US2891189A - Gas-filled electric incandescent lamp - Google Patents

Gas-filled electric incandescent lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
US2891189A
US2891189A US654546A US65454657A US2891189A US 2891189 A US2891189 A US 2891189A US 654546 A US654546 A US 654546A US 65454657 A US65454657 A US 65454657A US 2891189 A US2891189 A US 2891189A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
lamp
filament
lamps
xenon
nitrogen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US654546A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bud Pal
Theisz Emil
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Egyesuelt Izzolampa es Villamossagi Rt
Original Assignee
Egyesuelt Izzolampa es Villamossagi Rt
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Application filed by Egyesuelt Izzolampa es Villamossagi Rt filed Critical Egyesuelt Izzolampa es Villamossagi Rt
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Publication of US2891189A publication Critical patent/US2891189A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/02—Incandescent bodies
    • H01K1/14—Incandescent bodies characterised by the shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/50—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified pressure thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/62—One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp
    • H01K1/66—One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp with built-in fuse

Definitions

  • This invention relates to gas-filled electric incandescent lamps, containing xenon and being provided with a coiled metal filament, especially to lamps with a high luminous efiiciency intended for special purposes and constructed to be used at low voltages, i.e. on voltages not surpassing 40 volts.
  • Electric incandescent lamps containing xenon and having a high luminous efficiency are known in the art, it being also known that their luminous efliciency, expressed in lumen watt and calculated for an identical life, surpasses that of the lamps of vacuum type, respectively of lamps filled with argon, by about 20 respectively 30 percent.
  • This very favourable luminous efiiciency cannot be. satisfactorily utilized in actual working practice owing to the fact that a substantial percentage of such lamps cannot reach its rated life for which it was constructed and designed, because itsfilament burns out sooner. The reason of this undue shortening of the rated life of such lamps is that flash-over takes place along the filament.
  • lamps filled with pure or substantially pure xenon have not been used up to now in actual industrial practice, with the exception of lamps constructed for voltages of some volts below the ionisation voltage of xenon, in actual practice, lamps for voltages under 10 volts.
  • xenon is intended to designate not only pure or at least technically purexenon gas, but also gas mixtures consisting of rare gases and containing xenon as an overwhelming constituent, i.e. at least about 80% by volume of xenon, while the rest may consist of krypton, argon or a mixture of these.
  • gas mixtures of these rare gases present, from the point of view of the danger of flashover, approximately the same characteristics as pure xenon, and do not deteriorate the advantageous improvement of luminous efliciency obtainable by the use of pure xenon to a practically objectionable extent.
  • the gas mixture used as the filling :gas of the lamps according to the invention contains as much xenon as possible, as the admixture of. other rare and/or neutral gases of smaller molecular weight always causes some lessening of the luminous efficiency of the lamps, according to the well-known teachings of the specification of the Patent No. 2,060,657 already mentioned above.
  • the high price of pure or technically pure xenon amounting to a multiple of the price of the usual mixture of krypton and xenon, used for filling lamps with heavy rare gases in the majority of cases, and containing xenon only in about the same proportion to krypton as the atmospheric air, does not constitute an economical impediment to the use of the lamps according to the invention.
  • the invention is based on our discovery that the danger of flash-over in lamps containing xenon may be practically obviated in lamps burning at voltages below 40 volts by a suitable construction of the lamps, in conjunction with the use of a small percentage of nitrogen substantially below that which has been. found to be necessary up to now.
  • the electric incandescent lamp according to our invention comprises, in combination, a filling of xenon, a coiled metallic filament, usually tungsten filament, the rated voltage of the lamp being below 40 volts and the pressure (at room temperature) of the gas mixture filling the bulb being between 450 and 700 Torr, and the percentage of nitrogen in the gas mixture of the lamp being not below the value given by the equation wherein N designates the percentage by volume of nitrogen, V the rated voltage of the lamp and K a numerical factor, the value of which is between 3 and 4, depending on the pressure of the gas in the lamp, the values-of 3 resp. 4, being valid for pressures of 450 resp.
  • the minimum distance t between the nearest points of highest potential difference of the filament, respectively of the filament and one of its supports isnot below the value given by the equation wherein t designates said minimum distance in millimetres, V the rated voltage of the lamp, W the rated energy consumption of the lamp, burning at its rated voltage, in watts, and L/W the luminous efficiency of the lamp expressed in lumen/watt, measured at the rated voltage of the lamp and C a numerical factor, the value of which ranges, according to the construction and destination of thelamp, between 0.015 and 0.035.
  • the highest potential difference referred toabove is substantially equal to the rated voltage of the-lamp and that the distance t given by the equation may be surpassed to any practical extent without impairing thereby the lamp, whereas the value of the percentage of nitrogen should be kept, within the limits of practical manufacturing tolerances, at the value given by the equation, as surpassing this value deteriorates the luminous efficiency of the lamp, as is well known to those skilled in the art. 7
  • Figure 1 shows anembodiment of the lamp in a side elevational view, with part of the bulb broken away, resp. in section, for the sake of better illustration.
  • Figure 2 shows in a diagrammatical side elevational view, the' arrangement of the lead-in conductors and the filament of another lamp, and
  • Figure 3 shows in a diagrammatical side elevational view, the arrangement of the filament and screens of a special lamp, such as a lamp for a motor-car headlight.
  • the structure of the lamp shown by Figure 1 is the conventional one; the glass bulb I of the lamp being fastened to thecap' 2 in the usual manner, and containing as a filling gas, a mixture of xenon and nitrogen.
  • the lead-in conductors '3 and 4 support the coiled tungsten filament 5 disposed in a practically straight line between its points of connection with the conductors 3 and 4. It has been ascertained by our-experiments that the points of the filament between which flash-over is most liable to oc'cure are those points of the coiled part of the filament, between which the voltage difference is maximum, i.e. the points where the coiled part of the filament begins and ends. The distance between these points is designated on all the figures of the drawing by t.
  • thisdistance is, for identical lengths of coiled filament parts, shorter in case of the semicircularly arranged filament 6 of Figure 2 than for the straight filament 5 of Figure 1, the filaments being in both cases disposed substantially in a plane but along a straight line in Figure 1, and a curved line in Figure 2.
  • the lamp shown by Figure--1 is constructed for a rated voltage of 20 volts, and an energy consumption of 20 watts at this voltage, and has a luminous output of 340 lumens.
  • Its-bulb 1 contains xenon with an admixture of nitrogen at a pressure of 690 Torr. According to the equations stated above, the value of the distance t amounts to 9.3 millimetres, and the percentage of nitrogen to 3.75%.
  • the constructive rule provided by this invention is of special importance incase oftl amps having a light-reflecting metallic shield disposed close'to the filament, anfexample of the arrangement of the parts of such-a lamp ,part fi connected to the other end of the coil and acting as its support, whereas the other support 9 of the filament, although very'close to the support 8 on several places, presents no points dangerous as regards to flashover.
  • the lamps according to v tam-ma be constructed for various special purposes, especially as lamps of small size, such as are used in: railway vehicles, motor-cars, bicycles, motorcycles, miners lamps, sound-track illuminating lamps for-movie films, etc., and a substantial improvement of such special lamps of low rated voltages may be achieved by: means of this invention,
  • t designates said minimum distance in millimetres
  • V the rated voltage of the lamp
  • W the rated energy consumption of the lamp
  • L/W the luminous efficiency of the lamp expressed in lumen/watt
  • C a numerical factor of a value ranging between 0.015 and 0.035 and wherein said filament disposed substantially in a plane is electrically connected to a metallic shield disposed inside said bulb and said distance t lies between a coil of said filament and a metallic part electrically connected with said filament.

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  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
US654546A 1956-04-28 1957-04-23 Gas-filled electric incandescent lamp Expired - Lifetime US2891189A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HU830243X 1956-04-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2891189A true US2891189A (en) 1959-06-16

Family

ID=10980538

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US654546A Expired - Lifetime US2891189A (en) 1956-04-28 1957-04-23 Gas-filled electric incandescent lamp

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2891189A (es)
DE (1) DE1193599B (es)
FR (1) FR1173730A (es)
GB (1) GB830243A (es)
NL (1) NL216253A (es)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1985001833A1 (en) * 1983-10-14 1985-04-25 Duro-Test Corporation Incandescent lamp with high pressure rare gas filled tungsten-halogen element and transparent thick walled safety envelope
EP0140330A2 (en) * 1983-10-31 1985-05-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Miniature incandescent lamp
EP0508593A2 (en) * 1991-04-09 1992-10-14 Hayashibara, Ken Filling composition for incandescent lamp, and incandescent lamp containing the same and its use
US5207503A (en) * 1992-02-05 1993-05-04 Lucifer Lighting Company Xenon festoon style lamp

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2115480A (en) * 1934-01-23 1938-04-26 Pour Les Applic De L Electriei Incandescent electric lamp

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB373096A (en) * 1929-12-16 1932-05-19 Egyesuelt Izzolampa Improvements in or relating to gas-filled electric incandescent lamps
DE613523C (de) * 1933-07-10 1935-05-20 Philips Nv Elektrische Gluehlampe mit einer Krypton oder Xenon enthaltenden Gasfuellung

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2115480A (en) * 1934-01-23 1938-04-26 Pour Les Applic De L Electriei Incandescent electric lamp

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1985001833A1 (en) * 1983-10-14 1985-04-25 Duro-Test Corporation Incandescent lamp with high pressure rare gas filled tungsten-halogen element and transparent thick walled safety envelope
US4591752A (en) * 1983-10-14 1986-05-27 Duro-Test Corporation Incandescent lamp with high pressure rare gas filled tungsten-halogen element and transparent thick walled safety envelope
EP0140330A2 (en) * 1983-10-31 1985-05-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Miniature incandescent lamp
EP0140330A3 (en) * 1983-10-31 1986-01-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Miniature incandescent lamp
EP0508593A2 (en) * 1991-04-09 1992-10-14 Hayashibara, Ken Filling composition for incandescent lamp, and incandescent lamp containing the same and its use
EP0508593A3 (en) * 1991-04-09 1992-12-23 Hayashibara, Ken Filling composition for incandescent lamp, and incandescent lamp containing the same and its use
US5207503A (en) * 1992-02-05 1993-05-04 Lucifer Lighting Company Xenon festoon style lamp
WO1993016325A1 (en) * 1992-02-05 1993-08-19 Lucifer Lighting Company Xenon festoon style lamp

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL216253A (es)
GB830243A (en) 1960-03-16
FR1173730A (fr) 1959-03-02
DE1193599B (de) 1965-05-26

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