US2858021A - Means for separating magnetizable material - Google Patents

Means for separating magnetizable material Download PDF

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Publication number
US2858021A
US2858021A US237168A US23716851A US2858021A US 2858021 A US2858021 A US 2858021A US 237168 A US237168 A US 237168A US 23716851 A US23716851 A US 23716851A US 2858021 A US2858021 A US 2858021A
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rings
pole
magnetic
pole pieces
permanent magnet
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US237168A
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Baermann Max
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/23—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carried by oscillating fields; with material carried by travelling fields, e.g. generated by stationary magnetic coils; Eddy-current separators, e.g. sliding ramp
    • B03C1/24—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carried by oscillating fields; with material carried by travelling fields, e.g. generated by stationary magnetic coils; Eddy-current separators, e.g. sliding ramp with material carried by travelling fields

Definitions

  • BAERMANN MEANS FOR SEPARATING MAGNETIZABLE MATERIAL Filed July 17, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVE NTDR: Ncuc Baa/mam ATTORNESS' Oct. 28, 1958 M. BAERMANN MEANS FOR SEPARATING MAGNETIZABLE MATERIAL Filed July 17, 195i 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 I N VENTO m Max Baermann ATTORNEBS Oct. 28, 1958 M. BAERMANN 2,858,021
  • This invention relates to a method and means for the transportation and/or separation of magnetizable material or objects containing the same, such as ironparts, iron ores, from powdery, liquid, or gaseous media.
  • this method of operation necessitates that the transportation be carried out in
  • a completely different method is used in order to transport magnetic materials or objects containing the same, or to sort or separate, magentizable materials out of powdery, liquid, or gase ous media.
  • the new process consists in setting up a migrating magnetic field which varies continuously or in steps, approximately sinusoidally on the adhering surfaces of the'rnagnetic system which is rnultipoled by means of a continuous or step-wise position variation, for example, rotation of permanent magnets with respect to the pole pieces and the change in flux in 'themagnetic circuit caused by this.
  • the movement of the ferromagnetic material is no longer effected by the movement of the magnetic system itself but by changing the field strength of neighboring poles of the system so that a maximum of the field strength passes along the surface of the magnetic system which for practical purposes is composed of many pole pieces and takes along the magnetic material.
  • the movement of the permanent magnet consists of rotation by means of which the magent can be broughtinto varyingly active positions in respect to the pole pieces and by means of which the field strength increases and decreases.
  • the continuous or step-wise variation of the field strength for transportation can also be produced by displacing the magnets.
  • a constant polarity can be used in such a way that a north pole always becomes active as the operating pole or a south pole.
  • a wandering magnetic field alternating in polarity can be produced.
  • An advantageous arrangement for carrying out the process according to the invention consists in that rings or discs provided with pole pieces and made of magnetic material are placed in layers on top of one an other alternatingly with rings or discs made of. nonmagnetic material to form a cylindrical, prismatic or other hollow body which encloses a roller-shaped permanent magnet magnetized transversely to the axis.
  • the roller-shaped magnet is mounted so that it can rotate in such a way that each two rings which are separated by a layer of non-magnetic material together with their pole pieces displaced by divided by the number of pole pairs form pole piece pairs, the magentic axes of which are displaced relative to each other by a definite angle in the same direction of rotation.
  • the invention can also be carried out by rings of magnetic material provided with pole pieces which are alternately stacked with rings of non-magnetic material to form a cylindrical or prismatic hollow body surrounding a rotatably mounted, roller-shaped permanent magnet which is magnetized transversely to the axis in such a way that the pole pieces of neighboring rings are always displaced with respect to one another in the same direction of rotation by one angle.
  • the field strength varies with the rotation of the magnet from one pole piece to the other so that a wave-like increase and decrease in the field strength is set up.
  • the device can also be constructed magnetically in such a way that the pole pieces of the rings made of a magnetically soft material and displaced singly or in pairs by 180 divided by the number of poles are placed in a straight line above one another and stacked together with non-magnetic intermediate pieces to form a cylindrical or prismatic hollow body in the hollow of which a permanent magnet magnetized transversely to the axis is mounted for rotation, the active pole surfaces of the permanent magnet being displaced in the same direction with respect to each other or formed into a spiral.
  • a wandering magnetic field is attained on the surface of the body since the pole surface of the permanent magnet to be rotated forms a spiral and the pole pieces of the magnetically soft rings are straight above each other in the direction of the axis.
  • the wandering field can also be produced on the inside surface by enclosing the rings, having the pole pieces of magnetically soft material on the outside, with a rotatably mounted ringshaped permanent magnet with strong poles and in which case the pole pieces of the magnetizable rings on the is varied in such a way that the pole pieces of the rings of magnetically .soft material, displaced singly or -in pairs by 180 divided by the number of the poles,"are placed in .a straight line above each other and stacked together with non-magnetic intermediate pieces into a cylindrical or prismatic hollow body.
  • Figure 1 is a top view of one transportation device having a two-pole magnet formed of a large number of stackedrings with non-magnetic intermediate pieces;
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view along aa of Figure 1 with the two-pole magnet removed;
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the adhering surface of the transportation device
  • Figure 4 is a diagram of the magnitude of the attractive forces above the poles of the transportation device shown in Figure 3 at a definite point of time;
  • Figure 5 is a front view of the pole pair of a transportation device with a four-pole magnet
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of the transportation device with the magnet removed
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of a roller-shaped twopole permanent magnet body with spirally run pole surfaces
  • Figure 8 is a top view of a transportation device having a ring-shaped permanent magnet
  • Figure 9 is partly a side view of and partly a section through the device shown in Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a front view of a device having spiral poles
  • Figure 1-1 is a section through the device shown in Figure 10.
  • the transportation device shown in Figures 1 and 2 is laminated out of soft iron rings 1 and the alternate intermediate non-magnetic rings 2 stapled to form a cylindrical body which is closed by covering pieces provided with bushings and not shown.
  • the soft iron rings always have a pole piece 3 so that two such rings with pole pieces placed one on top of the other together with the two-pole rod-shaped permanent magnet 4, magnetized transversely to the axis and-mounted inside for rotation, form a magnetic circuit in which, for example, one of the rings is north magnetic and the neighboring ring which is separated from it by a non-magnetic disc 5 is south magnetic.
  • the rings are displaced with their pole pieces over the entire length of the device always in the same direction of rotation by a definite angle so that upon rotating the magnet the next following rings in series always stand opposite the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet and in such position exhibit a maximum attractive force which progresses with the rotation of the permanent magnet along the pole surfaces or the adhering surfaces of the soft iron rings.
  • This progression of the magnitude of the attractive force is approximately represented for the transportation device of Figure 3 by the sinusoidal curve 5 of Figure 4.
  • Figure 4 the different attractive forces of the poles at a definite position of the magnet are plotted as ordinates over the pole surface.
  • pole attachments 16 could be placed on the outside of the magnetically soft or ferromagnetic rings 17 which are spaced by non-magnetic rings 18 and which are then surrounded by a ring or tube-shaped permanent magnet 19 with strong poles by whose rotation the moving field is produced in the interior.
  • a spiral form of the pole surfaces of a two-pole magnet can be seen in Figure 7.
  • the spirally formed permanent magnet body, whether the poles are inside or outside, are used in the case of the devices in which the pole pieces of the soft iron rings are placed in a straight line parallel to the axis.
  • Figures 10 and 11 show a construction having ferromagnetic rings 21 which are spaced by non-magnetic rings 22 and are surrounded by a ring or tube-shaped permanent magnet 23.
  • the magnet has spiral poles and is magnetized transversely to its longitudinal axis, the direction of the poles being indicated by spiral broken lines in Figure 11.
  • a device for moving and sorting magnetizable material and media containing such magnetizable material, as well as for separating magnetizable substances from said media comprising two bodies located concentrically one within the other, one of said bodies comprising conductingrings having pole pieces and non-magnetic rings of the same size located between said conducting rings, said rings being stapled to form an elongated hollow body, the other body comprising at least one permanent magnet having a magnetic field which includes said pole pieces, said other body being rotatable in relation to the first-mentioned body, the location of opposed surfaces of the poles of said permanent magnet and said pole pieces being different from pole piece to pole piece.
  • a device for moving and sorting magnetizable maassaoai terial and media containing such magnetizable material, as Well as for separating magnetizable substances from said media comprising two bodies located concentrically one within the other, the inner body comprising a roller-shaped permanent magnet magnetized transversely to its longitudinal axis, the inner body being rotatable relatively to the outer body, the outer body comprising ferromagnetic rings having inwardly projecting pole pieces and non-magnetic rings of the same size located between said conducting rings, said rings being stapled to form an elongated hollow body, the pole pieces of two adjacent ferromagnetic rings being displaced in relation to each other by 180 divided by the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnet of said inner body, whereby the pole piece pairs thus formed are continuously displaced in relation to each other by one angle in the same direction of rotation.
  • a device for moving and sorting magnetizable material and media containing such magnetizable material, as well as for separating magnetizable substances from said media comprising two bodies located concentrically one within the other, the inner body comprising a spirally shaped permanent magnet magnetized transversely to its longitudinal axis, the inner body being rotatable relatively to the outer body, the outer body comprising ferromagnetic rings having inwardly projecting pole pieces and non-magnetic rings of the same size located between said conducting rings, said rings being stapled to form an elongated hollow body, the pole pieces being displaced by 180 divided by the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnet of said inner body and being located in alinement with each other.
  • a device for moving and sorting magnetizable material and media containing such magnetizable material, as well as for separating magnetizable substances from said media comprising two bodies located concentrically one within the other, the inner body comprising ferromagnetic rings having outwardly projecting pole pieces and non-magnetic rings of the same size located between said conducting rings, said rings being stapled to form an elongated hollow body, the pole pieces being displaced in relation to each other by one angle in the same direction of rotation, the outer body comprising a rotatably mounted round permanent magnet magnetized transversely to its longitudinal axis.
  • a device for moving and sorting magnetizable ma terial and media containing such magnetizable material, as Well as for separating magnetizable substances from said media comprising two bodies located concentrically one within the other, the inner body comprising a roller-shaped permanent magnet magnetized transversely to its longitudinal axis, the inner body being rotatable relatively to the outer body, the outer body comprising ferromagnetic rings having inwardly projecting pole pieces and non-magnetic rings of the same size located between said conducting rings, said rings being stapled to form an elongated hollow body, the pole pieces of adjacent ferromagnetic rings being displaced continuously by an angle in the same direction of rotation.
  • a device for moving and sorting magnetizable material and media containing such magnetizable material, as well as for separating magnetizable substances from said media comprising two bodies located concentrically one within the other, the inner body comprising ferromagnetic rings having outwardly projecting pole pieces and non-magnetic rings of the same size located between said conducting rings, said rings being stapled to form an elongated hollow body, the pole pieces being located in alinement with each other, the outer body comprising a rotatably mounted round permanent magnet having spiral poles and magnetized transversely to its longitudinal axis.
  • a device for moving and sorting magnetizable material and media containing such magnetizable material, as well as for separating magnetizable substances from said media comprising two bodies located concentrically one within the other, one of said bodies comprising ferromagnetic rings having projecting pole pieces and non-magnetic rings of the same size located between said conducting rings, said rings being stapled to form an elongated hollow body, the pole pieces being displaced in relation to each other by such an angle that the sum of the displacement angles over the length of the body corresponds to at least one complete revolution, the other body comprising a rotatably mounted permanent magnet magnetized transversely to its longitudinal axis.
  • a device for moving and sorting magnetizable material and media containing such magnetizable material, as well as for separating magnetizable substances from said media comprising two bodies located concentrically one Within the other, the inner body comprising a plurality of roller-shaped permanent magnets located next to each other in the axial direction and magnetized transversely to their axis, said magnet being interconnected so that their directions of magnetization are displaced at an angle in relation to each other, the outer body comprising ferromagnetic elements having inwardly projecting pole-pieces and non-magnetic spacers of the same size located between said ferromagnetic elements, said pole pieces being located in pairs in alinement with each other, whereby the permanent magnets may be turned from an operative position to a short-circuit position.

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US237168A 1950-07-27 1951-07-17 Means for separating magnetizable material Expired - Lifetime US2858021A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000016905A1 (en) * 1998-09-19 2000-03-30 University Of Southampton Apparatus for and method of magnetic separation from fluids
US8584293B1 (en) * 2008-07-15 2013-11-19 Lockheed Martin Corporation Footwear cleaning device for removing magnetic and non-magnetic contaminants
US11491494B2 (en) * 2017-10-30 2022-11-08 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Separator film conveyance device for nonaqueous electrolytic-solution secondary battery and method for manufacturing separator film for nonaqueous electrolytic-solution secondary battery

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4447362C2 (de) * 1994-12-21 1999-06-17 Enretec Polychemie Entsorgungs Vorrichtung zur Rückgewinnung von magnetischer Flüssigkeit

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE52292C (de) * F. BEUTHER in Fonda de los banos de Azufre in Ponferrada, Provinz Leon, Spanien Magnetischer Erzaufbereitungsapparat
US572370A (en) * 1896-12-01 Mechanism for separating magneti c from non-magnetic substances
US686835A (en) * 1900-05-28 1901-11-19 Marcus Ruthenburg Magnetic separator for ore or concentrates.
US1214817A (en) * 1916-06-30 1917-02-06 Samuel W Osgood Means for effecting magnetic or inductive separation of substances.
US1245717A (en) * 1914-06-20 1917-11-06 Cutler Hammer Mfg Co Electromagnetic separator.
GB401301A (en) * 1932-04-04 1933-11-06 Herbert Klinger Improvements in and relating to the process of separating materials of different magnetic permeability, and to the apparatus therefor
US1948419A (en) * 1929-09-02 1934-02-20 Granigg Bartel Method of and means for the magnetic separation of materials

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE52292C (de) * F. BEUTHER in Fonda de los banos de Azufre in Ponferrada, Provinz Leon, Spanien Magnetischer Erzaufbereitungsapparat
US572370A (en) * 1896-12-01 Mechanism for separating magneti c from non-magnetic substances
US686835A (en) * 1900-05-28 1901-11-19 Marcus Ruthenburg Magnetic separator for ore or concentrates.
US1245717A (en) * 1914-06-20 1917-11-06 Cutler Hammer Mfg Co Electromagnetic separator.
US1214817A (en) * 1916-06-30 1917-02-06 Samuel W Osgood Means for effecting magnetic or inductive separation of substances.
US1948419A (en) * 1929-09-02 1934-02-20 Granigg Bartel Method of and means for the magnetic separation of materials
GB401301A (en) * 1932-04-04 1933-11-06 Herbert Klinger Improvements in and relating to the process of separating materials of different magnetic permeability, and to the apparatus therefor

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000016905A1 (en) * 1998-09-19 2000-03-30 University Of Southampton Apparatus for and method of magnetic separation from fluids
US8584293B1 (en) * 2008-07-15 2013-11-19 Lockheed Martin Corporation Footwear cleaning device for removing magnetic and non-magnetic contaminants
US11491494B2 (en) * 2017-10-30 2022-11-08 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Separator film conveyance device for nonaqueous electrolytic-solution secondary battery and method for manufacturing separator film for nonaqueous electrolytic-solution secondary battery

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