituted by perforations which hereafter will be referred to as test areas.
  • the arrangement of the holes is preferably identical for the individual configurations but the size of the holes in the individual configurations is different.
  • a person placed at some distance before the apparatus sees the light reflected by the partition wall and the light passing through the openings, which comes from the compartment behind the partition wall. If the illumination in the back compartment is the same as in the front compartment the configurations cannot be seen by the observer. If the luminous intensities of the walls of both compartments are slightly different some of the configurations can be seen and the number of configurations which can be seen is a measure of the capacity of the observer to discriminate between light of different intensity.
  • My invention is further illustrated by a drawing Wherein two embodiments of my new apparatus are shown.
  • Fig. l is a general View of a first embodiment of the apparatus.
  • Fig. 2 is a top view, partly in section of the apparatus.
  • Fig. 3 is a general view of a second embodiment.
  • Fig. 4 is a detail of the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • l is a box
  • 2 is'a slidable partition which can be adjusted.
  • this partition a number of rectangles 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are shown, provided with holes which in every individual rectangle are of the same size but of different sizes in the several rectangles.
  • the side walls a number of openings are made which can be obscured partially or wholly by adjustable lids 11.
  • An incandescent lamp 9 is situated in front of the openings 8 so that the light emerging from this lamp is distributed over both compartments.
  • a milk glass plate is provided in order to promote the uniform distribution of the light.
  • the difference in the intensity of the illumination is made smaller, egg. by adjusting the slides 11, the number of test areas which can be distinguished from the surrounding part of the partition wall becomes less and less.
  • the number of test areas which can be seen at a predetermined slight difference of brightness in the compartments gives a reliable indication of the discriminating capacity of the observer with respect to intensity differences.
  • the small openings in the partition wall are made so that the width thereof at the backside of the partition wall is larger than at the frontside. Under these circumstances the walls of these holes are not visible.
  • the configurations constituted by the arrangement of the holes in the partition wall need not be squares or, other simple geometric configurations but can be letters or ciphers, subjected however to the condition that they,
  • the line C C corresponding with the colour of the test area depends in a well known manner on the colour and the intensities of the illumination of the wall in the back compartment and the frontside of the partition.
  • the diameter of the holes in the partition wall may vary fromabout 0.1 to about 1 mm. and the centers of the holes may be 1.5 mm. apart from each other.
  • the area of the partition wall comprising the test areas was x centimetres, the test areas themselves measuring 1 x 5 cm.
  • the test areas are separated by non-perforated strips of the partition wall.
  • the opening 12 is of such sizethat when observed from a distance of about 5 metres the light from six test areas reaches theeyes of the observer.
  • a can hardly be made larger than /z.
  • the test area must cover a larger'part of the line C 'C than for the region of a fraction of the test area may be blackened. If for instance the fraction of the test area corresponding to the holes is on a fraction s may be blackened.
  • B the brightness of the surroundings of the test area and B the brightness of the walls of the back compart ment
  • B the brightness of the walls of the back compart ment
  • Fig. 3 is of the same general type as that of Fig. 1.
  • the shape of the compartmentsin this case, however, ' is nearly spherical in order to'improve the uniformity of the illumination (brightne's's)'..
  • Fig. 1 there are a' front compartment indicated by 30 and aback compartment 31.
  • a fiat partition wall 32 is arrangedwh'ich isprovided with a number of test areas 33 of the same type as alreadyhave been described in connection with Fig. 1.
  • the partition wall 32 is slidably mounted in suitable guides 34,35.
  • the part 36 of the back compartment opposite the partition wall is flattened.
  • the opening 37 in the front compartment, the part of the partition wall between the spheres 3t) and 31' and the flattened part 36 have the same sizev and shape.
  • the shapes of both spherical compartments are identical. .To compensate forthe loss of brightness in the front compartment 30-,
  • the lightqof fourincandescent lamps is introduced by. means of optical systems having their focus at 38 and 39 respectively. Preferably this focus should be located as nearly oppositeas possible to the test areas and the-flattened part 36 respectively in order to obtain the greatest possible brightness combined with auniform illumination of said parts o e mpa men s- 1
  • the incandescent lamps of which only two are shown in each of the compartments are indicated at 40, 41 and 42, 43.
  • each of the lamps an optical system is located consisting of a condenser lens 50, a filter 51 and a polaroid 52.
  • a polaroid an adjustablediaphragm or' a neutral wedge maybe used.
  • the currents in the lamps may be adjustable. All optical systems are of the same type and a description of the remaining systems is therefore superfluous.
  • the optical systems are mounted in tubular members 53 which are welded on the outer surface of the compartments.
  • the boxes 44 and 45 wherein the lamps are-mounted are provided with holes at 54, 55 and 56, 57 respectively.
  • Bars 58 and 59 extend through the holes 54, 5S and 56, 57 and carry the boxes 44 and 45.
  • a rotatable member 60 is mounted in the box 45 .
  • This member has the shape shown in Fig. 4.
  • a third compartment is provided. This compartment is illuminated by a number of incandescent lamps 66, 65 and the inner surfaces are painted white, whereas the surfaces 68 and 69 areblackcried for obvious reasons.
  • the brightness of the inner surfaces of the third compartment is adjusted so as to be equal to the brightness ofthe spheres 30 and 31.
  • Circle 61 represents the lamp producing White light and the other circles represent the lamps producing coloured light.
  • the white lamp and one of the coloured lamps are turned on and then the member 60 is rotated.
  • the intensities of the lamps are adjusted until the flickering is reduced to a minimum.
  • the brightnesses of the white illumination and the coloured illumination are the same. Obviously the equality of the brightness thus obtained has a subjective character and as a rule will be different for different human beings.
  • An apparatus for testing light discrimination comprising two adjacent compartments, a partition dividing said compartments, said partition having groups'of a plurality of small perforations arranged in recognizableconfigurations, the perforations comprising each group being of equal diameter and the perforations being of different diameters for each group, a viewing opening in one of said compartments opposite said partition, said partition beingdirectly viewable from said viewing opening, means for. illuminating each of said compartments, and means for adjustin said illumination whereby diiferent light;

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
  • Pinball Game Machines (AREA)
US498394A 1954-04-03 1955-03-31 Apparatus for testing light discrimination Expired - Lifetime US2916963A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL785796X 1954-04-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2916963A true US2916963A (en) 1959-12-15

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US498394A Expired - Lifetime US2916963A (en) 1954-04-03 1955-03-31 Apparatus for testing light discrimination

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US2916963A (de)
DE (1) DE1017742B (de)
FR (1) FR1121789A (de)
GB (1) GB785796A (de)
NL (1) NL84710C (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3425772A (en) * 1966-10-07 1969-02-04 Harold Y Minas Method for testing the sensitivity of eyes to light
US3807838A (en) * 1973-01-10 1974-04-30 Madison College Foundation Inc Color vision photometer
US4523852A (en) * 1983-06-09 1985-06-18 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Color comparison reference standard and method for using same
EP3524135A1 (de) * 2018-02-13 2019-08-14 Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique) Binokulare optoelektronisches wearable-vorrichtung zur messung der lichtempfindlichkeitsschwelle eines benutzers

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3087378A (en) * 1958-05-08 1963-04-30 World Magnetics Inc Device for testing eyes
DE9100027U1 (de) * 1991-01-03 1991-03-21 Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, 6330 Wetzlar Anomaloskop

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189819087A (en) * 1898-09-07 1899-07-08 Charles William Scott Crawley Illumination Photometer.
US643184A (en) * 1899-04-03 1900-02-13 Joseph Bijur Apparatus for measuring and comparing illumination.
US1494548A (en) * 1923-05-02 1924-05-20 Western Electric Co Photometer
US1564495A (en) * 1923-04-12 1925-12-08 American Optical Corp Astigmatic testing device
US1795752A (en) * 1929-05-16 1931-03-10 Zeiss Carl Fa Apparatus for testing light sense
DE690378C (de) * 1935-06-04 1940-04-24 Paul Gossen Anordnung zur stufenweisen Abschirmung eines strahlenempfindlichen Materials
US2453335A (en) * 1943-11-09 1948-11-09 Eastman Kodak Co Color blindness chart for detecting anomalous vision, deuteranopes, protanopes, tritanopes, and monochromats
US2501446A (en) * 1947-04-08 1950-03-21 Richard W Justice Light polarizing apparatus for analyzing pictures
US2674153A (en) * 1951-05-22 1954-04-06 Keystone View Company Vision classifier instrument

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR616604A (fr) * 1925-05-25 1927-02-05 Perfectionnements apportés aux moyens d'évaluation de lacuité visuelle
US2240156A (en) * 1937-07-17 1941-04-29 Jacob B Feldman Apparatus for determining the minimum light visible
US2224564A (en) * 1938-06-22 1940-12-10 Silva Harry R De Apparatus for ascertaining vision sensitivities

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189819087A (en) * 1898-09-07 1899-07-08 Charles William Scott Crawley Illumination Photometer.
US643184A (en) * 1899-04-03 1900-02-13 Joseph Bijur Apparatus for measuring and comparing illumination.
US1564495A (en) * 1923-04-12 1925-12-08 American Optical Corp Astigmatic testing device
US1494548A (en) * 1923-05-02 1924-05-20 Western Electric Co Photometer
US1795752A (en) * 1929-05-16 1931-03-10 Zeiss Carl Fa Apparatus for testing light sense
DE690378C (de) * 1935-06-04 1940-04-24 Paul Gossen Anordnung zur stufenweisen Abschirmung eines strahlenempfindlichen Materials
US2453335A (en) * 1943-11-09 1948-11-09 Eastman Kodak Co Color blindness chart for detecting anomalous vision, deuteranopes, protanopes, tritanopes, and monochromats
US2501446A (en) * 1947-04-08 1950-03-21 Richard W Justice Light polarizing apparatus for analyzing pictures
US2674153A (en) * 1951-05-22 1954-04-06 Keystone View Company Vision classifier instrument

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3425772A (en) * 1966-10-07 1969-02-04 Harold Y Minas Method for testing the sensitivity of eyes to light
US3807838A (en) * 1973-01-10 1974-04-30 Madison College Foundation Inc Color vision photometer
US4523852A (en) * 1983-06-09 1985-06-18 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Color comparison reference standard and method for using same
EP3524135A1 (de) * 2018-02-13 2019-08-14 Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique) Binokulare optoelektronisches wearable-vorrichtung zur messung der lichtempfindlichkeitsschwelle eines benutzers
WO2019158582A1 (en) * 2018-02-13 2019-08-22 Essilor International Wearable binocular optoelectronic device for measuring light sensitivity threshold of a user
US11826100B2 (en) 2018-02-13 2023-11-28 Essilor International Wearable binocular optoelectronic device for measuring light sensitivity threshold of a user

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB785796A (en) 1957-11-06
DE1017742B (de) 1957-10-17
FR1121789A (fr) 1956-08-27
NL84710C (de)

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