US2911312A - Non-toxic aluminum enamel frits - Google Patents

Non-toxic aluminum enamel frits Download PDF

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Publication number
US2911312A
US2911312A US632662A US63266257A US2911312A US 2911312 A US2911312 A US 2911312A US 632662 A US632662 A US 632662A US 63266257 A US63266257 A US 63266257A US 2911312 A US2911312 A US 2911312A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
weight
enamel
aluminum
frit
toxic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US632662A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lewis C Hoffman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE570850D priority Critical patent/BE570850A/xx
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority to US632662A priority patent/US2911312A/en
Priority to GB474/58A priority patent/GB824527A/en
Priority to FR1197756D priority patent/FR1197756A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2911312A publication Critical patent/US2911312A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
    • C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
    • C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
    • C03C8/04—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
    • C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
    • C03C8/10—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead
    • C03C8/12—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead containing titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2207/00—Compositions specially applicable for the manufacture of vitreous enamels
    • C03C2207/08—Compositions specially applicable for the manufacture of vitreous enamels for light metals

Definitions

  • This invention relates to new non-toxic aluminum 0.1% byz weigh t M116 enamel frits. More particularly, it relates to the forma- 1% by weight o tron on aluminum and aluminum alloy articles of hard 05% by weight p o vitreous enamel coatings which will be non-toxic in use, 10% by weight o and 1111912 certfain improved novel vitreous enamel frits to 43% b weight 1:0
  • Table 3 discloses t er o 16:t o 0 5 a F weight percent composition of batches for the production factory Qlethod of enamellflg alumfnum and a-hfmlnum of the respective enamel frits shown in Tables 1 and 2.
  • alloys Wlth such 5 9 11911401510 enamel
  • other suitable batch compoother oblwts 0f mvelftlon W111 pp herfilnaftelfi 5 sitions may be used in making the respective frits of Ta-
  • the objects of th1s mvent1on may be aecompllshed by bles 1 and 2, the raw materials being calculated to yield. the preparation of a non-toxic, substantially lead-less the desired frit composition.
  • the aluminum article is immersed in this bath, heated to a temperature of 60 C., for a period of two to ten minutes.
  • the pretreated surface is then preferably fired for a period of two to thirty minutes at a temperature between 480 C. and 580 C.
  • the optimum conditions as white or colored pigments, opacifying agents, or the of chromate pretreatment and firing will depend largely upon the composition of the aluminum alloy to be treated. In the case of any particular aluminum alloy, it can readily be determined whether or not sufficient enamel adherence to insure against water-spalling is obtained by is can be determined by means of the following accelerated test which correlates with water exposure results which may take weeks or months.
  • This accelerated test consists in chromale-treating and enameling pieces of the particular alloy
  • Such vehicles are, for exto be tested, and then exposing the enamel-metal interface by gouging, filing, or scratching the same, and immersing the test sample in 5% aqueous ammonium chloride solution for ninety-six hours at room temperature. If no failure occurs back one-ei hth inch from the enameled are first cleaned, if necessary, by treatment edge of the exposed interface, excellent performance in water exposure will result from the chromate treatment and enameling conditions used. The particular optimum treatment and enameling conditions for a specific alloy can thereby be established.
  • chromate prefarably above about 10%, ex-
  • the followhromate pretreatment has been found very satisafew percent of the rr Sh d rc Pd 6 .5 m m m mm b 2 M S r m O S a f m u u e w e m o s 0 m1 t m m o l.m m m s 0 s no. at 11 0 e a m :7 e U f.
  • the firing conditions are not critical, except that the article must be brought to a temperature high enough to melt the enamel but not so high that the metal article will be injured.
  • the temperature necessary de pends to some extent on the particular aluminum alloy being enameled and upon the particular enamel composition being used. It is not generally necessary to employ'a temperature above about 550 C. and, inmost cases, the enamel may be satisfactorily fused at a temperature between 490 C. and 550 C. It is merely necessary to keep the article a t'the selected temperature for a few minutes to permit the enamel to fuse completely to a uniform, adherent, vitreous layer. Several coats may be applied, if desired.
  • the enamels of this invention have surprisingly low fusion points despite the fact that they do not contain any substantial quantity of lead. Moreover, these enamels have a degree of resistance to chemical agents which was not believed possible for a substantially lead-free enamel.
  • enamels adhere exceedingly well to aluminum or aluminum alloy surfaces even when exposed to thermal shocks or considerable mechanical flexing of the metal.
  • the following examples are given to illustrate certain preferred procedures for the enameling of aluminum and aluminum alloys.
  • Example I Aluminum alloy sheet stock composed of aluminum alloy 61 (containing, by weight, 0.25% copper, 0.6% silicon, 1.0% magnesium, and 2.5% chromium) is immersed for two minutes in a bath heated to 60 C. and consisting of the following:
  • the liquid and solid contents of the slurry are mixed in such proportions that the sheet after dipping in the slurry and draining will contain approximately 0.5 gram per square inch of surface.
  • the enamel is fired at a temperature of 500 C. for nine minutes.
  • the resulting enamel will have optimum properties; for example, it will be glossy and of a pleasing white color, which will adhere tenaciously to the substrate in life testing and in accelerated testing and it will be substantially unaffected by 10% citric acid in fifteen minutes, and will resist indefinitely the attack of a 10% household detergent solution at boiling temperature.
  • Example II The process of Example I was repeated using a chromate pretreatment solution containing and the use of a frit having the following composition:
  • Example I The other conditions of Example I were followed as set forth in that example. The results were approximately identical to the results therein set forth.
  • a non-toxic vitreous enamel frit having a maturing temperature of 490 C. to 550 C. suitable for the enameling of aluminum and aluminum alloys at least 70% of which consists of 22% to 35% TiO, by weight 14% to 29% SiO, by weight 17% to 26% Na,0 by weight 1% to 3% Li 0 by weight said frit containing less than 0.1% NiO by weight 0.1% MnO by weight 1.0% C00 by weight 4.0% A1 05 by weight 11.0% 13,0, by weight 2.0% ZnO by weight 30.0% BaO by weight 4.0% CaO by weight 4.0% ZrO, by weight 0.5% PbO by weight 11.0% K 0 by weight said frit consistingvessentially of the above-named ingledients, all of which are melted together to form the 2.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
US632662A 1957-01-07 1957-01-07 Non-toxic aluminum enamel frits Expired - Lifetime US2911312A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE570850D BE570850A (en)) 1957-01-07
US632662A US2911312A (en) 1957-01-07 1957-01-07 Non-toxic aluminum enamel frits
GB474/58A GB824527A (en) 1957-01-07 1958-01-06 Improvements in or relating to vitreous enamel frits
FR1197756D FR1197756A (fr) 1957-01-07 1958-01-07 Frittes d'émail non toxiques pour l'aluminium

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US632662A US2911312A (en) 1957-01-07 1957-01-07 Non-toxic aluminum enamel frits

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2911312A true US2911312A (en) 1959-11-03

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Family Applications (1)

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US632662A Expired - Lifetime US2911312A (en) 1957-01-07 1957-01-07 Non-toxic aluminum enamel frits

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US (1) US2911312A (en))
BE (1) BE570850A (en))
FR (1) FR1197756A (en))
GB (1) GB824527A (en))

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3240661A (en) * 1962-05-17 1966-03-15 Owens Illinois Glass Co High expansion glass, and seals
US3256136A (en) * 1961-05-11 1966-06-14 Cons Electrodynamics Corp Ceramic material
US3343984A (en) * 1962-07-06 1967-09-26 Anaconda Wire & Cable Co Electrical apparatus, insulating composition therefor and method of making the same
US3383225A (en) * 1955-11-07 1968-05-14 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Acid-resistant enamels
US3502489A (en) * 1967-04-28 1970-03-24 Du Pont Metalizing compositions fireable in an inert atmosphere
US4240837A (en) * 1980-01-14 1980-12-23 Ferro Corporation Cadmium glass having low cadmium oxide solubility
US6475939B1 (en) 1998-04-17 2002-11-05 Ferro France - S.A.R.L. Porcelain enamel for aluminized steel
CN106011971A (zh) * 2016-05-26 2016-10-12 浙江工业大学 一种在钛合金表面制备陶瓷膜/釉膜复合涂层的方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2414633A (en) * 1944-01-15 1947-01-21 Ferro Enamel Corp Porcelain enamel
US2660531A (en) * 1948-06-01 1953-11-24 Fraser Reginald Percy Production of vitreous glazes or enamels for coating metals
US2662020A (en) * 1950-05-26 1953-12-08 United Aircraft Corp Refractory vitreous ceramic coating material
US2753271A (en) * 1952-08-01 1956-07-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Vitreous enamels and enameling processes

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2414633A (en) * 1944-01-15 1947-01-21 Ferro Enamel Corp Porcelain enamel
US2660531A (en) * 1948-06-01 1953-11-24 Fraser Reginald Percy Production of vitreous glazes or enamels for coating metals
US2662020A (en) * 1950-05-26 1953-12-08 United Aircraft Corp Refractory vitreous ceramic coating material
US2753271A (en) * 1952-08-01 1956-07-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Vitreous enamels and enameling processes

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3383225A (en) * 1955-11-07 1968-05-14 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Acid-resistant enamels
US3256136A (en) * 1961-05-11 1966-06-14 Cons Electrodynamics Corp Ceramic material
US3240661A (en) * 1962-05-17 1966-03-15 Owens Illinois Glass Co High expansion glass, and seals
US3343984A (en) * 1962-07-06 1967-09-26 Anaconda Wire & Cable Co Electrical apparatus, insulating composition therefor and method of making the same
US3502489A (en) * 1967-04-28 1970-03-24 Du Pont Metalizing compositions fireable in an inert atmosphere
US4240837A (en) * 1980-01-14 1980-12-23 Ferro Corporation Cadmium glass having low cadmium oxide solubility
US6475939B1 (en) 1998-04-17 2002-11-05 Ferro France - S.A.R.L. Porcelain enamel for aluminized steel
CN106011971A (zh) * 2016-05-26 2016-10-12 浙江工业大学 一种在钛合金表面制备陶瓷膜/釉膜复合涂层的方法

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Publication number Publication date
BE570850A (en))
FR1197756A (fr) 1959-12-02
GB824527A (en) 1959-12-02

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