US2886432A - Aluminum foil for electrolytic condensers - Google Patents
Aluminum foil for electrolytic condensers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2886432A US2886432A US622287A US62228756A US2886432A US 2886432 A US2886432 A US 2886432A US 622287 A US622287 A US 622287A US 62228756 A US62228756 A US 62228756A US 2886432 A US2886432 A US 2886432A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- magnesium
- aluminum
- foil
- percent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 title description 17
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000866 electrolytic etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/042—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material
- H01G9/045—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
Definitions
- Our present invention relates to an aluminum foil for electrolytic condensers, which foil has to be roughened by etching before the subsequent coating with an oxide or other dielectric film.
- a preferred, well known chemical etching bath consists in 6 to 10 percent hydrochloride acid with an addition of ferric chloride.
- the aluminum foil according to our invention is characterized by the fact that it is made from purest aluminum of at least 99.98 percent with the usual amounts of silicon, iron and so on as impurities and contains beside these impurities 0.005 to 0.05 percent boron, 0.001 to 0.005 zinc and 0.0003 to 0.002 percent magnesium, the proportion of zinc to magnesium being greater than 2:1, preferably 3:1 to 4: 1.
- the content of boron, zinc and magnesium has no detrimental influence on the leakage current and the shelf life of the capacitor.
- the iron content is increased, for instance up to 0.006 percent at most. Very good results were obtained with an iron content of 0.003 percent with a tolerance of 10.0005 percent.
- the increase of the iron content causes a substantial acceleration of the etching. In a hydrochloric acid etching bath, without use of electric current, one may for instance obtain the same roughening within 3 minutes as within 5 minutes without increased iron content.
- the boron content for itself allows an increase of capacity of the electrolytical condenser" by about 20 percent. 5 5
- the addition of-boron alone to high purity aluminiiin does not hinder with certainty'the formation "'of the "coarse grain structure.
- a content of zinc and magnesium without boron causes a fine grain structure but no appreciable increase of the capacity of the condenser. The highest effect is obtained only with the combined content of boron, zinc and magnesium.
- the aluminum foil according to our invention presents for the chemical etching several advantages: one obtains a higher roughening, the etching is shortened and the metal has a fine grain structure. A fine grain structure is important for the rolling as well as for the etching. The advantages appear for instance from the following table:
- the etching has been carried out according to the method described in Example 2 of the US Patent No. 2,699,382.
- the foil thickness was 0.1 mm.
- An aluminum foil for electrolytic condensers of a composition consisting essentially of aluminum, zinc, and magnesium, the aluminum being of a purity not less than 99.98%, the zinc and magnesium being present in amounts suificient to improve the fineness of the grain structure of the composition, the amount of zinc not exceeding about 0.005% and the amount of magnesium not exceeding about 0.002%.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
Description
United States Patent to Alnminium-Industrie-Aktien-Gesellschaft, Chippis, Switzerland No Drawing. Application November 15, 1956 Serial No. 622,287
Claims priority, application Switzerland November 18, 1955 7 Claims. ('Cl. 75-138) Our present invention relates to an aluminum foil for electrolytic condensers, which foil has to be roughened by etching before the subsequent coating with an oxide or other dielectric film.
It is very difiicult to etch satisfactorily aluminum foils of highest purity without use of electric current. Moreover, difiiculties arise often during the electrolytic etching of high purity aluminum foils, which ditficulties are caused for instance by the coarse grain structure of the metal.
A preferred, well known chemical etching bath consists in 6 to 10 percent hydrochloride acid with an addition of ferric chloride. For electrolytic etching, one uses for instance a solution of 1 percent sodium chloride in water.
It is known to add little quantities of chemical elements to the high purity aluminum in order to improve its ability to be etched. For instance, additions of 0.001 to 0.1 percent of lead, tin, bismuth, antimony, thallium, titanium, nickel, palladium, platinum, zirconium and other elements have been proposed. Amongst them, the addition of 0.01 to 0.03 percent boron has also been proposed.
Up to now, the proposed additions were not completely satisfactory. In practice, there are often dilficulties in the etching plant, mainly because of the formation of a coarse grain in the metal. Moreover, the addition of most of the earlier proposed elements is detrimental as to the leakage current and the shelf life of the capacitor.
In the course of long and systematic researches in laboratories and in etching plants we invented an aluminum foil the composition of which not only allows an extraordinary good and uniform etching even without use of electric current, no troubles arising for instance through formation of a coarse grain, but also leads to a great increase of capacity of the electrolytical condensers made from this foil. The increase of capacity amounts to about 20 percent.
The aluminum foil according to our invention is characterized by the fact that it is made from purest aluminum of at least 99.98 percent with the usual amounts of silicon, iron and so on as impurities and contains beside these impurities 0.005 to 0.05 percent boron, 0.001 to 0.005 zinc and 0.0003 to 0.002 percent magnesium, the proportion of zinc to magnesium being greater than 2:1, preferably 3:1 to 4: 1. The content of boron, zinc and magnesium has no detrimental influence on the leakage current and the shelf life of the capacitor.
Preferably the iron content is increased, for instance up to 0.006 percent at most. Very good results were obtained with an iron content of 0.003 percent with a tolerance of 10.0005 percent. The increase of the iron content causes a substantial acceleration of the etching. In a hydrochloric acid etching bath, without use of electric current, one may for instance obtain the same roughening within 3 minutes as within 5 minutes without increased iron content.
ICC
The best results were obtained with aboronconte'nt of 001 percent with a tolerance of i0.005percent.
The boron content for itself allows an increase of capacity of the electrolytical condenser" by about 20 percent. 5 5 However, the addition of-boron alone to high purity aluminiiin does not hinder with certainty'the formation "'of the "coarse grain structure.
A content of zinc and magnesium without boron causes a fine grain structure but no appreciable increase of the capacity of the condenser. The highest effect is obtained only with the combined content of boron, zinc and magnesium.
The aluminum foil according to our invention presents for the chemical etching several advantages: one obtains a higher roughening, the etching is shortened and the metal has a fine grain structure. A fine grain structure is important for the rolling as well as for the etching. The advantages appear for instance from the following table:
Electrical values for 540 Volt formation voltage Type of high purity Remarks aluminum Capacity Surface of the conincrease denser, by etching pF/IOO cm (fold) 99.99 p.c. Al 13-14. 5 5. 2-5. 8 Partly useless because of coarse grain structures. 99.99 p.c. Al+0.0015 p.c. 14. 345 5. 7-6.0 Throughout flne Mg +0.004 p.c. Zn grain structure. 99.99 p.c. Al +0.0025 15. 4 6. 15 Partly useless bep.c. B cause of coarse grain structure. 99ig9 p.c. Al +0.011 p.c. 17. 1 6. 85 Do.
99.99 p.c. Al +0.015 p.c. 18. 5 7. 2 Throughout fine B +0.0015 p.c. Mg grain structure. +0.0035 p.c. Zn
The etching has been carried out according to the method described in Example 2 of the US Patent No. 2,699,382. The foil thickness was 0.1 mm.
What we claim is:
1. An aluminum foil for electrolytic condensers of a composition consisting essentially of aluminum, zinc, and magnesium, the aluminum being of a purity not less than 99.98%, the zinc and magnesium being present in amounts suificient to improve the fineness of the grain structure of the composition, the amount of zinc not exceeding about 0.005% and the amount of magnesium not exceeding about 0.002%.
2. The foil of claim 1 in which the composition contains iron in amount not exceeding about 0.006%.
3. The foil of claim 1 containing also boron in an amount not exceeding .05%.
4. The foil of claim 1 wherein the zinc content is between .001 and .005 and the magnesium content between .0003 and .002% with the proportion of zinc to magnesium between 2:1 and 4: 1.
5. The foil of claim 2 wherein the iron content is 0.003% with a tolerance of 10005 6. The foil of claim 2, the boron content of which is .01% with a tolerance of :.000 5%.
7. The foil of claim 3 wherein the zinc content is between .001 and .005% and the magnesium content between .003 and .002% with the proportion of zinc to magnesium between 2:1 and 4: 1.
(References on following page) UNITED STATES PATENTS Bonsack Aug. 8, 1933 Stroup Aug." 12, 1941 Whitzel et a1 Mar. 20, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain Mar. 12, 1943 Great Britain May 3, 1943 Great Britain Aug. 3, 1955 4 OTHER REFERENCES ASM Transactions, vol. 41, 1949, page 444. Study on Formation of Dielectric Film of Super-Purity Aluminum Anode in Electrolytic Condensers, 3rd Report, 5 by Nakamura and Nishizaka. Light Metals (Japan), No.
20, 58-67, August 1956. Digested in: Light Metals Bulletin, vol. 19, No. 3, February 1, 1957, page 104.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 2,886,432 May 12, 1959 Hans Schmitt et al.3
It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters .Patent should read as corrected below.
Column 2, line 69, for "0003" read ,0003
Signed and sealed this 29th day of September 1959a SEAL) Attest:
KARL H. AXLINE ROBERT c. WATSON Attesting Ofiicer Commissioner of Patents
Claims (1)
1. AN ALUMINUM FOIL FOR ELECTROYLTIC CONDENSERS OF A COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ALUMINUM, ZINC, AND MAGNESIUM, THE ALUMINUM BEING OF A PURITY NOT LESS THAN 99.98%, THE ZINC AND MAGNESIUM BEING PRESENT IN AMOUNTS SUFFICIENT TO IMPROVE THE FINESS OF THE GRAIN STRUCTURE OF THE COMPOSITION, THE AMOUNT OF ZINC NOT EXCEEDING ABOUT 0.005% AND THE AMOUNT OF MAGNESIUM NOT EXCEEDING ABOUT 0.002%.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH2886432X | 1955-11-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2886432A true US2886432A (en) | 1959-05-12 |
Family
ID=4572546
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US622287A Expired - Lifetime US2886432A (en) | 1955-11-18 | 1956-11-15 | Aluminum foil for electrolytic condensers |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US2886432A (en) |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3063832A (en) * | 1960-07-05 | 1962-11-13 | Anaconda Wire & Cable Co | High conductivity tin-bearing aluminum alloy |
US3180728A (en) * | 1960-10-03 | 1965-04-27 | Olin Mathieson | Aluminum-tin composition |
US3196057A (en) * | 1964-06-19 | 1965-07-20 | Olin Mathieson | Heat treatment of aluminum base alloys containing tin |
US3197347A (en) * | 1961-12-14 | 1965-07-27 | Alusuisse | Treatment of aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors |
US3240688A (en) * | 1964-04-21 | 1966-03-15 | Olin Mathieson | Aluminum alloy electrode |
US3241953A (en) * | 1963-10-03 | 1966-03-22 | Olin Mathieson | Aluminum conductor and process for obtaining same |
US3250649A (en) * | 1963-08-27 | 1966-05-10 | Olin Mathieson | Heat treating process for aluminum base alloys containing tin |
US3258318A (en) * | 1963-09-10 | 1966-06-28 | Rheinische Blattmetall Ag | Etched metal foil for electrolytic capacitors and the like consisting of silver-aluminum alloys |
US3281239A (en) * | 1964-04-22 | 1966-10-25 | Dow Chemical Co | Aluminum base alloys containing thallium |
US3386844A (en) * | 1966-02-21 | 1968-06-04 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum flake pigment composition |
US3877062A (en) * | 1966-09-14 | 1975-04-08 | Siemens Ag | Method for producing metal structures upon semiconductor surfaces |
JPS50104710A (en) * | 1974-01-25 | 1975-08-19 | ||
US4084963A (en) * | 1976-07-21 | 1978-04-18 | Swiss Aluminium Limited | Aluminum base alloys containing zinc, magnesium, iron and cadmium, tin or lead |
JPS53114059A (en) * | 1977-03-16 | 1978-10-05 | Showa Aluminium Co Ltd | Aluminum alloy foil for electrolytic capacitor |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1921998A (en) * | 1930-09-04 | 1933-08-08 | Nat Smelting Co | Method of improving aluminum and alloys thereof |
US2252421A (en) * | 1939-08-02 | 1941-08-12 | Aluminum Co Of America | Alloy |
GB551872A (en) * | 1942-06-12 | 1943-03-12 | Nat Smelting Co | Improvements in or relating to aluminium base alloys |
GB552972A (en) * | 1942-06-12 | 1943-05-03 | Nat Smelting Co | Improvements in or relating to aluminium base alloys |
US2545866A (en) * | 1946-11-15 | 1951-03-20 | Aluminum Co Of America | Boron-containing aluminum wire and method of its production |
GB734524A (en) * | 1951-08-28 | 1955-08-03 | Siemens Ag | Improvements in or relating to metal foil for electrolytic condensers |
-
1956
- 1956-11-15 US US622287A patent/US2886432A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1921998A (en) * | 1930-09-04 | 1933-08-08 | Nat Smelting Co | Method of improving aluminum and alloys thereof |
US2252421A (en) * | 1939-08-02 | 1941-08-12 | Aluminum Co Of America | Alloy |
GB551872A (en) * | 1942-06-12 | 1943-03-12 | Nat Smelting Co | Improvements in or relating to aluminium base alloys |
GB552972A (en) * | 1942-06-12 | 1943-05-03 | Nat Smelting Co | Improvements in or relating to aluminium base alloys |
US2545866A (en) * | 1946-11-15 | 1951-03-20 | Aluminum Co Of America | Boron-containing aluminum wire and method of its production |
GB734524A (en) * | 1951-08-28 | 1955-08-03 | Siemens Ag | Improvements in or relating to metal foil for electrolytic condensers |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3063832A (en) * | 1960-07-05 | 1962-11-13 | Anaconda Wire & Cable Co | High conductivity tin-bearing aluminum alloy |
US3180728A (en) * | 1960-10-03 | 1965-04-27 | Olin Mathieson | Aluminum-tin composition |
US3197347A (en) * | 1961-12-14 | 1965-07-27 | Alusuisse | Treatment of aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors |
US3250649A (en) * | 1963-08-27 | 1966-05-10 | Olin Mathieson | Heat treating process for aluminum base alloys containing tin |
US3258318A (en) * | 1963-09-10 | 1966-06-28 | Rheinische Blattmetall Ag | Etched metal foil for electrolytic capacitors and the like consisting of silver-aluminum alloys |
US3241953A (en) * | 1963-10-03 | 1966-03-22 | Olin Mathieson | Aluminum conductor and process for obtaining same |
US3240688A (en) * | 1964-04-21 | 1966-03-15 | Olin Mathieson | Aluminum alloy electrode |
US3281239A (en) * | 1964-04-22 | 1966-10-25 | Dow Chemical Co | Aluminum base alloys containing thallium |
US3196057A (en) * | 1964-06-19 | 1965-07-20 | Olin Mathieson | Heat treatment of aluminum base alloys containing tin |
US3386844A (en) * | 1966-02-21 | 1968-06-04 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum flake pigment composition |
US3877062A (en) * | 1966-09-14 | 1975-04-08 | Siemens Ag | Method for producing metal structures upon semiconductor surfaces |
JPS50104710A (en) * | 1974-01-25 | 1975-08-19 | ||
US3997339A (en) * | 1974-01-25 | 1976-12-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Aluminum alloy foil for high voltage electrolytic capacitors |
JPS5912736B2 (en) * | 1974-01-25 | 1984-03-26 | シ−メンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | Electrolytically etched aluminum foil for high voltage electrolytic capacitors |
US4084963A (en) * | 1976-07-21 | 1978-04-18 | Swiss Aluminium Limited | Aluminum base alloys containing zinc, magnesium, iron and cadmium, tin or lead |
JPS53114059A (en) * | 1977-03-16 | 1978-10-05 | Showa Aluminium Co Ltd | Aluminum alloy foil for electrolytic capacitor |
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