US2877186A - Liquid detergent composition - Google Patents

Liquid detergent composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US2877186A
US2877186A US594676A US59467656A US2877186A US 2877186 A US2877186 A US 2877186A US 594676 A US594676 A US 594676A US 59467656 A US59467656 A US 59467656A US 2877186 A US2877186 A US 2877186A
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United States
Prior art keywords
parts
alkyl
sulfonate
carbon atoms
sodium
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Expired - Lifetime
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US594676A
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English (en)
Inventor
William C Krumrei
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE558422D priority Critical patent/BE558422A/xx
Priority to DENDAT1075779D priority patent/DE1075779B/de
Application filed by Procter and Gamble Co filed Critical Procter and Gamble Co
Priority to US594676A priority patent/US2877186A/en
Priority to GB20209/57A priority patent/GB848224A/en
Priority to CH357823D priority patent/CH357823A/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2877186A publication Critical patent/US2877186A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
    • C11D17/0017—Multi-phase liquid compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/16—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from divalent or polyvalent alcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/34—Organic compounds containing sulfur
    • C11D3/3418—Toluene -, xylene -, cumene -, benzene - or naphthalene sulfonates or sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/36—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
    • C11D3/362—Phosphates or phosphites

Definitions

  • the corrosion inhibitor most elfective in inhibiting corrosion of aluminum by alkaline phosphates is silicate of soda.
  • silicate of soda In the compositions of the prior art, the addition of silicate of soda to an aqueous solution of the anionic synthetic detergents and an alkaline phosphate caused a separation, cloudiness or livering. This is described in U. S. Letters Patent 2,618,607, iss ued November 18, 1952, to Herbert L. Sanders.
  • anionic synthetic detergents are not, unassisted, completely soluble in aqueous phosphate solutions of a concentration of 20% or more, even in the absence of silicate.
  • the anionics salt out, forming a gummy layer at the top of the solution.
  • Completesolution of anionic synthetic detergent in such phosphate solutions can be achieved, however, with a solubilizer, usually a sodium salt of the sulfonates of benzene or methyl substituted benzene. If one adds silicate of soda, in amounts adequate to inhibit corrosion of aluminum during the use of the composition in cleansing operations, to those previously known phosphate solutions into which an anionic synthetic detergent has been thus solubilized, the silicate will not dissolve completely, but forms a gelatinous mass.
  • a specific anionic synthetic detergent in aqueous liquid heavy duty detergent formulations has the property of solubilizing silicate of soda in amounts adequate to inhibit corrosion by phosphates.
  • the specific anionic synthetic detergent is a water soluble alkali metal salt of alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate in which the alkyl radical is derived at least 50% from alcohols of to 14 carbon atoms.
  • alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates have an additional advantage, they inhibit the redeposition of soil, thus eliminating the need for sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • the carboxymethyl cellulose does not dissolve completely in aqueous detergent solutions thus imparting a murky look to the solution.
  • a typical composition embodying the discovery herein described will contain from about 6% to about 14% of alkali metal salts of alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate, 12% to 27% of potassium pyrophosphate, or potassium tripolyphosphate, 2% to 6% of ethyl or isopropyl alcohol, or diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 3.5% to' 6% of silicate of soda (solids basis) of SiOzNaO ratio of 1.6:1 to 26:1, 3.0% to 8% of a solubiliz'ing agent, and water'to make 100%. This produces a clear solution at room temperature, and remains clear down to about 50 F.
  • the aforesaid salts of the alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate are made by reacting fatty alcohol mixtures containing at least 50% of alcohols of 10 to 14 carbon atoms with epichlorohydrin and by reacting the'alkyl chloroglyceryl ethers so formed with sodium or potassium sulfites.
  • the alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate used in the examples contains about 15% of diglyceryl ether sulfonates. This is only because of the ease of manufacturing this species.
  • the invention may be carried out with alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, where the alkyl is at least 50% radicals of alcohols of 10 to 14 carbons, with only monoglyceryl radicals present or with up to about 30% of diglyceryl radicals present.
  • alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate as used herein means any and all of the alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates from those containing no diglyceryl radicals to those containing up to 30% diglyceryl radicals.
  • the fatty alcohols used to prepare the alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate there may be used the alcohols prepared by the oxo reaction from straight chain olefins. These should meet the same qualifications as to chain length as the fatty alcohols, that is, these should contain at least 50% of alcohols of 10 to 14 carbons.
  • a number of solubilizing agents are useful in efiecting complete solution of synthetic detergents in relatively concentrated electrolyte systems.
  • Trialkyl phosphates where the alkyl is of low molecular weight, such as triamyl phosphate, or other trialkyl phosphates where the sum of the carbons in the alkyl groups are not more than 15 are effective.
  • the alkali metal salts of various organic sulfonates have been used for their solubilizing properties. Petroleum sulfonate salts, salts of benzene snlfonate and methyl substituted benzene sulfonate are among the best of these. The manner in which the anionics solubilize is presented in Schwartz and Perry,
  • solubilizers found useful in the present invention are anionic surface active materials, the molecules of which contain both a hydrophobic hydrocarbon portion and a hydrophilic portion.
  • the hydrophobic hydrocarbon portion of the molecule if of straight chain configuration, may contain from one to three separate alkyl groups each containing not more than 5 carbon atoms.
  • phobic hydrocarbon portion of the molecule may contain only one alkyl-substituted or unsubstituted cylic group containing a total of not more than 8 carbon atoms.
  • the hydrophilic portion of the molecule may be either the water-soluble salt of a sulfonic acid radical (sulfonate) or a phosphate.
  • the solubilizer I prefer is sodium toluene sulfonate.
  • Sodium benzene sulfonate and sodium xylene sulfonate are also eifective but require slightly larger amounts to eifect blending.
  • Example I and the explanation follow-j ing show the steps needed to completely blend the in gredients into a clear solution.
  • Example I The anionic used was alkyl glyceryl ether potassium sulfonate in which the alkyl was derived from middle If of cyclic configuration, the hydro 3 cut coconut alcohols containing 66% dodecanol.
  • the epichlorohydrin used in making the chloroether was in the molar ratio of 1.15 to the fatty alcohol. This excess of epichlorohydrin will produce glyceryl chloroethers with about of the glyceryl chloroethers present as diglyceryl dichloroethers.
  • This alkyl ether mixture was reacted with potassium sulfite to produce the alkyl glyceryl ether potassium sulfonate. From this synthetic sulfonate, a detergent composition was prepared as follows, all parts by weight.
  • this two phase mixture can be used as a heavy duty detergent, the silicate in the composition being sufficient to inhibit corrosion of aluminum by washing solutions prepared from the detergent.
  • This two phase composition is a heavy duty liquid detergent base of great utility in that it can be converted into a marketable detergent by one of several methods. Our preferred method is to add a solubilizer, converting the mixture to a single phase liquid.
  • the two phase base can be converted to a reasonably permanent emulsion by the addition of emulsifying agents or by the addition of finely divided solids such as amorphous silica or clay of the bentonite type.
  • this two phase liquid detergent is within the scope of the present invention.
  • the assistant solubilizer is normally added to the mixture right after the alkyl glyceryl sulfonate, to reduce viscosity for mixing purposes. It may be added at any time before the solubilizer is added and be effective as a solubilizing assistant. It appears that the addition of alcohol or other assistant solubilizer causes a resolution of the composition into two clear phases, the top layer containing most of the anionic synthetic detergent in solution. The removal of this detergent from the water in the lower layer enables this layer to completely dissolve the phosphate.
  • solubilizer in this example, 4 parts of sodium toluene sulfonate, caused the layers to dissolve in one another and become a single phase. This phenomenon takes place only when the anionic comprises a minimum of at least 6% of alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate. It is in this fashion that the alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate makes possible the preparation of a single phase heavy duty liquid detergent containing an effective amount of silicate.
  • Example 11 These materials were of the same character as-used in Examplel.
  • Example I salts 10 Potassium pyrophosphate 30 Ethyl alcohol 4 Sodium toluene sulfonate 4 Sodium silicate solids, SiO /Na O ratio of 2.0 1 1 4 Water 44 Inorganic salts from sulfonation, tarnish inhibitors, coloring matter and perfume This was blended together: as shown in Example ll. When added to waterin detergent concentrations it had good heavy duty detergent-properties anddid not corrode aluminum. significantly. The ethylalcohol in this formula may be replacedby diethylene glycol monobutyl ether with substantially equal results.v
  • alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate will solubilize silicate inflphosphate solutions and-may be: used': to prepare effective-liquid heavy duty synthetic detergentsr If anionic synthetic detergents*otherrthan allcyl glyceryl: are used as the sole anionic in the fop;
  • a convenient test for clarity may be made by placing the preparation in a test tube 20 mm. diameter and 150 mm. long and holding for five days at some selected temperature below room temperature, 60" F., 50 F., and 40 F., are commonly used.
  • compositions not highly satisfactory by very low temperature test can be used as detergents at room temperature-say 70 F.if they become clear and free from separated material at this temperature.
  • the silicate and the alkali toluene sulfonate preferably are added as the sodium salts.
  • the presence of at least as much sodium ions as are added with these compounds is desirable for improved solubility.
  • the alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate will have to be lowered by about the same amount, this, of course, being in solutions of maximum concentration at room temperatures.
  • the sum of these two ingredients will be in the range of not over about 40% in concentrated solutions. Totaling up the other ingredients, it will be evident that not less than about 40 parts of water will be required to make the total parts equal 100. Considering the more dilute compositions, it will be seen that 75 parts of water is the maximum that will be required to total 100 parts.
  • the blending agent or solubilizer should be from about 3.0% to about 8%, less than 3% being ineflfective and more than 8% adding nothing to the performance.
  • Either potassium tripolyphosphate or potassium pyrophosphate, or mixtures of the two may be used up to the limit of solubility at room temperatures in these compositions.
  • Our preferred composition contains about 20% pyrophosphate because of the greater solubility and stability of this phosphate.
  • the alcohols, ethanol or isopropanol used to solubilize the anionic synthetic detergent may be used from about 2% to about 6%.
  • Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether can be substituted for the alcohol as an assistant solu- .sodium silicate solids having a SiO /Na O bilizer. Less than 2% alcohol is undesirable from the point of viscosity and freeze recovery, and more than 6% causes a tendency to separation into two phases.
  • the amount of alkyl glyceryl sulfonate must be at least 6% to solubilize the silicate in effective amounts.
  • the amount of alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate may go as high as 14%, but at the expense of clarity at low temperatures.
  • a single phase liquid heavy duty detergent composition consisting essentially of, in parts by weight, from 6 to 14 parts of salts of alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate of which the cation is an alkali metal, at least 50% of the alkyl groups of the said alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate being derived from alcohols having from 10 to 14 carbon atoms, from a minimum of 12 parts to a maximum of the limit of solubility at room temperature of a phosphate selected from the group consisting of potassium pyrophosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate and mixtures thereof, 3.5 to 6 parts of sodium silicate solids having a SiO /Na 0 ratio of 1.6:1 to 2.621, 3 to 8 parts of an anionic solubilizer selected from the group consisting of trialkyl phosphates, wherein each of the alkyl groups contains not more than 5 carbon atoms, the alkali metal salts of benzene sulfonate, the alkal
  • a single phase liquid heavy-duty detergent composition consisting essentially of, in parts by weight, 6 to 14 parts of salts of alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate of which the cation is an alkali metal, at least 50% of the alkyl groups of the said alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate being derived from alcohols having from 10 to 14 carbon atoms, 12 to 27 parts of a phosphate selected from the group consisting of potassium pyrophosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate and mixtures thereof, 3.5 to 6 parts of ratio of 1.621 to 26:1, 3 to 8 parts of an anionic solubilizer selected from the group consisting of trialkyl phosphates wherein each of the alkyl groups contain not more than 5 carbon atoms, the alkali metal salts of benzene sulfonate, the alkali metal salts of toluene sulfonate and the alkali metal salts of xylene sulfonate,

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US594676A 1956-06-29 1956-06-29 Liquid detergent composition Expired - Lifetime US2877186A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE558422D BE558422A (en)van) 1956-06-29
DENDAT1075779D DE1075779B (de) 1956-06-29 Hochleistungsfähiges, flüssiges Reinigungsmittel
US594676A US2877186A (en) 1956-06-29 1956-06-29 Liquid detergent composition
GB20209/57A GB848224A (en) 1956-06-29 1957-06-26 Improvements in and relating to detergent compositions
CH357823D CH357823A (de) 1956-06-29 1957-06-29 Reinigungsmittel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US594676A US2877186A (en) 1956-06-29 1956-06-29 Liquid detergent composition

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US2877186A true US2877186A (en) 1959-03-10

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BE (1) BE558422A (en)van)
CH (1) CH357823A (en)van)
DE (1) DE1075779B (en)van)
GB (1) GB848224A (en)van)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3085982A (en) * 1959-04-22 1963-04-16 Procter & Gamble Liquid detergent composition
US3117929A (en) * 1958-08-08 1964-01-14 Texaco Inc Transparent dispersion lubricants
US3208949A (en) * 1961-10-30 1965-09-28 Lever Brothers Ltd Liquid detergent composition
US3951596A (en) * 1972-10-13 1976-04-20 Colgate-Palmolive Company Soap curd dispersant
US3997453A (en) * 1974-02-11 1976-12-14 Colgate-Palmolive Company Softener dispersion
US5310508A (en) * 1992-07-15 1994-05-10 Colgate-Palmolive Company Mild personal cleansing compositions containing sodium alcohol ethoxy glyceryl sulfonate

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3720000A1 (de) * 1987-06-15 1988-12-29 Henkel Kgaa Fettsaeurepolyoxyalkylester-sulfonate, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung als tenside

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB424596A (en) * 1932-12-16 1935-02-25 Henkel & Cie Gmbh Improvements in or relating to soap substitutes
US2581677A (en) * 1952-01-08 Phosphate detergent composition in
US2607740A (en) * 1950-05-03 1952-08-19 Colgate Palmolive Peet Co Liquid anionic-dialkylolamide detergent composition
US2618607A (en) * 1952-11-18 Liquid

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2581677A (en) * 1952-01-08 Phosphate detergent composition in
US2618607A (en) * 1952-11-18 Liquid
GB424596A (en) * 1932-12-16 1935-02-25 Henkel & Cie Gmbh Improvements in or relating to soap substitutes
US2607740A (en) * 1950-05-03 1952-08-19 Colgate Palmolive Peet Co Liquid anionic-dialkylolamide detergent composition

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3117929A (en) * 1958-08-08 1964-01-14 Texaco Inc Transparent dispersion lubricants
US3085982A (en) * 1959-04-22 1963-04-16 Procter & Gamble Liquid detergent composition
US3208949A (en) * 1961-10-30 1965-09-28 Lever Brothers Ltd Liquid detergent composition
US3951596A (en) * 1972-10-13 1976-04-20 Colgate-Palmolive Company Soap curd dispersant
US3997453A (en) * 1974-02-11 1976-12-14 Colgate-Palmolive Company Softener dispersion
US5310508A (en) * 1992-07-15 1994-05-10 Colgate-Palmolive Company Mild personal cleansing compositions containing sodium alcohol ethoxy glyceryl sulfonate

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GB848224A (en) 1960-09-14
BE558422A (en)van)
DE1075779B (de) 1960-02-18
CH357823A (de) 1961-10-31

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