US2869318A - Voluminous yarn - Google Patents
Voluminous yarn Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2869318A US2869318A US435357A US43535754A US2869318A US 2869318 A US2869318 A US 2869318A US 435357 A US435357 A US 435357A US 43535754 A US43535754 A US 43535754A US 2869318 A US2869318 A US 2869318A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- yarn
- heating
- crimp
- cellulose
- voluminous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 14
- -1 organic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241001589086 Bellapiscis medius Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920008347 Cellulose acetate propionate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 2
- YEVQZPWSVWZAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(bromomethyl)-1-iodo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=C(I)C(CBr)=C1 YEVQZPWSVWZAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920013683 Celanese Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C1OC1C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(COC(=O)CC)O1 DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000699696 Meriones Species 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZMZINYUKVRMNTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;formic acid Chemical compound OC=O.CC(O)=O ZMZINYUKVRMNTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004063 butyryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001727 cellulose butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006218 cellulose propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002380 dibutyl phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N levoglucosan Chemical group O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2CO[C@@H]1O2 TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093635 tributyl phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RXPQRKFMDQNODS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCOP(=O)(OCCC)OCCC RXPQRKFMDQNODS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
- D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
- D02G1/0286—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist characterised by the use of certain filaments, fibres or yarns
Definitions
- This invention relates to voluminous yarn and relates more particularly to a process for the production of voluminous yarn from yarn having a basis of an organic acid ester of cellulose having a high degree of substitution, and to the product produced by said process.
- voluminous organic acid ester of cellulose yarn such as voluminous cellulose acetate yarn
- This process can be carried out as a multistep operation by taking up the twisted yarn in the form of a package, treating the package of, yarn so as to set the twist in the yarn, and then untwisting the yarn.
- the processing of the yarn is carried out in a continuous manner, for example, by passing the yarn through a false twist spindle wherein it is first twisted and then untwisted, and treating the yarn during its passage through the false twist spindle so as to set the twist therein.
- the yarn obtained in this manner has a good bulk and covering power and a soft hand owing to the fact that the individual filaments in the yarn are crimped in an irregular manner.
- A. further object of this invention is to provide a process for the production of voluminous yarn from yarn having a basis of an organic acid ester of cellulose having a high degree of substitution, which will yield a yarn having a crimp that is highly resistant to removal.
- Another object of this invention is to provide a voluminous organic acid ester of cellulose yarn from yarn having a basis of an organic acid ester of cellulose having a high de ree of substitution, which yarn has a crimp therein that is highly resistant to removal.
- a voluminous yarn is prepared from multifilament yarn having a basis of an organic acid ester of cellulose having a high degree of substitution, by twisting and untwisting the saidyarn' 2,869,318 Patented-Ian. 20, 1959 and treating the yarn so as to set the crimp therein. It has been found that the filaments in a voluminous yarn prepared in this manner will retain a substantial proportion of their crimp during the conversion of said yarn into a fabric by knitting, weaving or the like. They will also retain a substantial proportion of their crimp during the hot wet treatments to which the fabrics containing the same are normally subjected during their dyeing and finishing, as well as during their cleaning and washing in use.
- these yarns are well suited for the production of fabrics whose bulk and covering power is high compared to their weight, which possesses a soft hand and high elasticity, and which will retain these properties during use. They are especiallywell suited for the production of knitted fabrics particularly in view of the fact that fabrics containing these yarns exhibit a high degree of resilience and retain such resilience even after extended use.
- the organic acid esters of cellulose which may be employed in manufacturing the yarn to which this'invention is applicable are those containing fewer than about 0.5 hydro-Xyl groups or preferably fewer than about 0.25 hydroxyl groups per anhydroglucose unit in the cellulose molecules.
- An organic acid ester of cellulose falling within this class which gives especially valuable results is cellulose acetate having an acetyl value of at least about 57% by weight or preferably at least about 60% by weight.
- other organic acid esters of cellulose falling within this class which may be used include cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate as well as the mixed esters cellulose acetate formate, cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate.
- cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate the free hydroxyl content should be within the range specified and the propionate and butyrate content should not be more than about 30% by weight, to permit the development of crystallinity in the yarns prepared therefrom.
- organic acid esters of cellulose may be converted into yarns by conventional spinning techniques, for example, by extruding a solution or dope containing the cellulose ester through a spinnerette into an evaporative medium or into a liquid coagulating medium.
- the organic acid esters of cellulose may also be converted to yarns by urging the cellulose esters against a heated plate containing spinning orifices therein whereby the esters will be softened or melted and forced through the spinning orifices.
- the yarn prepared from such organic acid esters of cellulose is voluminized by twisting ad untwisting the same and treating the yarn so as to set the crimp therein.
- the twist multiplier is equal to the twist in turns per inch multiplied by the square root of the yarn denier.
- the voluminizing of the yarn may be carried out as a multistep operation by twisting the yarn on a conventional twister, which may be a ring twister, a cap twister, a flyer twister, or the like and taking up the twisted yarn in the form of a package.
- the packages of yarn are treated as will be described in detail below in order to relax the stresses introduced by the high twist and to develop a high degree of crystallinity and crystalline order in the yarn thereby making the crimp introduced by the high twist permanent.
- the yarn is then drawn from the package and untwisted on a conventional twister which may be of the type listed above.
- the untwisting of the yarn may be carried out to remove all the twist from the yarn, or to leave a small amount of twist in the yarn, or the yarn maybe untwisted completely and a small amount of reverse twist inserted therein, all depending on the characteristics desired in the final product.
- the twisting and untwisting of the yarn are carried out as a continuous operation by passingthe yarn through a false twist spindle wherein it is first twisted and then untwisted. During its passage through the false twist spindle the yarn is treated so as to set the twist therein.
- False twist spindles suitable for carrying out the treatment of the yarn are shown, for example, in U. S. Patents Nos. 2,089,198 and 2,089,199 to Finlayson et al. and in Stoll, application S. No. 376,- 306, filed August 25, 1953.
- a yarn in which only a portion of the crystallinity and crystalline order has been developed may be wound into a package under low tension or knitted into a fabric, and the package of yarn or the fabric may be treated further to develop a high degree of crystallinity and crystalline order in the yarn.
- the crimp in the yarn is made permanent and the development of crystallinity and crystalline order in the yarn is efifected by heating the yarn to an elevated temperature for a period of time depending on the temperature employed.
- the temperature to which the yarn is heated may range from as low as about 150 C. in which case the heating period may range up to about 5 seconds to as high as about 260 C. in which case the heating period may be as short as about 0.5 second.
- the heating, with dry heat may, for example, be carried out using heated air or other heated gas as the heating medium, or by using radiant heat from an electric, gas or other heating element.
- the heating of the yarn may also be carried out by bringing the yarn into contact with a heated surface such as a roll, plate or the like, or by a combination of several of these expedients.
- the heating of the yarn to develop crystallinity therein may also be carried out using steam or hot water in contact with the yarn as the heating medium.
- steam the heating temperature may range from as low as about 150 C. in which case the heating period may range up to about 5 seconds, to as high as about 200 C. in which case the heating period may be as short as about 0.5 second.
- the heating with steam or hot water may, for example, be carried out by passing theyarn through a vessel or chamber into which the heating medium is admitted at the desired temperatures and corresponding pressures.
- the heating of the yarn may also be carried out while the yarn contains'a swelling agent or plasticizer, hereinafter called a plasticizer, for the organic acid ester of cellulose-
- a plasticizer for the organic acid ester of cellulose-
- the plasticizer may be incorporated into the yarn when it is. spun, or it may be applied to the yarn either prior to or as a part of the voluminizing treatment.
- The-use of aplasticizer permits the treatment ofi the yarn to be carried out atlower temperatures and:
- the plasticizer may, if desired, be removed from the yarn, for example, by washing the yarn with a solvent for the plasticizer which is a non-solvent for the yarn.
- suitable plasticizers for this purpose include, for example, diethylphthalate, dibutylphthalate, tripropylphosphate, tributylphosphate, and trioctylphosphate.
- the voluminized yarn prepared in accordance with this invention retains its crimp during all the treatments to which it is subjected in the manufacture of fabrics, in the dyeing and finishing of said fabrics and also in the use of said fabrics.
- This yarn may be used alone or it may be doubled with other voluminized yarns, or with other yarns that have not been voluminized. It may also be doubled with yarns that may be shrunk by suitable treatment whereby it is possible to obtain products having a unique decorative appearance.
- the degree of crystallinity and crystalline order may be readily determined by means of X-ray diffraction studies.
- the untreated yarn shows a relatively diffuse X-ray diffraction pattern indicating that there is comparatively little crystalline matter in the yarn.
- the yarn shows a sharp X-ray diffraction pattern indicating the presence of relatively large amounts of crystalline matter in the yarn.
- Example A multifilament denier yarn of cellulose acetate having an acetyl value of 61.4% by weight is passed through a false twist spindle of the type shown in the Stoll application referred to above. During its passage through the false twist spindle, 55 turns per inch are inserted into the yarn and then removed from the yarn. The yarn is also heated to a temperature of C. for a period of 2 seconds with hot air as it passes through the false twist spindle and is then taken up on a bobbin. The individual filaments in the treated yarn are highly crimped so that the yarn has good bulk and covering power and a soft hand. In addition, the yarn retains these properties substantially unchanged under various stresses. For example, when the yarn, or a fabric knitted from the said yarn, is immersed in boiling water and then removed and dried it retains these properties substantially unchanged.
- the X-ray diffraction pattern of the yarn is sharp indicating that it has a high degree of crystallinity and crystalline order.
- the untreated yarn on the other hand has a diffuse X-ray diffraction pattern indicating that it has little crystallinity.
- acetyl, propionyl and butyryl values given herein are all calculated as the corresponding acids, namely, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid.
- Process for the production of voluminous yarn from yarn having a basis of cellulose acetate having an acetyl value of at least about 60% by weight which comprises twisting and untwisting the yarn, and heating the yarn to a temperature of between about 150 and 260 C. for a period of about at least 5 seconds and at least 0.5 second, respectively, to set the crimp therein, the time and temperature of heating being sufiicient to change the original diffuse X-ray diffraction pattern to a sharp pattern and being sufficient to produce a product which retains its crimp when immersed in boiling water and then removed and dried.
- Process for the production of voluminous yarn from yarn having a basis of cellulose acetate having an acetyl value of at least about 60% by weight which. comprises twisting, and untwisting the yarn, and heating the yarn in steam at a temperature of 150 to 200 C. for about 0.5 to 5 seconds to set the crimp therein, the time and temperature of heating being sufficient to change the original diffuse X-ray difiraction pattern to a sharp pattern and being sutficient to produce a product which retains its crimp when immersed in boiling water and then removed and dried.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Description
Unite t States Patent VOLUMINOUS YARN Hans R. Stucki, Summit, N. J., assignor to Celanese Corporation of America, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application June 8, 1954 Serial No. 435,357
4 Claims. (Cl. 57-157) This invention relates to voluminous yarn and relates more particularly to a process for the production of voluminous yarn from yarn having a basis of an organic acid ester of cellulose having a high degree of substitution, and to the product produced by said process.
It has previously been proposed to produce voluminous organic acid ester of cellulose yarn, such as voluminous cellulose acetate yarn, by twisting the said yarn, setting the twist therein, and then untwisting the yarn. This process can be carried out as a multistep operation by taking up the twisted yarn in the form of a package, treating the package of, yarn so as to set the twist in the yarn, and then untwisting the yarn. Preferably, however, the processing of the yarn is carried out in a continuous manner, for example, by passing the yarn through a false twist spindle wherein it is first twisted and then untwisted, and treating the yarn during its passage through the false twist spindle so as to set the twist therein. The yarn obtained in this manner has a good bulk and covering power and a soft hand owing to the fact that the individual filaments in the yarn are crimped in an irregular manner.
When this process is applied to cellulose acetate yarns of commerce, i. e. cellulose acetate yarns made from acetone-soluble cellulose acetate having an acetyl value between about 52 and 56% by weight, it is found that a high proportion of the crimp is removed from the filaments in the yarns by the stresses to which said yarns are subjected during their conversion into a fabric as by weaving, knitting, or the like. A further proportion. of the crimp is removed from the filaments in the yarns during the hot wet treatments of the fabrics containing said yarns in the dyeing and finishing of said fabrics as well as in the cleaning and washing of said fabrics during use. This loss in crimp produces a corresponding loss in the bulk and covering power as well as in the hand of the yarn and the fabrics containing the same which is undesirable.
It is an important object of this invention to provide for the production of voluminous yarn from yarn having a basis of an organic acid ester of cellulose having a high degree of substitution, which will be free from the foregoing and other difficulties.
A. further object of this invention is to provide a process for the production of voluminous yarn from yarn having a basis of an organic acid ester of cellulose having a high degree of substitution, which will yield a yarn having a crimp that is highly resistant to removal.
Another object of this invention is to provide a voluminous organic acid ester of cellulose yarn from yarn having a basis of an organic acid ester of cellulose having a high de ree of substitution, which yarn has a crimp therein that is highly resistant to removal.
Other objects of this invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and claims.
l-According to the present invention, a voluminous yarn is prepared from multifilament yarn having a basis of an organic acid ester of cellulose having a high degree of substitution, by twisting and untwisting the saidyarn' 2,869,318 Patented-Ian. 20, 1959 and treating the yarn so as to set the crimp therein. It has been found that the filaments in a voluminous yarn prepared in this manner will retain a substantial proportion of their crimp during the conversion of said yarn into a fabric by knitting, weaving or the like. They will also retain a substantial proportion of their crimp during the hot wet treatments to which the fabrics containing the same are normally subjected during their dyeing and finishing, as well as during their cleaning and washing in use. As a result, these yarns are well suited for the production of fabrics whose bulk and covering power is high compared to their weight, which possesses a soft hand and high elasticity, and which will retain these properties during use. They are especiallywell suited for the production of knitted fabrics particularly in view of the fact that fabrics containing these yarns exhibit a high degree of resilience and retain such resilience even after extended use.
The organic acid esters of cellulose which may be employed in manufacturing the yarn to which this'invention is applicable are those containing fewer than about 0.5 hydro-Xyl groups or preferably fewer than about 0.25 hydroxyl groups per anhydroglucose unit in the cellulose molecules. An organic acid ester of cellulose falling within this class which gives especially valuable results is cellulose acetate having an acetyl value of at least about 57% by weight or preferably at least about 60% by weight. However, other organic acid esters of cellulose falling within this class which may be used include cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate as well as the mixed esters cellulose acetate formate, cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate. In the case of the mixed esters, cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate the free hydroxyl content should be within the range specified and the propionate and butyrate content should not be more than about 30% by weight, to permit the development of crystallinity in the yarns prepared therefrom. These organic acid esters of cellulose may be converted into yarns by conventional spinning techniques, for example, by extruding a solution or dope containing the cellulose ester through a spinnerette into an evaporative medium or into a liquid coagulating medium. The organic acid esters of cellulose may also be converted to yarns by urging the cellulose esters against a heated plate containing spinning orifices therein whereby the esters will be softened or melted and forced through the spinning orifices.
The yarn prepared from such organic acid esters of cellulose is voluminized by twisting ad untwisting the same and treating the yarn so as to set the crimp therein. During the twisting of the yarns there may be inserted into the yarn a twist corresponding to a twist multiplier of from 500 to 1000 with the higher twists giving a product of greater bulk and elasticity. The twist multiplier is equal to the twist in turns per inch multiplied by the square root of the yarn denier. The voluminizing of the yarn may be carried out as a multistep operation by twisting the yarn on a conventional twister, which may be a ring twister, a cap twister, a flyer twister, or the like and taking up the twisted yarn in the form of a package. Thereafter, the packages of yarn are treated as will be described in detail below in order to relax the stresses introduced by the high twist and to develop a high degree of crystallinity and crystalline order in the yarn thereby making the crimp introduced by the high twist permanent. The yarn is then drawn from the package and untwisted on a conventional twister which may be of the type listed above. The untwisting of the yarn may be carried out to remove all the twist from the yarn, or to leave a small amount of twist in the yarn, or the yarn maybe untwisted completely and a small amount of reverse twist inserted therein, all depending on the characteristics desired in the final product.
Preferably, however, the twisting and untwisting of the yarn are carried out as a continuous operation by passingthe yarn through a false twist spindle wherein it is first twisted and then untwisted. During its passage through the false twist spindle the yarn is treated so as to set the twist therein. False twist spindles suitable for carrying out the treatment of the yarn are shown, for example, in U. S. Patents Nos. 2,089,198 and 2,089,199 to Finlayson et al. and in Stoll, application S. No. 376,- 306, filed August 25, 1953. Although it is necessary to relax the stresses in the yarn and to develop a high degree of crystallinity and crystalline order in the yarn in order to make the crimp therein resistant to removal, not all of the crystallinity and crystalline order need be developed in the yarn during the twisting and untwisting of the yarn. Instead, aportion of the treatment to develop crystallinity in the yarn may be carried out during the twisting and untwisting of the yarn, following which the yarn may be treated further as such or in the form of a fabric to develop a high degree of crystallinity and crystalline order therein. Care should be taken, in this case, to hold the stresses imposed on the yarn to a minimum until this further treatment to develop crystallinity and crystalline order has been completed since such stresses will tend to remove crimp from the filaments in the yarn. For example, a yarn in which only a portion of the crystallinity and crystalline order has been developed may be wound into a package under low tension or knitted into a fabric, and the package of yarn or the fabric may be treated further to develop a high degree of crystallinity and crystalline order in the yarn.
The crimp in the yarn is made permanent and the development of crystallinity and crystalline order in the yarn is efifected by heating the yarn to an elevated temperature for a period of time depending on the temperature employed. When the heating of the yarn is carried out in a continuous process using dry heat, the temperature to which the yarn is heated may range from as low as about 150 C. in which case the heating period may range up to about 5 seconds to as high as about 260 C. in which case the heating period may be as short as about 0.5 second. The heating, with dry heat, may, for example, be carried out using heated air or other heated gas as the heating medium, or by using radiant heat from an electric, gas or other heating element. The heating of the yarn may also be carried out by bringing the yarn into contact with a heated surface such as a roll, plate or the like, or by a combination of several of these expedients. The heating of the yarn to develop crystallinity therein may also be carried out using steam or hot water in contact with the yarn as the heating medium. In this case, somewhat lower heating temperatures or shorter heating periods will be adequate to develop a high degree of crystallinity in the yarn. Thus, with steam, the heating temperature may range from as low as about 150 C. in which case the heating period may range up to about 5 seconds, to as high as about 200 C. in which case the heating period may be as short as about 0.5 second. The heating with steam or hot water may, for example, be carried out by passing theyarn through a vessel or chamber into which the heating medium is admitted at the desired temperatures and corresponding pressures.
The heating of the yarn may also be carried out while the yarn contains'a swelling agent or plasticizer, hereinafter called a plasticizer, for the organic acid ester of cellulose- The plasticizer may be incorporated into the yarn when it is. spun, or it may be applied to the yarn either prior to or as a part of the voluminizing treatment. The-use of aplasticizer permits the treatment ofi the yarn to be carried out atlower temperatures and:
with shorter heating periods. Following the treatment of the yarn, the plasticizer may, if desired, be removed from the yarn, for example, by washing the yarn with a solvent for the plasticizer which is a non-solvent for the yarn. Suitable plasticizers for this purpose include, for example, diethylphthalate, dibutylphthalate, tripropylphosphate, tributylphosphate, and trioctylphosphate.
The voluminized yarn prepared in accordance with this invention retains its crimp during all the treatments to which it is subjected in the manufacture of fabrics, in the dyeing and finishing of said fabrics and also in the use of said fabrics. This yarn may be used alone or it may be doubled with other voluminized yarns, or with other yarns that have not been voluminized. It may also be doubled with yarns that may be shrunk by suitable treatment whereby it is possible to obtain products having a unique decorative appearance.
The degree of crystallinity and crystalline order may be readily determined by means of X-ray diffraction studies. The untreated yarn shows a relatively diffuse X-ray diffraction pattern indicating that there is comparatively little crystalline matter in the yarn. After treatment, however, the yarn shows a sharp X-ray diffraction pattern indicating the presence of relatively large amounts of crystalline matter in the yarn.
The following example is given to illustrate this invention further.
Example A multifilament denier yarn of cellulose acetate having an acetyl value of 61.4% by weight is passed through a false twist spindle of the type shown in the Stoll application referred to above. During its passage through the false twist spindle, 55 turns per inch are inserted into the yarn and then removed from the yarn. The yarn is also heated to a temperature of C. for a period of 2 seconds with hot air as it passes through the false twist spindle and is then taken up on a bobbin. The individual filaments in the treated yarn are highly crimped so that the yarn has good bulk and covering power and a soft hand. In addition, the yarn retains these properties substantially unchanged under various stresses. For example, when the yarn, or a fabric knitted from the said yarn, is immersed in boiling water and then removed and dried it retains these properties substantially unchanged.
The X-ray diffraction pattern of the yarn is sharp indicating that it has a high degree of crystallinity and crystalline order. The untreated yarn, on the other hand has a diffuse X-ray diffraction pattern indicating that it has little crystallinity.
The acetyl, propionyl and butyryl values given herein are all calculated as the corresponding acids, namely, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid.
It is to be understood that the foregoing detailed description is given merely by way of illustration and that many variations may be made therein without departing from the spirit of my invention.
Having described my invention what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. Process for the production of voluminous yarn from yarn having a basis of cellulose acetate having an acetyl value of at least about 60% by weight, which comprises twisting and untwisting the yarn, and heating the yarn to a temperature of between about 150 and 260 C. for a period of about at least 5 seconds and at least 0.5 second, respectively, to set the crimp therein, the time and temperature of heating being sufiicient to change the original diffuse X-ray diffraction pattern to a sharp pattern and being sufficient to produce a product which retains its crimp when immersed in boiling water and then removed and dried.
2. Process for the production of voluminous yarn from yarn having a basis of cellulose acetate having an acetyl value of at least about 60% by weight, which. comprises twisting, and untwisting the yarn, and heating the yarn in steam at a temperature of 150 to 200 C. for about 0.5 to 5 seconds to set the crimp therein, the time and temperature of heating being sufficient to change the original diffuse X-ray difiraction pattern to a sharp pattern and being sutficient to produce a product which retains its crimp when immersed in boiling water and then removed and dried.
3. Process as set forth in claim 1 in which the twisting and untwisting are effected in a continuous false twisting of said yarn, and said heating of the yarn takes place during said false twisting.
4. Process as set forth in claim 2 in which the twisting and untwisting are effected in a continuous false twisting of said yarn, and said heating of the yarn takes place during said false twisting.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,174,607 Taylor Oct. 3, 1939 2,244,832 Finl'ayson et al June 10, 1941 2,517,694 Merion et a1 Aug. 8, 1950 OTHER REFERENCES
Claims (1)
1. PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VOLUMINOUS YARN FROM YARN HAVING A BASIS OF CELLULOSE ACETATE HAVING AN ACETYL VALUE OF AT LEAST ABOUT 60% BY WEIGHT, WHICH COMPRISES TWISTING AND UNTWISTING THE YARN, AND HEATING THE YARN TO A TEMPERATURE OF BETWEEN ABOUT 150* AND 260* C. FOR A PERIOD OF ABOUT AT LEAST 5 SECONDS AND AT LEAST 0.5 SECOND, RESPECTIVELY, TO SET THE CRIMP THEREIN, THE TIME AND TEMPERATURE OF HEATING BEING SUFFICIENT TO CHANGE THE ORIGINAL DIFFUSE X-RAY DIFFRACTION PATTERN TO A SHARP PATTERN AND BEING SUFFICIENT TO PRODUCE A PRODUCT WHICH RETAINS ITS CRIMP WHEN IMMERSED IN BOILING WATER AND THEN REMOVED AND DRIED.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US435357A US2869318A (en) | 1954-06-08 | 1954-06-08 | Voluminous yarn |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US435357A US2869318A (en) | 1954-06-08 | 1954-06-08 | Voluminous yarn |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2869318A true US2869318A (en) | 1959-01-20 |
Family
ID=23728066
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US435357A Expired - Lifetime US2869318A (en) | 1954-06-08 | 1954-06-08 | Voluminous yarn |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2869318A (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3006137A (en) * | 1959-05-04 | 1961-10-31 | Du Pont | Fluid twisting apparatus |
US3012396A (en) * | 1955-07-05 | 1961-12-12 | Celanese Corp | Process for producing voluminous yarn |
US3022545A (en) * | 1956-09-06 | 1962-02-27 | British Celanese | Process for crimping cellulose triacetate fibers |
US3057038A (en) * | 1957-06-05 | 1962-10-09 | Celanese Corp | Wet spun cellulose triacetate |
US3108430A (en) * | 1960-02-25 | 1963-10-29 | Toyo Rayon Co Ltd | Process for preparation of stretch yarn |
US3123973A (en) * | 1964-03-10 | Process for the production of fancy | ||
US3279164A (en) * | 1959-05-04 | 1966-10-18 | Du Pont | Fluid jet process for twisting yarn |
US3311687A (en) * | 1960-12-06 | 1967-03-28 | Scragg Frederick | Process for manufacturing a monofilament |
US3310857A (en) * | 1963-10-14 | 1967-03-28 | Celanese Corp | Method of texturing secondary cellulose acetate yarn |
US3313011A (en) * | 1963-10-14 | 1967-04-11 | Celanese Corp | Method of texturing triacetate yarn |
US3316705A (en) * | 1958-05-13 | 1967-05-02 | Scragg & Sons | Production of artificial yarns |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2174607A (en) * | 1936-05-01 | 1939-10-03 | Celanese Corp | Production of cellulose derivative staple fiber yarns |
US2244832A (en) * | 1937-12-04 | 1941-06-10 | Celanese Corp | Production of textile threads |
US2517694A (en) * | 1943-09-14 | 1950-08-08 | American Viscose Corp | Crimped artificial filament |
-
1954
- 1954-06-08 US US435357A patent/US2869318A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2174607A (en) * | 1936-05-01 | 1939-10-03 | Celanese Corp | Production of cellulose derivative staple fiber yarns |
US2244832A (en) * | 1937-12-04 | 1941-06-10 | Celanese Corp | Production of textile threads |
US2517694A (en) * | 1943-09-14 | 1950-08-08 | American Viscose Corp | Crimped artificial filament |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3123973A (en) * | 1964-03-10 | Process for the production of fancy | ||
US3012396A (en) * | 1955-07-05 | 1961-12-12 | Celanese Corp | Process for producing voluminous yarn |
US3022545A (en) * | 1956-09-06 | 1962-02-27 | British Celanese | Process for crimping cellulose triacetate fibers |
US3057038A (en) * | 1957-06-05 | 1962-10-09 | Celanese Corp | Wet spun cellulose triacetate |
US3316705A (en) * | 1958-05-13 | 1967-05-02 | Scragg & Sons | Production of artificial yarns |
US3462933A (en) * | 1958-05-13 | 1969-08-26 | Mecasta Corp The | False twist crimping apparatus |
US3006137A (en) * | 1959-05-04 | 1961-10-31 | Du Pont | Fluid twisting apparatus |
US3279164A (en) * | 1959-05-04 | 1966-10-18 | Du Pont | Fluid jet process for twisting yarn |
US3108430A (en) * | 1960-02-25 | 1963-10-29 | Toyo Rayon Co Ltd | Process for preparation of stretch yarn |
US3311687A (en) * | 1960-12-06 | 1967-03-28 | Scragg Frederick | Process for manufacturing a monofilament |
US3310857A (en) * | 1963-10-14 | 1967-03-28 | Celanese Corp | Method of texturing secondary cellulose acetate yarn |
US3313011A (en) * | 1963-10-14 | 1967-04-11 | Celanese Corp | Method of texturing triacetate yarn |
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