US2902367A - Photographic developer antioxidant - Google Patents
Photographic developer antioxidant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2902367A US2902367A US705145A US70514557A US2902367A US 2902367 A US2902367 A US 2902367A US 705145 A US705145 A US 705145A US 70514557 A US70514557 A US 70514557A US 2902367 A US2902367 A US 2902367A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sodium
- developer
- photographic
- hydroquinone
- liter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- DETXZQGDWUJKMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxymethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OCS(O)(=O)=O DETXZQGDWUJKMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229960002645 boric acid Drugs 0.000 description 8
- -1 boron anhydride Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- MQRJBSHKWOFOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carbonate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O MQRJBSHKWOFOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metaborate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]B=O NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001638 boron Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229940001593 sodium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001513 alkali metal bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZVNPWFOVUDMGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylaminophenol sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZVNPWFOVUDMGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGTPKLINSHNZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoborinic acid Chemical compound OB=O VGTPKLINSHNZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenidone Chemical compound N1C(=O)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940076133 sodium carbonate monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
- C07D263/52—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D263/54—Benzoxazoles; Hydrogenated benzoxazoles
- C07D263/58—Benzoxazoles; Hydrogenated benzoxazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
- C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D263/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D263/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D263/46—Sulfur atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
- C07D277/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D277/62—Benzothiazoles
- C07D277/68—Benzothiazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 2
- C07D277/70—Sulfur atoms
- C07D277/74—Sulfur atoms substituted by carbon atoms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/34—Fog-inhibitors; Stabilisers; Agents inhibiting latent image regression
- G03C1/346—Organic derivatives of bivalent sulfur, selenium or tellurium
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
- G03C5/305—Additives other than developers
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improvement in photographic developer solutions, particularly those used in the graphic arts which are characterized by a low sulfite content.
- Sodium sulfite which is the antioxidant and stabilizing agent commonly used in developing solutions, must be omitted entirely or used only in very small amounts in the graphic arts types of developers, since a quantity sufficient to prevent oxidation would impair the gradation or destroy the proper developing action of the developer.
- boron acid including boron anhydride, boric acid, the polyboric acids and the water soluble salts of such boron acids as illustrated by orthoboric acid, metaboric acid, boric anhydride, sodium metaborate or sodium tetraborate, particularly borax.
- boron acid including boron anhydride, boric acid, the polyboric acids and the water soluble salts of such boron acids as illustrated by orthoboric acid, metaboric acid, boric anhydride, sodium metaborate or sodium tetraborate, particularly borax.
- the optimum concentration of the boron compound expressed in terms of boric acid lies in the range of from 5 to 25 grams per liter, an amount of from 10 to 20 grams per liter being preferred.
- boric acid the equivalent weights (molar equivalents) of alkali metal salts of boric acid such as borax or sodium metaborate are equally effective.
- the oxidation inhibiting action of borate ions is very selective; it is limited to developers which contain hydroquinone as the sole developing agent and ineffective with the other hydroxybenzene developing agents such as pyrogallol and catechol. It is also ineifective in the presence of other conventional agents such as metol and phenidone which are often used in combination with hydroquinone.
- the stabilizing action of boron compounds likewise drops off sharply as the concentration of sodium sulfite is increased while the stabilizing action is still efi icient at a concentration of 5.0 grams of sodium sulfite per liter; it is virtually nonexistent when the sodium sulfite concentration exceeds 10.0 grams per liter.
- the developers which are contemplated herein contain as their essential components hydroquinone as sole developing agent, an alkali such as sodium carbonate either alone or together with sodium hydroxide and an antifogging agent taken from the group of alkali metal bromides. They contain also a very small amount of sulfite, not exceeding 5.0 grams per liter, either through direct additions or furnished through the partial dissociation of formaldehyde-bisulfite which is used in lithographic developers. The amount of suliite present in lithographic developers prepared from formaldehyde-bisulfite is determined by a quantitative analysis and expressed in terms of anhydrous sulfite and was found not to exceed 1.5 grams per liter.
- This developer was stored in an open tray and after four hours showed no significant changes in photographic characteristics due to aerial oxidation.
- a type developer prepared without boric acid but otherwise identical and having the same photographic properties was stored under the same conditions and for the same length of time, the solution turned dark brown and its photographic activity was virtually destroyed.
- Example III Grams Hydroquinone 22.5 Sodium su-lfite 5.0 Sodium carbonate, monohydrate 75.0 Borax- 15.0 Potassium bromide 3.0 Water to make 1.0 liter.
- Example IV Grams Hydroquinone. 15.0 Formaldehyde bisulfite 50.0 Sodium. carbonate 20.0 Sodium metaborate 20.0 Potassium bromide 1.5 Water to. make 1.0 liter.
- This developer can be used in an open tray for an entire working day of eight hours without deterioration due to aerial oxidation.
- the metaborate was omitted from. the formula, the solution turned dark brown and it's photographic activity was virtually destroyed after four hours.
- Example V Grams Hydroquinone 15.0 Formaldehyde bisulfite 40.0 Sodium: carbonate, monohydrate 70.0 Sodium bromide 1.0 Boric anhydride 8.0 Water to make 1.0 liter.
- Example VI Grams Hydroquinone 15,0 Formaldehyde bisulfite 45.0 Sodium. carbonate, monohydrate 55.0 Borax. 17 Sodium bromide 1,1 Water to make 1.0 liter.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Thiazole And Isothizaole Compounds (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE572846D BE572846A (en, 2012) | 1957-12-26 | ||
| US705145A US2902367A (en) | 1957-12-26 | 1957-12-26 | Photographic developer antioxidant |
| US705151A US3042521A (en) | 1957-12-26 | 1957-12-26 | Antifoggants and stabilizers for photographic silver halide emulsion |
| DEG26026A DE1093205B (de) | 1957-12-26 | 1958-12-23 | Antischleier- und Stabilisierungsmittel fuer lichtempfindliches photographisches Material |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US705145A US2902367A (en) | 1957-12-26 | 1957-12-26 | Photographic developer antioxidant |
| US705151A US3042521A (en) | 1957-12-26 | 1957-12-26 | Antifoggants and stabilizers for photographic silver halide emulsion |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2902367A true US2902367A (en) | 1959-09-01 |
Family
ID=27107440
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US705145A Expired - Lifetime US2902367A (en) | 1957-12-26 | 1957-12-26 | Photographic developer antioxidant |
| US705151A Expired - Lifetime US3042521A (en) | 1957-12-26 | 1957-12-26 | Antifoggants and stabilizers for photographic silver halide emulsion |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US705151A Expired - Lifetime US3042521A (en) | 1957-12-26 | 1957-12-26 | Antifoggants and stabilizers for photographic silver halide emulsion |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US2902367A (en, 2012) |
| BE (1) | BE572846A (en, 2012) |
| DE (1) | DE1093205B (en, 2012) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3030209A (en) * | 1958-07-02 | 1962-04-17 | Eastman Kodak Co | High-contrast photographic silver chloride emulsions and method of processing |
| US3128180A (en) * | 1958-07-02 | 1964-04-07 | Eastman Kodak Co | Hardened high-contrast photographic silver chloride emulsions and method of processing |
| US3158483A (en) * | 1957-03-08 | 1964-11-24 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic developers containing polyalkylene glycols |
| US3212895A (en) * | 1960-12-20 | 1965-10-19 | Eastman Kodak Co | Stability of rapid-processed photographic materials |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3206308A (en) * | 1959-12-28 | 1965-09-14 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic stratum transfer process and developing compositions therefor |
| BE630118A (en, 2012) * | 1962-03-29 | |||
| US3189448A (en) * | 1962-08-22 | 1965-06-15 | Eastman Kodak Co | Developing compositions used in photographic transfer processes |
| US3808005A (en) * | 1968-02-22 | 1974-04-30 | Agfa Gevaert Nv | Silver halide emulsion stabilized with a bidentate heterocyclic compound containing a sulpho or a carboxyl group |
| US3732103A (en) * | 1971-05-03 | 1973-05-08 | Eastman Kodak Co | Silver halide emulsions containing alkyl selenols and thiols as antifoggants |
| USRE28668E (en) * | 1971-05-03 | 1975-12-30 | Silver halide emulsions containing alkyl selenols and thiols as antifoggants | |
| JPS5394927A (en) * | 1977-01-28 | 1978-08-19 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Color photographic processing method |
| US5415992A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1995-05-16 | Eastman Kodak Company | Heat stabilized silver chloride photographic emulsions containing phosphine compounds |
| US5443947A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1995-08-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Heat stabilized silver chloride photographic emulsions containing thiosulfonate/sulfinate compounds |
| EP0655643A1 (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1995-05-31 | Eastman Kodak Company | Heat stabilized silver chloride photographic emulsions containing sulfur donors and sulfinate compounds |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2313523A (en) * | 1940-06-18 | 1943-03-09 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic material |
| GB643411A (en) * | 1947-03-06 | 1950-09-20 | Du Pont | Improvements in or relating to photographic developers |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL49334C (en, 2012) * | 1935-08-07 | |||
| FR973727A (fr) * | 1947-10-16 | 1951-02-14 | Photo Produits Gevaert S A | Procédé pour la production d'émulsions photographiques à l'halogénure d'argent |
| BE486662A (en, 2012) * | 1948-01-13 | |||
| BE520287A (en, 2012) * | 1952-05-31 | |||
| BE555210A (en, 2012) * | 1956-02-23 | |||
| US2915395A (en) * | 1957-02-15 | 1959-12-01 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Antifogging agents for light sensitive paper emulsions |
-
0
- BE BE572846D patent/BE572846A/xx unknown
-
1957
- 1957-12-26 US US705145A patent/US2902367A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1957-12-26 US US705151A patent/US3042521A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1958
- 1958-12-23 DE DEG26026A patent/DE1093205B/de active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2313523A (en) * | 1940-06-18 | 1943-03-09 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic material |
| GB643411A (en) * | 1947-03-06 | 1950-09-20 | Du Pont | Improvements in or relating to photographic developers |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3158483A (en) * | 1957-03-08 | 1964-11-24 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic developers containing polyalkylene glycols |
| US3030209A (en) * | 1958-07-02 | 1962-04-17 | Eastman Kodak Co | High-contrast photographic silver chloride emulsions and method of processing |
| US3128180A (en) * | 1958-07-02 | 1964-04-07 | Eastman Kodak Co | Hardened high-contrast photographic silver chloride emulsions and method of processing |
| US3212895A (en) * | 1960-12-20 | 1965-10-19 | Eastman Kodak Co | Stability of rapid-processed photographic materials |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US3042521A (en) | 1962-07-03 |
| DE1093205B (de) | 1960-11-17 |
| BE572846A (en, 2012) |
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