US2876801A - Metal convolution tubing - Google Patents

Metal convolution tubing Download PDF

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Publication number
US2876801A
US2876801A US493492A US49349255A US2876801A US 2876801 A US2876801 A US 2876801A US 493492 A US493492 A US 493492A US 49349255 A US49349255 A US 49349255A US 2876801 A US2876801 A US 2876801A
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tubing
convoluted
present
trough
troughs
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US493492A
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Milton H November
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Breeze Corp Inc
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Breeze Corp Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/14—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rigid material, e.g. metal or hard plastics
    • F16L11/15—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rigid material, e.g. metal or hard plastics corrugated

Definitions

  • metal tubing having a series of convolutions therein, said convolutions being in the form of a plurality of parallel troughs and crests or a plurality of helically disposed troughs and crests.
  • Presently known tubing is formed with identically shaped trough and crest sections and flexibility has been somewhat improved by compressing the tubing longitudinally after its formation.
  • tubing is prone to failure and unsatisfactory behavior from several standpoints. Under high internal pressures the tubing tends to elongate and when so stretched fails to return to its original length. When so stretched the outside diameter of the tubing is decreased. Where tubing is covered by woven braid the elongation of the tubing also stretches the braid, causing the tubing. As a result, the wall of the tubing may become flattened or ruptured. High internal pressures also tend to compress the convolutions of the tubing, thereby causing damage to the thin walled structure. I
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a convoluted tubing structure of greater flexibility.
  • a further object of the present invention is to reduce peripheral damage to convoluted tubingfrom overlying braid structures or the like.
  • a still further object of the present invention isto provide convoluted tubing having a fairly smooth internal bore, so as to improve the passage of fluids therethrough.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide convoluted tubing which will withstand greater amounts of pressure without wall damage.
  • a feature of the present invention is. its additional flex section, which results in less wall thinning during fabrication of the tubing.
  • Another feature of the present invention is its ability to withstand sharp bends without losing its smooth bore characteristics.
  • a further feature of the present invention is its trough form, whereby greater pressures are withstood.
  • the invention consists of the construction, combination and arrangements of parts as herein illustrated, described and claimed.
  • Figure 1 is a view in side elevation, partially cut away, of a complete embodiment of one form of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal fragmentary sectional view of a second form of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a longitudinal fragmentary view of a modi-- fication of the form shown in Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is a longitudinal fragmentary view of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a view similar tothat of Figure 4, showing the tubing in a flexed position.
  • Figure 6 is a longitudinal fragmentary view of conventional convoluted tubing, showing the manner in which an overlying braid structure bears upon the outside diameter of the tubing structure.
  • Figure 7 is a longitudinal fragmentary view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a longitudinal fragmentary view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a fragmentary view taken on line 99 of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a longitudinal fragmentary view of a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 10 indicates a length of tubing formed from seamless tubing, helically wound and welded tubing or lapped and welded tubing, all of which are well known in the art.
  • the parallel-Walled tubing 10 is fed through suitable machines which form the wall of the tubing into a series of convolutions generally indicated at 12.
  • the behavior characteristics of the convoluted tubing may be substantially improved.
  • a further result achieved by the use of the flex sections 14 in the convoluted tubing is an increase in flexibility. It has been found that for a convoluted tube of conven' tional construction and given amplitude of convolution the braid 18 at each crest.
  • a fairly small flex section trough 14, as compared with the amplitude of the main trough 15 of the tubing 10 may be employed.
  • This structure while less flexible than that of Figure 3, in which the amplitude of the flex section 14 is greater, as indicated by the arrows a and b, is nevertheless cheaper to manufacture because it requires less material. It will therefore be seen that the inverted flex section is capable of producing a wide variety of performance characteristics without departing from the spirit of the invention.
  • troughs 15 are somewhat flattened, whereas those illus trated in Figures 2 and 3 are arcuate. It has been found that the flattened form of trough 15 will withstand greater pressure before collapsing.
  • FIG. 8 there is shown a further modification of the trough form 15, whereby the convoluted tubings ability to withstand pressure is improved.
  • the troughs 15 are provided with a series of dimples or ribs 16, which are pressed into the metal of the tubing forming the trough portion 16.
  • These ribs 16 may be either bent outwardly as shown in Figure 9, or pushed inwardly to achieve the same purpose, namely to prevent the trough 15 of the tubing from being collapsed under pressure. It will be apparent that the spacing of the ribs 16 and the size and shape thereof may be varied to achieve a wide variety of behavior properties. While the forms of the tubing shown in Figures 8 and 9 have not been longitudinally compressed, as for example those shown in Figures 4 and 5, it is within the purview of the present invention-to compress these structures in order to impart greater flexibility thereto.
  • the convoluted tubing form shown in Figure 10 combines the rib structure 16 of the trough with the inverted flex section 14 of the crests 13 to achieve a struccontinuous self-supporting ture having very high properties of flexibility and resistance to pressure. While the amplitude of the flex section 14 is fairly small in the showing of Figure 10, it will be understood that a greater flex section amplitude may be employed without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
  • a convoluted flexible tube structure comprising a continuous fluid-tight member, said member being annularly corrugated into a series of troughs and crests of equal amplitude and an annular flex section formed in each of saidcrests, said flex section consisting of an inwardly disposed annular convolution having an amplitude smaller than that of the troughs and crests.
  • a convoluted flexible tube structure comprising a fluid-tight member, said member being annularly corrugated into a series of troughs and crests, flattened portions at the roots of said troughs,
  • each crest a series of spaced ribs in said troughs and in which the crosssectional form of each trough is dissimilar to the cross sectional form of each of the crests.

Description

March 10, 1959- M. H. NOVEMBER METAL CONVOLUTION TUBING 2 Sheets-Sheet Filed March 10, 1955 IN V EN TOR. t ml/en March 10, 1959 M, H, OVEM ER 2,876,801
METAL CONVOLUTIO N TUBING Filed March 10. 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V EN TOR. H1130? 1, HIV07211L6 er United States Patent 2,87 6,301 NIETAL CON VOLUTION TUBING Milton H. November, Corporations, Inc, Jersey Montclair, N. J., assignor to Breeze Union, N. J., a corporation of New This invention relates to metal tubing and specifically to metal tubing having a convoluted wall for the purpose of imparting flexibility and other characteristics thereto.
It is well known to form metal tubing having a series of convolutions therein, said convolutions being in the form of a plurality of parallel troughs and crests or a plurality of helically disposed troughs and crests. Presently known tubing is formed with identically shaped trough and crest sections and flexibility has been somewhat improved by compressing the tubing longitudinally after its formation.
The above described tubing is prone to failure and unsatisfactory behavior from several standpoints. Under high internal pressures the tubing tends to elongate and when so stretched fails to return to its original length. When so stretched the outside diameter of the tubing is decreased. Where tubing is covered by woven braid the elongation of the tubing also stretches the braid, causing the tubing. As a result, the wall of the tubing may become flattened or ruptured. High internal pressures also tend to compress the convolutions of the tubing, thereby causing damage to the thin walled structure. I
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide convoluted tubing structures which will withstand a greater amount of pressure without excessive elongation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a convoluted tubing structure of greater flexibility.
A further object of the present invention is to reduce peripheral damage to convoluted tubingfrom overlying braid structures or the like.
A still further object of the present invention isto provide convoluted tubing having a fairly smooth internal bore, so as to improve the passage of fluids therethrough.
An object of the present invention is to provide convoluted tubing which will withstand greater amounts of pressure without wall damage.
A feature of the present invention is. its additional flex section, which results in less wall thinning during fabrication of the tubing.
Another feature of the present invention is its ability to withstand sharp bends without losing its smooth bore characteristics.
A further feature of the present invention is its trough form, whereby greater pressures are withstood.
The invention consists of the construction, combination and arrangements of parts as herein illustrated, described and claimed.
In the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof, there are illustrated six forms of embodiment of the invention, and in which:
Figure 1 is a view in side elevation, partially cut away, of a complete embodiment of one form of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal fragmentary sectional view of a second form of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal fragmentary view of a modi-- fication of the form shown in Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal fragmentary view of a third embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 5 is a view similar tothat of Figure 4, showing the tubing in a flexed position.
Figure 6 is a longitudinal fragmentary view of conventional convoluted tubing, showing the manner in which an overlying braid structure bears upon the outside diameter of the tubing structure.
Figure 7 is a longitudinal fragmentary view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 8 is a longitudinal fragmentary view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 9 is a fragmentary view taken on line 99 of Figure 8.
Figure 10 is a longitudinal fragmentary view of a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to the drawings and specifically to Figurev 1, 10 indicates a length of tubing formed from seamless tubing, helically wound and welded tubing or lapped and welded tubing, all of which are well known in the art. The parallel-Walled tubing 10 is fed through suitable machines which form the wall of the tubing into a series of convolutions generally indicated at 12.
Presently known convoluted tubing, best shown in Figure 6, consists of a series of symmetrical crests and troughs. This tubing may be compressed to add flexi bility, but maintains its symmetry. It has been found,
however, that by varying the shape of the troughs and crests of the tubing in the. manner hereinafter set forth, the behavior characteristics of the convoluted tubing may be substantially improved.
In the form of the invention shown in Figure Leach of the crests 13 of the convolutions 16 have been inverted so as to provide an additional flex section 14 therein. In that. the flex sections 14 are inwardly disposed toward the. central axis of the tubing they have been referred to as inverted. As a result of the additional flex section 14, several surprising advantages have been derived. When high fluid pressures are present Within the tubing 10, the said. tubing has. a tendency to stretch longitudinally and its outside diameter to contract diametrically. When the troughs and crests of the tubing were of uniform shape the amount of such elongation was great and the degree of. recovery therefrom quite limited. The additional flax section 14, however, substantially increases the ability of the tubing to recover its original dimensions aftersuch longitudinal extensions. Moreover, the initial longitudinal extension is found to be less with the convolution form shown inFigure 1.
Where tubing is covered with woven braid as in the practice, and .greatinternal pressure is applied, thev braid tends to crush the tubing as it is stretchedd'uring the elongation of the structure. As shown in Figure 6, the cononly a one point contact with As a result, the likelihood of damage to the tubing at the crest is fairly great. Where the inverted flex section 14 is used and is covered by braid as shown in Figure 7, the points of contact between the crest and the braid 18 are doubled, and the distance between said points of contact is substantially reduced. As a result of the flex section 14 therefore, the ability of the convoluted tubing to withstand the pressure of the braid 18 is greatly increased. Moreover, since the form of the tubing shown in Figure 1 tends to have less longitudinal extension under pressure than conventional convolution tubing, the pressure of the braid 18 is further reduced.
A further result achieved by the use of the flex sections 14 in the convoluted tubing is an increase in flexibility. It has been found that for a convoluted tube of conven' tional construction and given amplitude of convolution the braid 18 at each crest.
one may use a smaller amplitude or wall height in the Since the wall height is less, there will be less and consequently a structure. wall thinning during manufacture, stronger structure.
In the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2, a fairly small flex section trough 14, as compared with the amplitude of the main trough 15 of the tubing 10 may be employed. This structure, while less flexible than that of Figure 3, in which the amplitude of the flex section 14 is greater, as indicated by the arrows a and b, is nevertheless cheaper to manufacture because it requires less material. It will therefore be seen that the inverted flex section is capable of producing a wide variety of performance characteristics without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Referring again to Figure 1, it will be seen thatthe troughs 15 are somewhat flattened, whereas those illus trated in Figures 2 and 3 are arcuate. It has been found that the flattened form of trough 15 will withstand greater pressure before collapsing.
As a further trough modification there is shown the form of Figure 4, in which an extremely flat surface 17 has been provided for the purpose of both increasing the resistance of the structure to pressure and improving the smoothness of the internal bore of the tubing. As a result of the combined flattened trough structure 17 and the use of the inverted flex section 14, the tubing form illustrated in Figure 4 may be bent as shown in Figure 5 without substantially decreasing the smoothness of the bore.
. Referring to Figure 8, there is shown a further modification of the trough form 15, whereby the convoluted tubings ability to withstand pressure is improved. In this form of the invention the troughs 15 are provided with a series of dimples or ribs 16, which are pressed into the metal of the tubing forming the trough portion 16. These ribs 16 may be either bent outwardly as shown in Figure 9, or pushed inwardly to achieve the same purpose, namely to prevent the trough 15 of the tubing from being collapsed under pressure. It will be apparent that the spacing of the ribs 16 and the size and shape thereof may be varied to achieve a wide variety of behavior properties. While the forms of the tubing shown in Figures 8 and 9 have not been longitudinally compressed, as for example those shown in Figures 4 and 5, it is within the purview of the present invention-to compress these structures in order to impart greater flexibility thereto.
The convoluted tubing form shown in Figure 10 combines the rib structure 16 of the trough with the inverted flex section 14 of the crests 13 to achieve a struccontinuous self-supporting ture having very high properties of flexibility and resistance to pressure. While the amplitude of the flex section 14 is fairly small in the showing of Figure 10, it will be understood that a greater flex section amplitude may be employed without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
When convoluted tubing of the types hereinabove discussed is bent sharply there is a tendency to crush the convolutions lying along the inner radius of the bend. As a result of the trough and crest structures hereinabove described, it has been found that damage to the tubing resulting from such bending has been substantially decreased.
From the foregoing it will be seen that there have been provided convoluted tubing structures by means of which greater internal pressures can be controlled. In addition, tubing structures have been provided having greater dimensional stability and wear properties. The above described structures are also capable of a wide variety of performance characteristics unknown in the present state of the art.
Having thus fully described the invention, what is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States, is:
1. A convoluted flexible tube structure comprising a continuous fluid-tight member, said member being annularly corrugated into a series of troughs and crests of equal amplitude and an annular flex section formed in each of saidcrests, said flex section consisting of an inwardly disposed annular convolution having an amplitude smaller than that of the troughs and crests.
2. A convoluted flexible tube structure comprising a fluid-tight member, said member being annularly corrugated into a series of troughs and crests, flattened portions at the roots of said troughs,
and inwardly disposed flex sections in each crest, a series of spaced ribs in said troughs and in which the crosssectional form of each trough is dissimilar to the cross sectional form of each of the crests.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 947,229 Fulton Jan. 25, 1910 2,068,022 Hammel Jan. 19, 1937 2,085,563 Aime June 29, 1937' 2,244,847 Oeckl et al June 10, 1941 2,489,277 Faralla Nov. 29,1949 2,609,002 Meissner Sept. 2, 1952 2,623,121 Lovel'idge Dec. 23, 1952 2,695,631 Seek Nov. 30, 1954 2,739,616 Dufl Mar. 27, 1956 FOREIGN PATENTS I- 139,164 Germany May 24, 1901 801,603 France Ian. 15, 1951' 959,386 Germany Mar. 28, 1950
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Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3019820A (en) * 1957-02-28 1962-02-06 Joseph W Yowell Corrugated tubing
US3146746A (en) * 1959-12-04 1964-09-01 Metallschlauchfabrik Ag Multiple walled corrugated tubing
US3194041A (en) * 1960-11-07 1965-07-13 Herbert G Johnson Method for forming corrugated tubes
US3234969A (en) * 1961-02-24 1966-02-15 Mont Jerome Bernard Cliffor Du Multibore corrugated flexible hose
US3259405A (en) * 1966-07-05 Lateral offset pipe expansion joint
US3913623A (en) * 1972-07-17 1975-10-21 Emil Siegwart Flexible corrugated tube
DE2617931A1 (en) * 1976-04-23 1977-11-03 Huebner Gummi & Kunststoff BELLOWS
US4216801A (en) * 1976-08-27 1980-08-12 Flexible Plastic Straw Corporation Flexible tube
FR2470888A1 (en) * 1979-11-29 1981-06-12 Iwk Regler Kompensatoren BELLOWS CONNECTION FOR GAS OR LIQUID
US4360042A (en) * 1978-12-07 1982-11-23 Hancor, Inc. Arched conduit with improved corrugations
US4523613A (en) * 1980-07-01 1985-06-18 Hancor, Inc. Multi-layered corrugated conduit with "black-eye" like apertures
US4709731A (en) * 1985-04-01 1987-12-01 Liang Wang Flexible element of (dual) wave crest
US4753833A (en) * 1986-09-26 1988-06-28 Fishgal Semyon I Hollow article with zigzag projections
DE19930151A1 (en) * 1999-06-30 2001-01-11 Kirchner Fraenk Rohr Corrugated pipe for use as a protective cable cover has corrugations with tops and bottoms joined to one another by flanks whose angle is greater than a right angle, so that an undercut corrugation section is formed
US20020125719A1 (en) * 2001-01-05 2002-09-12 Iwka Balg-Und Kompensatoren-Technologie Gmbh Pipe element for bending pipe sections
US20020132130A1 (en) * 2001-03-15 2002-09-19 Contech Construction Products Inc. , Corrugated structural metal plate
US20030201116A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2003-10-30 Andrew Corporation Low-cost, high performance, moisture-blocking, coaxial cable and manufacturing method
US20040112339A1 (en) * 2001-11-30 2004-06-17 Werner Berger Fuel injection system
US20060022459A1 (en) * 2004-07-30 2006-02-02 Nobuaki Niki Hose with corrugated tube
EP1832216A1 (en) * 2006-03-09 2007-09-12 Samsung Gwangju Electronics Co., Ltd. Flexible hose and vacuum cleaner having the same
WO2011162622A1 (en) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-29 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Components for medical circuits
US20120319338A1 (en) * 2011-06-14 2012-12-20 Showa Corporation Cover member and suspension
US20140236083A1 (en) * 2011-06-28 2014-08-21 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Medical tubing
US20150267770A1 (en) * 2014-03-20 2015-09-24 Showa Corporation Cover member and shock absorber
US9556576B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2017-01-31 Stormtech Llc Corrugated stormwater chamber having sub-corrugations
US9637907B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2017-05-02 Stormtech Llc Corrugated stormwater chamber having sub-corrugations
US9765509B1 (en) 2016-08-08 2017-09-19 Robert J. DiTullio Stormwater chamber with stackable reinforcing ribs
CN107906274A (en) * 2017-10-31 2018-04-13 无锡市永兴金属软管有限公司 A kind of corrugated flexible metal tube manufacture method with shock-absorbing function
USD820384S1 (en) 2016-08-08 2018-06-12 Robert J. DiTullio Stormwater chamber
US10190686B2 (en) * 2013-10-11 2019-01-29 Showa Corporation Cover member
DE10316628B4 (en) * 2003-04-11 2021-02-04 Umfotec Gmbh Method of manufacturing a tubular jacket damper
US20220145958A1 (en) * 2020-11-06 2022-05-12 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Vibration isolator with flexible housing

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US2068022A (en) * 1932-06-18 1937-01-19 Victor F Hammel Tubular structure
US2085563A (en) * 1934-05-05 1937-06-29 Anaconda Wire & Cable Co Fluid impregnated electric cable
FR801603A (en) * 1935-05-03 1936-08-11 Le Mondial Advanced liquid fire extinguisher
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Cited By (62)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3259405A (en) * 1966-07-05 Lateral offset pipe expansion joint
US3019820A (en) * 1957-02-28 1962-02-06 Joseph W Yowell Corrugated tubing
US3146746A (en) * 1959-12-04 1964-09-01 Metallschlauchfabrik Ag Multiple walled corrugated tubing
US3194041A (en) * 1960-11-07 1965-07-13 Herbert G Johnson Method for forming corrugated tubes
US3234969A (en) * 1961-02-24 1966-02-15 Mont Jerome Bernard Cliffor Du Multibore corrugated flexible hose
US3913623A (en) * 1972-07-17 1975-10-21 Emil Siegwart Flexible corrugated tube
DE2617931A1 (en) * 1976-04-23 1977-11-03 Huebner Gummi & Kunststoff BELLOWS
US4216801A (en) * 1976-08-27 1980-08-12 Flexible Plastic Straw Corporation Flexible tube
US4360042A (en) * 1978-12-07 1982-11-23 Hancor, Inc. Arched conduit with improved corrugations
US4340089A (en) * 1979-11-29 1982-07-20 Iwk Regler Und Kompensatoren Gmbh Bellows element
DE2948065C2 (en) * 1979-11-29 1983-11-17 IWK Regler und Kompensatoren GmbH, 7513 Stutensee Bellows
FR2470888A1 (en) * 1979-11-29 1981-06-12 Iwk Regler Kompensatoren BELLOWS CONNECTION FOR GAS OR LIQUID
US4523613A (en) * 1980-07-01 1985-06-18 Hancor, Inc. Multi-layered corrugated conduit with "black-eye" like apertures
US4709731A (en) * 1985-04-01 1987-12-01 Liang Wang Flexible element of (dual) wave crest
US4753833A (en) * 1986-09-26 1988-06-28 Fishgal Semyon I Hollow article with zigzag projections
DE19930151C2 (en) * 1999-06-30 2003-09-18 Kirchner Fraenk Rohr Process for the production of a corrugated plastic pipe
DE19930151A1 (en) * 1999-06-30 2001-01-11 Kirchner Fraenk Rohr Corrugated pipe for use as a protective cable cover has corrugations with tops and bottoms joined to one another by flanks whose angle is greater than a right angle, so that an undercut corrugation section is formed
US20020125719A1 (en) * 2001-01-05 2002-09-12 Iwka Balg-Und Kompensatoren-Technologie Gmbh Pipe element for bending pipe sections
US20020132130A1 (en) * 2001-03-15 2002-09-19 Contech Construction Products Inc. , Corrugated structural metal plate
US6524722B2 (en) * 2001-03-15 2003-02-25 Contech Technologies, Inc. Corrugated structural metal plate
US20040112339A1 (en) * 2001-11-30 2004-06-17 Werner Berger Fuel injection system
US6843233B2 (en) * 2001-11-30 2005-01-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection system
US20030201116A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2003-10-30 Andrew Corporation Low-cost, high performance, moisture-blocking, coaxial cable and manufacturing method
US6693241B2 (en) * 2002-04-24 2004-02-17 Andrew Corporation Low-cost, high performance, moisture-blocking, coaxial cable and manufacturing method
US6912777B2 (en) 2002-04-24 2005-07-05 Andrew Corporation Method of manufacturing a high-performance, water blocking coaxial cable
DE10316628B4 (en) * 2003-04-11 2021-02-04 Umfotec Gmbh Method of manufacturing a tubular jacket damper
US20060022459A1 (en) * 2004-07-30 2006-02-02 Nobuaki Niki Hose with corrugated tube
EP1832216A1 (en) * 2006-03-09 2007-09-12 Samsung Gwangju Electronics Co., Ltd. Flexible hose and vacuum cleaner having the same
US9637907B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2017-05-02 Stormtech Llc Corrugated stormwater chamber having sub-corrugations
US9556576B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2017-01-31 Stormtech Llc Corrugated stormwater chamber having sub-corrugations
US11242677B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2022-02-08 Stormtech Llc Corrugated stormwater chamber having sub-corrugations
US9885171B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2018-02-06 Stormtech Llc Corrugated stormwater chamber having sub-corrugations
US10253490B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2019-04-09 Stormtech Llc Corrugated stormwater chamber having sub-corrugations
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