US2333821A - Photographing developing and fixing solution - Google Patents
Photographing developing and fixing solution Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2333821A US2333821A US420368A US42036841A US2333821A US 2333821 A US2333821 A US 2333821A US 420368 A US420368 A US 420368A US 42036841 A US42036841 A US 42036841A US 2333821 A US2333821 A US 2333821A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- developing
- fixing
- solutions
- ethers
- cellulose
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- -1 ethoxyl Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960004592 isopropanol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- QMYGFTJCQFEDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxybutyl acetate Chemical group COC(C)CCOC(C)=O QMYGFTJCQFEDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
- G03C5/305—Additives other than developers
Definitions
- This invention relates 'to processing solutionsfor photographic layers of cellulose ethers, containing silver-salts in the body oi. the layer.
- Photographic layers or cellulose ether containing about 39' per cent ethoxyl to about 53 per cent ethoxylcontaining a light sensitive silver salt process very .slowly in the usual aqueous developing and fixing .solutions.
- the object of the present invention to provide'developing and 'flxing solutions which permit the dissolved developing or fixing salts to penetrate readily a cellulose ether layer having an alkox'yl content of about 39 to 53 percent.
- This object is accomplished by incorporating in a developing or fixing solution a swelling agent for cellulose ether.
- the method we use is to take a standard developing or fixing solution and dilute it to the required strength with'water and at the same time add to it a sumcient quantity ofan organic swelling agent to decrease the time of penetration of the solution.
- swelling agents which have been found suitable for use in developing and fixing solutions are: methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, tertiary butanol, ether alcohols such as p-ethoxy ethanol etc.
- Ketones such as acetone, are also useful.
- solutions used according to our invention are of value in treating many types of cellulose ether emulsion, asfor instance those containing, ethyl, propyl and butyl cellulose etc., mixed ethers containing two or more alkoxyl groups such as ethyl propyl or ethyl butyl celluloses,
- ethers such as those having a large share or ethoxyl and a minor proportion of propoxyl, butyoxyl etc. if such ethers are within the proper range of etherification so. as to be permeable to the processing solutions of the invention.
- the cellulose ethyl ethers rang ing in alkyoxyl content from practically completely etherified ethers to those ethers contain ing about 39 per cent 'alkoxyl -(less than two alkoxyl groups per Cs cellulose unit) may be treated with the solutions of our invention.
- the layer is more ermeable to water than the more completely etherifled ethers, and while it may not be necessary to use the solutions of our invention in processing such layers, the solutions maybe used, in which case the alcohol or ketone content of the solutions is decreased. Similarly, tests will indicate the proportion of alcohols to be used in processing emulsion layers of higher ethers or mixed ethers of cellulose.
- the developing solution of the invention reduces the'exposed salt to silver in the region of the exposure.
- the fixing solution used thereafter removes the unexposed silver salt fromthe' layer.
- Other developing and fixing solutions containing the swelling agents of the invention may be used, such as developers containing other developing agents, fog inhibitors, preservatives, etc., and
- ethoxyl as used herein, we mean the alkoxyl content of those cellulose ethyl ethers containing only ethoxyl, and of those cellulose ethers containing a, major share of ethoxyl and a minor proportion of propoxyl, butoxyl or similar group.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Description
Patented Nov. 9, 1943 I rno'roomnmo DEVELOPING AND nxmo som'non Martin Solo, Rochester, N. Y., and John W.
Hench, West Lafayette, Ind., assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y.. a corporatlon or New Jersey I i No Drawing.
' This invention relates 'to processing solutionsfor photographic layers of cellulose ethers, containing silver-salts in the body oi. the layer.
Photographic layers or cellulose ether containing about 39' per cent ethoxyl to about 53 per cent ethoxylcontaining a light sensitive silver salt, process very .slowly in the usual aqueous developing and fixing .solutions.
Application November as, 1941, Serial No. 420,868
.tor example, 45% (by weight) methanol, 35%
iso-propanol or ethanol, or 30% n-p'ropanol are satisfactory. V
4 I Ema: 2
Fixing solution To a solution of 20 grams of sodium thiosulfate in so cc. or water are added 100 grams of metha- We have found that the rateof penetration of aqueous developing and fixing solutions may be considerably increased by diluting standard'developing and fixing solutions with certain water miscible organic compounds which have a pronounced swelling action on the cellulose ethers.
It is, therefore, the object of the present invention to provide'developing and 'flxing solutions which permit the dissolved developing or fixing salts to penetrate readily a cellulose ether layer having an alkox'yl content of about 39 to 53 percent. 1
This object is accomplished by incorporating in a developing or fixing solution a swelling agent for cellulose ether.
The method we use is to take a standard developing or fixing solution and dilute it to the required strength with'water and at the same time add to it a sumcient quantity ofan organic swelling agent to decrease the time of penetration of the solution. Among the swelling agents which have been found suitable for use in developing and fixing solutions are: methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, tertiary butanol, ether alcohols such as p-ethoxy ethanol etc. Ketones, such as acetone, are also useful.
The following examples of developing and fixing baths, are formulated accordin to our invention and it is to beunderstood that they are for-the purpose of illustration only.
- Emmett l In the preparation or the above solution a liter of a stock developer i diluted as required, for instance, with four volumes ot,water in processing photographic papers, and then an alcohol is added. The optimum amount or alcohol in the developer depends upon the particular alcohol used,
nol. If other alcohols are used instead=of methanols, either 63 grams ethanol, 38 -grams isopropanol, or 13 grams n-propanol or tertiary butanol are addedin the place of methanol. A ketone such as acetone, in the amount of 45 grams, may also be used with satisfactory results.
The solutions used according to our invention are of value in treating many types of cellulose ether emulsion, asfor instance those containing, ethyl, propyl and butyl cellulose etc., mixed ethers containing two or more alkoxyl groups such as ethyl propyl or ethyl butyl celluloses,
especially mixed ethers, such as those having a large share or ethoxyl and a minor proportion of propoxyl, butyoxyl etc. if such ethers are within the proper range of etherification so. as to be permeable to the processing solutions of the invention. Thus the cellulose ethyl ethers rang ing in alkyoxyl content from practically completely etherified ethers to those ethers contain ing about 39 per cent 'alkoxyl -(less than two alkoxyl groups per Cs cellulose unit) may be treated with the solutions of our invention. Where the degree of etheriflcationis less than about 39 per cent alkoxyl', the layer is more ermeable to water than the more completely etherifled ethers, and while it may not be necessary to use the solutions of our invention in processing such layers, the solutions maybe used, in which case the alcohol or ketone content of the solutions is decreased. Similarly, tests will indicate the proportion of alcohols to be used in processing emulsion layers of higher ethers or mixed ethers of cellulose.
In processlngcellulose ether layers of about 39 to 53 per cent ethoxyl containing an exposed silver salt, the developing solution of the invention reduces the'exposed salt to silver in the region of the exposure. The fixing solution used thereafter removes the unexposed silver salt fromthe' layer. Other developing and fixing solutions containing the swelling agents of the invention may be used, such as developers containing other developing agents, fog inhibitors, preservatives, etc., and
fixing solutions containing other fixing agents, v
hardeners, etc.
By the term "ethoxyl" as used herein, we mean the alkoxyl content of those cellulose ethyl ethers containing only ethoxyl, and of those cellulose ethers containing a, major share of ethoxyl and a minor proportion of propoxyl, butoxyl or similar group.
It is to be understood that the disclosure herein is by way of example, and that we consider as included in our invention all, modifications and equivalents falling within the scope of the appended claim.
t we claim i The method oi processing an exposed photographic emulsion of silver halide dispersed in a cellulose ethyl ether having an ethoxyl content of about 39 percent to about 53 percent, and tree of gelatin, which comprises treating said exposed emulsion in turn with developing and fixing baths, at least one of said baths containing a substantial amount of a water-soluble monohydroxy alcohol, said alcohol acting as a swelling agent for the cellulose ether and thereby decreasing the time required to process said cellulose ether emulsion.
MARTIN SALO. JOHN W. MENCH.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US420368A US2333821A (en) | 1941-11-25 | 1941-11-25 | Photographing developing and fixing solution |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US420368A US2333821A (en) | 1941-11-25 | 1941-11-25 | Photographing developing and fixing solution |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2333821A true US2333821A (en) | 1943-11-09 |
Family
ID=23666181
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US420368A Expired - Lifetime US2333821A (en) | 1941-11-25 | 1941-11-25 | Photographing developing and fixing solution |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2333821A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2657138A (en) * | 1950-01-03 | 1953-10-27 | Leonard A Robbins | Photographic film developing composition containing beta, beta'-di-chloroethyl ether |
| US2860977A (en) * | 1953-08-26 | 1958-11-18 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic foam processing |
| FR2172914A1 (en) * | 1972-02-25 | 1973-10-05 | Visual Graphics Corp | Thickening photographic processing solns - with guar gum and/or carragheen |
-
1941
- 1941-11-25 US US420368A patent/US2333821A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2657138A (en) * | 1950-01-03 | 1953-10-27 | Leonard A Robbins | Photographic film developing composition containing beta, beta'-di-chloroethyl ether |
| US2860977A (en) * | 1953-08-26 | 1958-11-18 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic foam processing |
| FR2172914A1 (en) * | 1972-02-25 | 1973-10-05 | Visual Graphics Corp | Thickening photographic processing solns - with guar gum and/or carragheen |
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