US2860977A - Photographic foam processing - Google Patents

Photographic foam processing Download PDF

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Publication number
US2860977A
US2860977A US376733A US37673353A US2860977A US 2860977 A US2860977 A US 2860977A US 376733 A US376733 A US 376733A US 37673353 A US37673353 A US 37673353A US 2860977 A US2860977 A US 2860977A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
foam
layer
sheet
photographic
processing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US376733A
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English (en)
Inventor
Leonard W Tregillus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE531104D priority Critical patent/BE531104A/xx
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US376733A priority patent/US2860977A/en
Priority to DEE9469A priority patent/DE951546C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2860977A publication Critical patent/US2860977A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03D5/00—Liquid processing apparatus in which no immersion is effected; Washing apparatus in which no immersion is effected
    • G03D5/04—Liquid processing apparatus in which no immersion is effected; Washing apparatus in which no immersion is effected using liquid sprays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
    • G03C5/261—Non-bath processes, e.g. using pastes, webs, viscous compositions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C8/00—Diffusion transfer processes or agents therefor; Photosensitive materials for such processes
    • G03C8/32—Development processes or agents therefor
    • G03C8/36—Developers
    • G03C8/365—Developers containing silver-halide solvents

Definitions

  • This invention relates to photographic processes and particularly to a method for processing photographic layers.
  • FIG. l is a perspective view showing a method of applying the foam to a spreading device
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing the manner. in which the spreading device applies the foam to a photosensitive sheet
  • c Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing a method of transfer of a foam-developed photographic image to a second sheet.
  • Foam as used herein means a system consisting of a concentrated dispersion of gas bubbles in-a liquid.
  • the gas bubbles may be macroscopic, microscopic or ultramicroscopic, whereas the layers of liquid which separate them are of micronic or submicronic dimensions (10 to 5 ma).
  • a foam may therefore be considered as a system of laminae which enclose gas bubbles in the interstices (see Thorpes Dictionary of Applied Chemistry, I. F. Thorpe and M. A. Whitely, Longmans, Green and Company, London, 1941).
  • the volume of liquid is preferably between 2% and of the foam volume.
  • the novel feature of my invention is the foam processingof the photographic sheet.
  • the physical structure andstability of the foam may be varied within wide limits to meet the requirements of the particular process and application for which it is. intended.
  • suitable choice 2. of foaming agents it is possible to produce foams consisting of large or small bubbles carrying a minimum or maximum of liquid and having a stability from less than a second to several hours or days. With a foam of short life, for example, 3 seconds,it.is possible to spread the foam over the photosensitive sheet and the bubbles break down almost immediately to leave. a uniformflayer of liquid on the sheet.
  • foams require that the. parentliquid must possess certain physical' properties such as low surface tension, a high spreading coefficient,.low volatility, etc.
  • a foaming agent generally surface-active, is usually added to the solution to produce afoam of the required A stability. Solutions for photographic processing in most cases contain fairly high concentrations; of electrolytes some of which may have foaming or anti-foaming prop.- erties. The type offoaming agent to be added is, therefore, dependent on the composition of ,the solution and its pH. Foams of short life may be produced from; certain developing solutions by the addition of lower alkyl.
  • alcohols e. g., isopropyl alcohol, nbutyl alcoholyter-y tiary butyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol.
  • acid;stabilizing ,baths short life foams may be producedbythe acid itself, e. g., acetic acid.
  • foamingvagent For longer-lifed foams; a more highly surface-active agent is required.
  • Cationic detergents e. g., AerosollB (diisobutyl sodium sulfosuccinate), may beused for solu-' tions of low pH.
  • anionic detergents e.' g., Duponol ME (sodium lauryl sulfate) for solutions ofjhigh pH.
  • foam-producing non-ionic surface-active agents aresaponin and Onyxol 9162 (a condensed fatty acid alkanolamideLwhichmay beused in acid or alkaline solutions.
  • the choice of a foamingvagent depends onthe specific composition of the solution. In an acid stabilization bath, for example, a short-lifed foam is ob-..
  • a particular advantage of the foam processing system is that the means for si ipplying the foam may he andis "posable completely .s'elf-contai'ned unit. Apparatus of this'type' is in use 'commercially for dispensing whipped cream' a nd shaving lather. Ina photographic processing systemthe'foam making cans containing the appropriate s'olutionsmay be attached'to the processing apparatus to supply'foam'fas required, thus eliminating the need for trays or complicated liquid spreading means.
  • De foarning may be brought about by physical or "1 chemical means.
  • the suction of the capillary action of blotting ⁇ paper-" willcause a foam to collapse with great rapidity, particularly if the normal life of the foam is less than one minute.
  • the blotting paper serves as'an eflicient trap' for the excess liquid from the foam.
  • the removal of a stable foam from the-surface of the photographic sheet may be accomplished by the application of a squeegee or doctor blade, or passage of the 'sheetbetween a pair of wringer rollers.
  • Apparatus for 'foam processing must provide principally a means of applying the foam to the photosensitive s'urface.
  • the photographic sheet, emulsion sidedown was moved over the top of the Biichner funnel with fritted glass disc, from which the foam rwas issuing.- After-allowing a few seconds for development to take place the sheet was squeegeed.
  • a 'stable foam is used the problem of containment of the foam, is simplified in that there is a minimum tendency for the foam to run.
  • Thephotosensitive sheet may con- I .stitu te the top, bottom or side of the space in which the 'foam is released. Instead of a squeegee, a wringer roller ,may -be 'employed to remove the excess liquid' or foam.
  • FIG. 1 Anelementary system for developing and processing a sheet of silver halide photosensitive paper with a stable foam is shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawing.
  • a spreading device consisting of a doctor blade 10 set at an acute angle and two side members 11, serving to hold the doctor blade 10 at its predetermined angle, is first sprayed as in Figure 1, while in tainer 12.
  • the spreading device in an upright position, is first sprayed as in Figure 1, while in tainer 12.
  • Foam processing is also especially suited to the method described in Yutzy and Yackel U. S. Patent 2,740,717, in which the negative developer is contained within the nega-.
  • the receiving sheet contains compounds which precipitate the silver' i complex ions diffusing from the negative sheet without the aid of a developing agent, thereby eliminating the problem.
  • a foam processing agent may be applied to a sensitive material described in Yutzyand Yackel
  • the method of processing a material of the solvent transfer type is illustrated by the sectional view of Fig. 3 Asshown therein, a sheet of paper or other suitable flexiaq ble support 18 has thereon a silver halide emulsion layer" 19 which may or may not contain a developing agent.”
  • This layer is exposed in the usual way and a foam of processing agent 20 'is then applied to it and spread over' i the photosensitive surface in any suitable manner.
  • the ⁇ sheet carrying the foam is then placed in contact with a receiving sheet 21 and the sandwich is passed between wringer rollers 22 which press the two sheets together.
  • the receiving sheet 21 be water-proof in order that the sandwich does not become too dry during the course of the transfer operation owing to the absorption of liquid by the paper base of sheet 21. If receiving sheet 21 is,
  • sheets 18 and 21 willsupply enough moisture for'th'e' transfer operation.
  • a further use of foam processing is in aerial protorecon-'- j I journey, where it is desirable to process ordinary films v
  • a second foam containing stabilizing agent is dispensed on a" second spreading device from a second pressurized can and the spreading and blotting process befdrethe aircraftjhas returned to its base.
  • Rapid processing of motion picture films for televisionv may be speeded up with reduction inthe amount of apparatus required because ofthe minimum amount. of solution applied to the film and the consequent reduction in swelling of gelatin.
  • foam. can .be .used. easily. to apply solution .to only one side ofthe film. at a time.
  • Foam solutions may be ifcompoundedutodevelop,.
  • Foam processing .techniques may be .used with'v photographic processes .othenthan those based on silver halide sensitivity.
  • Reproduction processes employing diazoniurn compounds maybe simplified by applying the coupling solutions as-afoarn.
  • Development by foam may be applied also to systems based on the photosensitivity of iron salts.
  • Example 1 A sheet of thin coated gelatino-silver chloride paper was exposed to a line image and was then drawn over the top of a foam generator, the foam being produced from 10 cc. of developing solution in a 50 cc. funnel with a fritted glass plate, air being supplied through the stem by means of a hose connected to an air compressor, with a needle valve control.
  • a developing solution was first made up as follows:
  • the image area had good black tones and the non-image areas were resistant to print-out upon exposure to a No. 2 Photofiood lamp for one minute at two inches.
  • Example 2 A sheet of thin-coated gelatino-silver chloride paper was exposed to a line image and processed with a developer and a stabilizer in the manner illustrated by Figures 1 and 2. In order to make up the final developing solution, a developing solution was first made up as follows:
  • the foam of the developing solution was dispensed on the spreading device from which itwa's transferred to the photosensitive paper. After blotting,- the photosensitjive paper had applied 'to it a foam of the stabilizing solution in a similar manner.
  • Example 4 This example illustrates foam processing in a solvent transfer process.
  • a receiving sheet was first prepared in a manner similar to that disclosed by E. H. Land in U. S. Patent No. 2,635,048 by rubbing baryta paper with a mixture consisting of:
  • a negative-speed gelatino-silver bromoiodide emulsion was exposed to a continuous tone image and was developed by foam application in the manner described in Example 1 with a developer consisting of:
  • the method of forming a visible image in an exposed gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer which comprises spreading on said exposed layer a foam consisting of a concentrated dispersion of gas bubbles in a liquid the volume of liquid being between 2% and 30% of the foam volume, said foam containing an aqueous solution of an anionic surface active agent and at least hydroquinone as a developing agent, allowing said foam to remain in contact with said layer for about 5 seconds, removing the excess foam from said layer, spreading on said layer a stabilizing foam of thiourea and a surface-active agent which creates a stable physical foam for an appreciable period of time, allowing said stabilizing foam to remain in contact with said layer for about 10 seconds, and then removing the excess stabilizing foam from said layer.
  • the method of forming a visible image in an exposed gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer which comprises spreading on saidrexposed layer a foam consisting of a concentrated dispersion of gas bubbles in a liquid, the volume of liquid being between 2% and 30% of the foam volume, said foam containing an aqueous solution of approximately 1.2%, hydroquinone, approximately 3%, N-methyl-p-aminophenol sulfate, approximately 4.5%, sodium sulfite and .01 to .1% sodium lauryl sulfate, allowing said foam to remain in contact with said layer for about 5 seconds, removing the excess foarnfrom saidlayen spreading onsaid layer astabilizing foam comvolume, said foam containing thiourea and a.surface active agent which creates a stable physical foam for a appreciable period of time.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US376733A 1953-08-26 1953-08-26 Photographic foam processing Expired - Lifetime US2860977A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE531104D BE531104A (en)) 1953-08-26
US376733A US2860977A (en) 1953-08-26 1953-08-26 Photographic foam processing
DEE9469A DE951546C (de) 1953-08-26 1954-08-26 Verfahren zur Behandlung von belichteten photographischen Materialien

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US376733A US2860977A (en) 1953-08-26 1953-08-26 Photographic foam processing

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3031408A (en) * 1959-08-07 1962-04-24 B T Babbitt Inc Aerosol oven cleanser
US3031409A (en) * 1958-10-27 1962-04-24 B T Babbitt Inc Aerosol oven cleanser
US3249433A (en) * 1957-01-22 1966-05-03 Polaroid Corp Process for preparing a photosensitive element and process of using same in a diffusion transfer method
US3869288A (en) * 1971-02-24 1975-03-04 Leopold S Godowsky Method of developing color film
US4053314A (en) * 1974-08-09 1977-10-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Bunshodo Amine developer liquid for diazotype reproduction
FR2467423A1 (fr) * 1979-10-15 1981-04-17 Girmes Werke Ag Procede pour les traitements de couches photographiques avec un agent tensio-actif

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3177790A (en) * 1961-02-08 1965-04-13 Eastman Kodak Co Processing device and method

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189404689A (en) * 1894-03-06 1895-01-12 James Randolph Courtenay Gale Improvements in the Preparation, Packing, and Storing of Photograhic Chemical Compounds.
US1751881A (en) * 1927-04-22 1930-03-25 American Phototure Company Process for making colored photographs
US2000353A (en) * 1930-01-14 1935-05-07 Agfa Ansco Corp Process of treating photographic layers in a bath containing a wetting agent and new preparations intended for acting on photographic layers
US2178450A (en) * 1938-04-06 1939-10-31 American Cyanamid & Chem Corp Developing photographic films and plates
US2333821A (en) * 1941-11-25 1943-11-09 Eastman Kodak Co Photographing developing and fixing solution
US2375007A (en) * 1943-04-15 1945-05-01 Shell Dev Antifoaming composition
US2453346A (en) * 1945-10-25 1948-11-09 Eastman Kodak Co Stabilization of processed photographic emulsions to high temperatures and humidities
US2578075A (en) * 1949-06-18 1951-12-11 Keuffel & Esser Co Brownprint fixing composition containing alkali thiosulfate, alkali oxalate, and a surface active wetting agent
US2644756A (en) * 1947-02-08 1953-07-07 Polaroid Corp Photographic process for forming a positive transfer image
US2655480A (en) * 1949-11-02 1953-10-13 Spitzer Lather producing composition

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189404689A (en) * 1894-03-06 1895-01-12 James Randolph Courtenay Gale Improvements in the Preparation, Packing, and Storing of Photograhic Chemical Compounds.
US1751881A (en) * 1927-04-22 1930-03-25 American Phototure Company Process for making colored photographs
US2000353A (en) * 1930-01-14 1935-05-07 Agfa Ansco Corp Process of treating photographic layers in a bath containing a wetting agent and new preparations intended for acting on photographic layers
US2178450A (en) * 1938-04-06 1939-10-31 American Cyanamid & Chem Corp Developing photographic films and plates
US2333821A (en) * 1941-11-25 1943-11-09 Eastman Kodak Co Photographing developing and fixing solution
US2375007A (en) * 1943-04-15 1945-05-01 Shell Dev Antifoaming composition
US2453346A (en) * 1945-10-25 1948-11-09 Eastman Kodak Co Stabilization of processed photographic emulsions to high temperatures and humidities
US2644756A (en) * 1947-02-08 1953-07-07 Polaroid Corp Photographic process for forming a positive transfer image
US2578075A (en) * 1949-06-18 1951-12-11 Keuffel & Esser Co Brownprint fixing composition containing alkali thiosulfate, alkali oxalate, and a surface active wetting agent
US2655480A (en) * 1949-11-02 1953-10-13 Spitzer Lather producing composition

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3249433A (en) * 1957-01-22 1966-05-03 Polaroid Corp Process for preparing a photosensitive element and process of using same in a diffusion transfer method
US3031409A (en) * 1958-10-27 1962-04-24 B T Babbitt Inc Aerosol oven cleanser
US3031408A (en) * 1959-08-07 1962-04-24 B T Babbitt Inc Aerosol oven cleanser
US3869288A (en) * 1971-02-24 1975-03-04 Leopold S Godowsky Method of developing color film
US4053314A (en) * 1974-08-09 1977-10-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Bunshodo Amine developer liquid for diazotype reproduction
FR2467423A1 (fr) * 1979-10-15 1981-04-17 Girmes Werke Ag Procede pour les traitements de couches photographiques avec un agent tensio-actif

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DE951546C (de) 1956-10-31
BE531104A (en))

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