US2883162A - Condenser with rotary scraper - Google Patents

Condenser with rotary scraper Download PDF

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Publication number
US2883162A
US2883162A US552951A US55295155A US2883162A US 2883162 A US2883162 A US 2883162A US 552951 A US552951 A US 552951A US 55295155 A US55295155 A US 55295155A US 2883162 A US2883162 A US 2883162A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
scrapers
scraper
shell
condenser
inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US552951A
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English (en)
Inventor
Rapson Bryan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcan Research and Development Ltd
Original Assignee
Aluminium Laboratories Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aluminium Laboratories Ltd filed Critical Aluminium Laboratories Ltd
Priority to US552951A priority Critical patent/US2883162A/en
Priority to GB37310/56A priority patent/GB800486A/en
Priority to FR1167095D priority patent/FR1167095A/fr
Priority to CH4064556A priority patent/CH363012A/fr
Priority to DEA26197A priority patent/DE1078540B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2883162A publication Critical patent/US2883162A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D7/00—Sublimation
    • B01D7/02—Crystallisation directly from the vapour phase

Definitions

  • This invention relates to condensers, and particularly to apparatus providing surfaces upon which solid material is to be deposited from a passing fluid.
  • the invention is especially related to condensers, having extensive cooled surfaces, for use with gaseous fluids which condense to the solid state, and to that end, certain presently preferred embodiments have been particularly intended for use in the condensation of aluminum chloride from posed to displace such coatings by means of mechanical scrapers and by various types "of impact mechanisms, e.g., loose chains, to pound and pulverize the coating so that it breaks loose from the condenser surface.
  • the condensed material may tend to condense on the surface of the scraping or impact mechanism.
  • the efiiciency of the scraping or pounding operation is impaired so that the apparatus must be shut down periodically to clean the scraper or cleaning apparatus. Indeed, accumulation of solids on the removal device, whether by condensation or by being caught in falling from the condenser wall,
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a condenser of the type described with scrapers which not only clean the cooled condenser surfaces, but which also clean the scraper surfaces, so that the apparatus can run continuously for long periods without being shut down for cleaning the scrapers.
  • Another object is to provide improved scraper structure for a condenser of the type described.
  • a condenser arrangement comprising an upright, e.g., vertical or substantially vertical, shell having a cross-sectional contour defined by the external portions of a plurality of intersecting circles, together with vertically elongated scraper elements rotating on upright axes concentric with the circles and each having a lenticular shape in cross-section, arranged ICE for jointly affording a scraping or sweeping of the interior surface of the shell and of the surfaces of the rotating elements.
  • an effective and simple device of the invention comprises, in combination with means for directing gas (from which material is to be condensed) vertically lengthwise in the shell on all sides of the scrapers, and in combination with receptacle means at the bottom of the shell for collecting the solid material which falls as it is removed by the scrapers, a vertical condenser shell having a horizontal cross-section in the shape of two abutting generally circular segments, each segment being greater than a semi-circle.
  • two scrapers are mounted for rotation about vertical axes, the two axes being at the centers of the two segments.
  • Each of the scrapers has a horizontal cross-section which is generally lensshaped, and is defined by two arcs having radii approximately equal to the distance between the centers ofthe segments and having centers of curvature at diametrically opposite points onor-approximately on the circumference of the surface of the segment within which the given scraper turns.
  • the two scrapers are connected to a common drive for rotation in the same direction and are spaced angularly by 90 about their respective axes.
  • Cooling jackets or' equivalent means are provided on the outside of the shell, so that material tends to condense on the inside.
  • the scraper elements can be made longer than the shell cooling jackets, i.e., if such arrangement is desirable, to make sure there is no condensation of material at any pointon the shell not covered by a scraper.
  • An inlet for gaseous material to be condensed is located adjacent the upper end of the condenser and passage means is provided for distributing the entering gas to all parts of the shell cross-section, thereby avoiding the building up of pressure differences on the opposite
  • a heater jacket may advantageously be placed around the condenser shell adjacent'the inlet, in order to prevent condensation in or adjacent to the inlet passage and the fluid distributing passages.
  • Fig. l is a view partly in section on line 1-1 of Fig. 2
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the condenser of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line III-III of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 7 is an elevational view, with portions broken away, showing a complete scraper constructed in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 8 is; a plan view of the scraper of Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is a verticalsectionalview taken on the line Patented Apr. 21, 1959 IXIX of Fig. 8, showing the details of construction of one section of the scraper of Fig. 8;
  • Fig. is a diagrammatic view similar to Fig. 5, il-
  • Fig. 11. is, a diagrammatic viewsimilar. to.. Fig 1.0,,il+
  • Fig. 1. a complete. condenser includinga shell 1, whose .cross-.
  • section, as. bestseen in Figs. 3 ⁇ and. 4, is. in the. shape of.
  • a heating fluid which may be, for. example, superheated steam or a eutectic mixture of diphenyl and diphenyl oxide,
  • The. shell. 1 extends vertically. The upper end. of, the
  • shell has. a .flange or ring,2 welded. toitsperiphery, A/
  • coverplate. 3.is.mounted'on the. flange 2. by anysuitable means, such. as bolts 4.
  • each scraper Fixed on.the shafts, 5 and 6 are a. pairof,scrapers.7 and.8. Each scraper hasagenerally. lens-shapedcrosssection,as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. I
  • the shafts 5 and 6 extend upwardly, through the plate 3 and through another supporting plate 9.. Above,
  • the gas or.- vaporto becondensed. entersthe apparatus through an inlet conduit 15, best shown in Fig. 4-. and.
  • the inlet condhitIS' opens into the middle of the rear side of the shell 1; At the l'evelLopposite the inlet conduit 15, the scrapers 7 and 8 areprovided with Qpenings7a, 7b and 8a, 811'. See Figs. 4 and 7.
  • the jaokets-21 and 22. are provided. with cooling fluid. inlets I and. 24 respectively at. their lower ends andiwithoutlets' 25 andl26pat their: upper.- ends:.
  • the jackets 21 and 221 are COIlStI'llCtGduiH'. sections," the. sections being hseparated byreinfiorcingplates 27.. Small. by pass conduits 28 extend.
  • thescrapers- 7-andr8 extendto and preferably. below the bottoms of the cooling jackets 21 any- -unscrapedsurface on the inside; of the shell 1.
  • the bearings 30.-are combined guidexand thrush-bean ings andsupport the entire weight ofthe shaftsS and :6. andtheir associated scrapers 7and'8;
  • The. condensatetrap 14 is. provided with an outlet .pipe 4 35.. leading to.a.pump 3.6 by.means-of. which the uncondensed vapor or gas is drawn-oil.
  • The. trap 14 may be. provided :witha. suitable door 37' for the purpose of. removing the condensate material.
  • Each section is a casting having a central cored passage 38 to receive the shaft and cored side passages 39 and 40.
  • the two lower sections 7c are a casting having a central cored passage 38 to receive the shaft and cored side passages 39 and 40.
  • FIG. 5 The geometry of the profile of the scrapers 7 and 8 is illustrated in Fig. 5.
  • Each of the scrapers has two arcuate surfaces.
  • the radius of curvature R of each arcuate surface is equal to the distance D between the axes of rotation :of the scrapers 7 and 8.
  • the radius of curvature R of each arcuate surface is equal to the distance D between the axes of rotation :of the scrapers 7 and 8.
  • centers of the curvature of the two arcuate surfaces are r located diametrically opposite each other, and (HI/[116 periphery of the circle defined by the path of rotationv of the edges of the scrapers.
  • each scraper profile V is equal to R /2
  • the thickness b or minor. axis of each scraper is equalto /2 l)a or 0.4l42a.
  • the distance D equals half the sum of the major and minor axes, viz.,
  • R is equal to D and by geometry, 30
  • FIG. 6 This figure illustrates a scraper 42 having a slightly different profile fromthe scrapers 7 and 8.
  • This scraper 42 has a notch or curved recesses 42a in the leading face of each of its scraping edges. This arrangement in effect sharpens the leading edges of the scrapers, reducing any tendency to crush the condensed material instead of scraping it, and thereby reducing the power requirements of the condenser. There may be some slight tendency for condensate to accumulate in the notches 42a, but in general it is swept out effectively by solid condensate particles which break off in front of the advancing scraper edge.
  • a scraper having the profile shown in Fig. 6 may be used only in one direction of rotation, as indicated by the arrow. The more general scraper profile shown in Fig. 5 may be rotated in either direction, as long as both of the scrapers rotate in the same direction.
  • the direction of rotation of the two scrapers was reversed every two minutes with an off-period of five seconds.
  • the condenser and scrapers effectively condensed and converted to powder form aluminum chloride vapor (i.e. aluminum trichloride, AlCl at the rate of pounds per hour for 6.5 hours, 200 pounds per hour for 5.8 hours and 300 pounds per hour for 4.3 hours, all at an absolute pressure of 100 mm. of mercury.
  • the dimensions of the condenser and of the scraper elements may vary considerably with requirements of use. It is particularly desirable, however, that the condenser be of relatively elongated shape, for example such that the vertical length of each scraper is equal toat least several times (for instance, six to twelve times) its major transverse axis.
  • the condenser utilized in the above tests which was essentially as shown in the drawings, had a shell in which the inside diameter of each segment was ten inches and the total length of each scraper was approximately 7 feet 8 inches, being constructed of three endwise-abutted sections of equal length.
  • theoretic proportioning of the scrapers and the enclosing shell is as shown in Fig. 5 and mathematically defined hereinabove, it is preferable to provide a small clearance between the scrapers and between each scraper and the shell.
  • the centers of the shafts upon which the scrapers were mounted were separated by a distance of approximately inch greater than half the sum of the major and minor transverse axes a and b of the scrapers, while the internal diameter of each of the cylindrical segments of the shell was about A.- inch greater than the major transverse axis a of the scraper.
  • the major transverse axis a of each scraper was 9.842 inches and the minor transverse axis b had a length of 4.532 inches. While the spacing of the shafts, which was 7.25 inches, represented a distance equal to half the sum of the transverse scraper axes increased by inch clearance, it will be noted that the length of the minor axis, relative to the major axis, is slightly larger than the theoretical formula requires. venient to design the scraper sides with a radius of curvature of 6.477 inches, which is a little shorter than would .bederived by theory from the value of the major axis a.
  • a condenser for fluids which'condense' to the solid state comprising a vertically elongated shell having a cross-section in the shape of a pluralityofi abutting generally circular segments, each segment being greater than a-serni-circle, a corresponding plurality of vertically elongated scrapers,-eachconcentric with-one of said segments andextending lengthwise of said shell, each scraper being defined by two curved surfaces extending vertically throughout the full' length of each scraper; and each scraper having a cross-section whose contour is generally lens-shaped-and is defined by two-arcs having radii approximately equal to the distance between the centers of said segmentsand having centers of curvature at diametrically opposite points approximately on the circumference of the circles of said segments, means connecting said scrapers in an angular relationship suchthat the major axes of the cross-sections of the scrapers intersect at an angle of 90.
  • fluid inlet means adjacent the upper end of the saidshell for admitting fluid to the parts of the shelllon bothsides of each scraper, heating jacket means on the outside of the shell adjacent the fluid inlet means and effective to maintain the temperature of the fluid in the shell adjacent said inlet means above the boiling. point of the entering fluid and thereby inhibit deposit of condensed material in the inlet means, cooling jacket means,
  • jacket means being effective to inhibit deposit of condensed'material in all said apertures.
  • a condenser for fluids which condense to a solid state comprising a vertically elongated shell having a cross-section in the shape of two abutting generally circular segments, each segment being greater than a semicircle, two vertically elongated scrapers, each concentric with one of said segments and extending lengthwise of said shell, each scraper being defined by two curved surfaces. extending vertically throughout the full length of;
  • each scraper, and each scraper having a cross-section whose contour is generally lens-shaped and is defined by two arcs having radii approximately equal to the distance between the centers of said segments, each said scraper cross-section having a major axis approximately equal to the square root of 2 times said distance-and a minor axis approximately equal to the square root'of2 minus 1 times said distance, means connecting said.
  • scrapers in an angular relationship such that the major axes of the cross-sections of the scrapers intersect at an angle of in space, means for rotating said scrapers in the same direction, the edges of eachscraper contacting the vertical inner surfaces of the shell and the vertical surfaces of the other scraper and being effective during.
  • a condenser for fluids which condense to the solid state comprising shell means having vertically elongated upright condensing surfaces cross-sectionally definedin general by. the external portions of a plurality of intersecting circles having center spacing equal approximately to the circular radius multiplied by the square root of two, upright vertically elongated scrapers having a cross-sectionally lenticular shape and defined by two curved surfaces extending vertically throughout the full length of said scrapers and disposed in the shell means to rotate on central axes substantially at the centers of the circles, means mounting the scrapers for simultaneous rotation in the same direction and in an angular relationship such that the major axes of the cross-sections of the scrapers intersect at an angle of 90, said scrapers being shaped so that their edges contact the vertical inner surfaces of the shell and the vertical surfaces of the other scrapers and collectively scrape all said condensing surfaces and all upright surfaces of each other during rotation, inlet means for directing fluid from which solid is to be condensed vertically lengthwise in the shell means on all
  • a condenser for fluids which condense to the solid state comprising an upright vertically elongated shell having a cross-sectionalcontour generally defined by the external portions of a plurality of intersecting circles, a corresponding plurality of vertically elongated scraper elements disposed to rotate on upright axes substantially concentric with said circles, each scraper having a generally lenticular shape in cross-section, constituted by two curved surfaces extending vertically throughout the full length of said scrapers and intersecting to provide substan- 10 tially diametrically opposed scraping edges, the cross-section of each scraper having a major axis from edge to edge and a minor axis perpendicular thereto, the radius of each circle of the shell contour being approximately equal to half the major axis of the corresponding scraper, and the centers of the said circles being spaced by approximately one half the sum of the major and minor scraper axes, means mounting the scrapers for simultaneous rotation in an angular relationship such that the major axes of the cross-

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
US552951A 1955-12-13 1955-12-13 Condenser with rotary scraper Expired - Lifetime US2883162A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US552951A US2883162A (en) 1955-12-13 1955-12-13 Condenser with rotary scraper
GB37310/56A GB800486A (en) 1955-12-13 1956-12-06 Condenser for gaseous fluids which condense to the solid state
FR1167095D FR1167095A (fr) 1955-12-13 1956-12-12 Condenseur pour fluides gazeux qui se condensent directement à l'état solide
CH4064556A CH363012A (fr) 1955-12-13 1956-12-13 Installation pour condenser des vapeurs qui se condensent directement à l'état solide
DEA26197A DE1078540B (de) 1955-12-13 1956-12-13 Vorrichtung zum Kondensieren gasfoermiger Stroemungsmittel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US552951A US2883162A (en) 1955-12-13 1955-12-13 Condenser with rotary scraper

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US2883162A true US2883162A (en) 1959-04-21

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US552951A Expired - Lifetime US2883162A (en) 1955-12-13 1955-12-13 Condenser with rotary scraper

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US (1) US2883162A (de)
CH (1) CH363012A (de)
DE (1) DE1078540B (de)
FR (1) FR1167095A (de)
GB (1) GB800486A (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3079993A (en) * 1959-07-02 1963-03-05 Chilean Nitrate Sales Corp Scraper-condenser unit
US3155056A (en) * 1959-08-26 1964-11-03 American Mach & Foundry Plastic or dough mixing apparatus
US3195868A (en) * 1962-03-21 1965-07-20 Baker Perkins Inc Continuous mixer
US3343922A (en) * 1963-09-23 1967-09-26 Vickers Zimmer Ag Chemical reactor
US3376353A (en) * 1964-06-01 1968-04-02 Monsanto Co Recovery of glycols from polyester production
US3407046A (en) * 1965-02-01 1968-10-22 Gen Etablissements Michelin Ra Reactor for continuous polymerization
US3419250A (en) * 1966-10-25 1968-12-31 Read Corp Continuous mixer discharge control
JPS5638313A (en) * 1979-09-05 1981-04-13 Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc Continuous polymerization

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110591746A (zh) * 2019-09-02 2019-12-20 江阴市荣兴机械工业工程有限公司 废旧轮胎热分解回收系统

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US410356A (en) * 1889-09-03 Churn
US1412115A (en) * 1918-12-11 1922-04-11 Charles Skidd Mfg Company Pasteurizer
US1868671A (en) * 1931-06-04 1932-07-26 Universal Gypsum & Lime Co Method of and apparatus for making gypsum board
US2159463A (en) * 1936-03-24 1939-05-23 Joseph T Voorheis Heat exchange apparatus
US2472362A (en) * 1944-11-18 1949-06-07 Blaw Knox Co Heat-exchange apparatus
US2713474A (en) * 1952-03-29 1955-07-19 Insta Freeze Corp Apparatus for making refrigerated comestibles

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE813154C (de) * 1949-09-29 1951-09-06 Bayer Ag Misch- und Knetvorrichtung
DE940109C (de) * 1953-07-28 1956-03-08 Bayer Ag Misch- und Knetvorrichtung

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US410356A (en) * 1889-09-03 Churn
US1412115A (en) * 1918-12-11 1922-04-11 Charles Skidd Mfg Company Pasteurizer
US1868671A (en) * 1931-06-04 1932-07-26 Universal Gypsum & Lime Co Method of and apparatus for making gypsum board
US2159463A (en) * 1936-03-24 1939-05-23 Joseph T Voorheis Heat exchange apparatus
US2472362A (en) * 1944-11-18 1949-06-07 Blaw Knox Co Heat-exchange apparatus
US2713474A (en) * 1952-03-29 1955-07-19 Insta Freeze Corp Apparatus for making refrigerated comestibles

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3079993A (en) * 1959-07-02 1963-03-05 Chilean Nitrate Sales Corp Scraper-condenser unit
US3155056A (en) * 1959-08-26 1964-11-03 American Mach & Foundry Plastic or dough mixing apparatus
US3195868A (en) * 1962-03-21 1965-07-20 Baker Perkins Inc Continuous mixer
US3343922A (en) * 1963-09-23 1967-09-26 Vickers Zimmer Ag Chemical reactor
US3376353A (en) * 1964-06-01 1968-04-02 Monsanto Co Recovery of glycols from polyester production
US3407046A (en) * 1965-02-01 1968-10-22 Gen Etablissements Michelin Ra Reactor for continuous polymerization
US3419250A (en) * 1966-10-25 1968-12-31 Read Corp Continuous mixer discharge control
JPS5638313A (en) * 1979-09-05 1981-04-13 Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc Continuous polymerization
JPS6213972B2 (de) * 1979-09-05 1987-03-30 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH363012A (fr) 1962-07-15
GB800486A (en) 1958-08-27
FR1167095A (fr) 1958-11-20
DE1078540B (de) 1960-03-31

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