US2832759A - Process and catalyst for production of olefin polymers - Google Patents

Process and catalyst for production of olefin polymers Download PDF

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US2832759A
US2832759A US553435A US55343555A US2832759A US 2832759 A US2832759 A US 2832759A US 553435 A US553435 A US 553435A US 55343555 A US55343555 A US 55343555A US 2832759 A US2832759 A US 2832759A
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metal
catalyst
group
mixture
gallium
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Nowlin Gene
Harold D Lyons
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Phillips Petroleum Co
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Phillips Petroleum Co
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Priority to BE638937D priority Critical patent/BE638937A/xx
Priority to NL96005D priority patent/NL96005C/xx
Priority to NL213007D priority patent/NL213007A/xx
Priority to US553435A priority patent/US2832759A/en
Application filed by Phillips Petroleum Co filed Critical Phillips Petroleum Co
Priority to GB37458/56A priority patent/GB803198A/en
Priority to FR1168164D priority patent/FR1168164A/fr
Priority to DK438556AA priority patent/DK101484C/da
Priority to DEP17613A priority patent/DE1266504B/de
Priority to CH4074956A priority patent/CH366395A/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F36/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C08F36/02—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C08F36/04—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the polymerization of olefins. In one aspect, this invention relates to an improved method for polymerizing olefins and to a novel catalyst therefor.
  • Reactions for polymerizing olefins are well known in the art and are generally carried out in the presence of catalysts.
  • One class of catalysts which has been used in the polymerization of monoolefins, particularly ethylene, is organometal compounds, for example triethylalumimum, and the polymers which have been obtained in accordance with this method are generally liquid or low molecular Weight solid polymers. Frequently, the polymers obtained are dimers or trimers of the olefin charged.
  • Such uses cannot be made of the lower molecular weight polymers, for example, a polymer having a molecular weight of about 1000, since a polymer of this molecular weight is a wax-like material.
  • a further object is to provide a novel catalyst for use in the production of olefin polymers.
  • a still further object is to produce high molecular weight solid polymers of olefins, such as ethylene.
  • a catalyst composition comprising (1) a metal halide selected from the group consisting of triand tetrahalides of titanium, zirconium, hafnium and germanium, (2) an organo phosphoruscontaining compound corresponding to the formula R P,
  • R is selected from the group consisting of a saturated acyclic hydrocarbon radical, a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon radical, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical and combinations of these radicals, and (3) at least one component selected from the following: (a) an organometal halide corresponding to the formula R MX,, wherein R is a saturated acyclic hydrocarbon radical, a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon radical, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical, or combinations of these radicals as indicated above, wherein M is a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, and beryllium and wherein X is a halogen, and wherein m and n are integers, the sum of m and n being equal to the valence of the metal; (b) a mixture of an organic halide and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, mercury, aluminum, gallium, indium and t
  • the improvement obtained when polymerizing an olefin in the presence of our novel catalyst is, firstly, that polymers of much higher molecular Weight possessing very high impact strength and other desirable characteristics can 'be obtained than is true when certain of the prior art catalysts have been employed, and secondly, the polymerization reaction, particularly for ethylene, can be initiated and carried out at considerably lower temperatures and pressures than are necessary when employing the catalysts and the processes of the prior art.
  • the metal halide component of our catalyst system com-prises the triand tetrahalides of the metals titanium. zirconium, hafnium and germanium.
  • the triand tetrachlorides, triand tetrafluorides, triand tetrabromides, and triand tetraiodides of the aforementioned metals can be used in the catalyst system of this invention, either individually or as a mixture of two or more of the metal halides.
  • metal halides which can be used include titanium tetrachloride, titanium tetrabromide, titanium trichloride, titanium tribromide, titanium trifluoride, zirconium tetrachloride, zirconium tetrabromide, germanium tetrachloride, germanium tetrabromide, and the like.
  • our novel catalyst comprises an organs phosphorus-containing compound corresponding to the formula R P wherein R is a saturated acyclic hydro carbon radical, a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon radical, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical, or combinations of these radicals.
  • R is a saturated acyclic hydro carbon radical, a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon radical, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical, or combinations of these radicals.
  • Each of the aforementioned hydrocarbon radicals may contain up to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 10, inclusive, carbon atoms. Mixtures of any two or more of these phosphorus containing compounds can be employed in the practice of our invention.
  • Examples of these compounds which can be used include triphenylphosphine, trimethylphosphine, triisopropylphosphine, tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-tert-dodecylphosphine, trieicosylphosphine, tri-p-tolylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine and the like.
  • our catalyst comprises at least one organometal halide corresponding to the formula R M X wherein R is a saturated acyclic hydrocarbon radical, a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon radical, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical, or combinations of these radicals, wherein M is a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium and beryllium, and wherein X is a halogen.
  • R is a saturated acyclic hydrocarbon radical, a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon radical, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical, or combinations of these radicals
  • M is a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium and beryllium
  • X is a halogen.
  • the m and n are integers and the sum of m and n is equal to the valence of the metal M.
  • X can be any of the halogens, including chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine.
  • the saturated acyclic hydrocarbon radicals, saturated cyclic hydrocarbon radicals, and aromatic hydrocarbon radicals which can be substituted for R in the formula include hydrocarbon radicals aluminum chloride, can be used in our catalyst composition.
  • organometal halides which are useful in the catalyst composition of this invention are the following: CH AlCl (CH AlCl, C2H5A1C12, (C2H5)2A1Cl, (C2H5)2A1BT, (C4H9)2A ⁇ ,BI', CgHy AlIg, (C3H7)2GaF, (C H11)zGacl (CydOheXaH e derivative), Q H;,)GaBr (benzene derivative),
  • our catalyst comprises a mixture of one or more of the metal halides and one or more of the phosphorus-containing compounds described above and a mixture of an organic halide and a free or elemental metal.
  • organic halides include chloro-, bromo-, iodoand fiuoro-substituted organic halides, and can be mono-, di-, tri-, or tetra-substituted organic halides.
  • the class of halides defined as monohalogen-substituted hydrocarbons having a maximum carbon chain length of not greater than 8 carbon atoms is preferred since they are more easily handled in a commercial operation and are active to initiate the polymerization of olefins in the catalyst composition of this invention.
  • the organic halide which is used in the catalyst is a lower alkyl monohalide having a maximum carbon chain length of not greater than 8 carbon atoms.
  • these organic halides which can be used in the catalyst are ethyl bromide, propyl chloride, butyl iodide and pentyl fluoride.
  • Other examples are 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,3-dibromopropane,
  • alkenyl halides such as allyl bromide
  • alkynyl halides such as propargyl chloride
  • the metals which are employed in admixture with an organic halide include one or more of sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, mercury, aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium.
  • the metals are usually used in the form of shavings, turnings or finely divided powder.
  • Various mixtures or combinations of the above-mentioned organic halides and metals can be employed in the catalyst composition of this invention.
  • our catalyst comprises one or more of the metal halides and one or more of the phosphoruscontaining compounds described above and a complex hydride corresponding to the formula M'MH, wherein M is an alkali metal, including sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium and cesium, M" is one of the metals aluminum, gallium. indium or thallium, and x is equal to the sum of the valences of the two metals.
  • M is an alkali metal, including sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium and cesium
  • M" is one of the metals aluminum, gallium. indium or thallium
  • x is equal to the sum of the valences of the two metals.
  • complex hydrides are lithium aluminum hydride,
  • the preferred member of this class of compounds is lithium aluminum hydride.
  • catalyst compositions falling within the scope of this disclosure which are preferred because their use to catalyze the polymerization of olefins provides relatively high molecular weight polymers and/or permits the use of relatively low reaction temperatures and pressures are the following: a mixture of titanium tetrachloride and triphenylphosphine with an approximately equimolar mixture of ethylaluminum dichloride and diethylaluminum chloride; a mixture of titanium trichloride and triphenylphosphine with an approximately equimolar mixture of ethylaluminum dichloride and diethylaluminum chloride; a mixture of titanium tetrachloride, tributylphosphine and lithium aluminum hydride; a mixture of zirconium tetrachloride and triphenylphosphine with an approximately equimolar mixture of ethylaluminum dichloride and diethylalumiuum chloride; and a
  • the amount of the catalyst composition of this invention which is used in the polymerization of olefins can vary over a wide range. Relatively small amounts of the catalyst provide the desired activating effect when the polymerization reaction is carried out as a batch process with continuous addition of the olefin as the poly merization reaction occurs. As much as 50 to 2000 grams of polymer can be obtained per gram of the catalyst composition utilized in the reaction. When a continuous flow system is employed, the concentration of the total catalyst composition is usually in the range from 0.01 weight percent to 1.0 weight percent, or higher.
  • the ratio of the amounts of organo phosphorus-containing compound to metal halide will generally be in the range of 0.05 to 50, preferably 0.2 to 3, mols of phosphorus-containing compound per mol of metal halide.
  • the ratio of the amounts of organometal halide to metal halide will usually be in the range of 0.05 to 50, preferably 0.2 to 3 mols of organornetal halide per mol of metal halide.
  • the ratio of the amounts of organic halide, metal and metal halide will be in the range of 0.02 to 50 mols of the organic halide per mol of the metal halide and from 0.02 to 50 mols of the metal per mol of the metal halide.
  • a preferred ratio is from 0.2 to 3 mols of organic halide per mol of metal halide andfrom 0.2 to 3 mols of metal per mol of the metal halide.
  • the ratio of the amounts of the complex hydride to metal halide will generally be in the range of 0.05 to 50, preferably 0.2 to 3 mols, of complex hydride per mol of metal halide.
  • the materials which are polymerized in accordance with this invention can be defined broadly as polymerizable hydrocarbons.
  • the preferred class of polymerizable hydrocarbons used is aliphatic l-olefins having up to and including 8 carbon atoms per molecule.
  • the normal l-olefin, ethylene has been found to polymerize to a polymer thereof upon being contacted with the catalyst composition of this invention at lower temperatures and pressures than have been used in the processes of the prior art mentioned above.
  • Examples of other polymerizable hydrocarbons which can be used in the process of this invention are propylene, l-butene, l-hexene and l-octene. Branched chain olefins can also be used such as isobutylene. Also, 1,1-dialkyl substituted and 1,2-dialkylsubstituted ethylenes can be used, such as butene-Z, pentane-2, hexene-2, heptene-3, Z-methylbutene-l, Z-methylhexene-l, Z-ethylheptene-l, and the like.
  • Examples of the diand polyolefins in which the double bonds are in non-conjugated positions and which can be used in accordance with this invention are 1,5-hexadiene, 1,4-pentadiene and 1,4,7-octatriene. Cyclic olefins can also be used, such as clyclohexene. Mixtures of the foregoing polymerizable hydrocarbons can be polymerized to a solid polymer in the presence of our novel catalyst as, for example, by copolymerizing ethylene and propylene, ethylene and l-butene, propylene and l-butene, or propylene and a pentene. Also, aryl olefins, e.
  • styrene and alkyl-substituted styrenes can be polymerized to a solid polymer in the process of this invention.
  • This invention is also applicable to the polymerization of a monomeric material comprising conjugated clienes containing from 4 to 8 or more carbon atoms.
  • conjugated dienes which can be used include 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, 2-methoxybutadiene, Z-phenylbutadiene, and the like.
  • the temperature can be varied over a rather broad range, however, such as from 250 F. and below to 500 F. and above.
  • the preferred temperature range is from 50 to 300 F.
  • pressures ranging from atmospheric and below up to 30,000 p. s. i. g. or higher can be employed, a pressure from atmospheric to 1000 p. s. i. g. is usually preferred with a pressure in the range of 100 to 700 p. s. i. g. being even more desirable.
  • Suitable diluents for use in the polymerization process are parafiins, cycloparaflins and/or aromatic hydrocarbons which are relatively inert, non-deleterious and liquid under the conditions of the process.
  • the lower molecular weight alkanes such as propane, butane, and pentane, are particularly useful when carrying out the process at low temperatures.
  • the higher molecular weight paraffins and cy'cloparaffins such as isoctane, cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane and the aromatic diluents, such as benzene, toluene, and the like, can also be used, particularly when operating at higher temperatures.
  • Halogenated hydrocarbons such as halogenated aromatics, halogenated parafiins and halogenated cycloparaifins, are also useful as diluents. Mixtures of any two or more of the above-listed diiuents can be employed as well in the process of this invention.
  • the process of this invention can be carried out as a batch process by pressuring the olefin into a reactor containing the catalyst and diluent, if the latter is used. Also, the process can be carried out continuously by maintaining the above-described concentrations of reactants in the reactor for a suitable residence time.
  • the residence time used in a continuous process can vary widely, since it depends to a great extent upon the temperature at which the process is carried out.
  • the residence time also varies with the specific olefin that is polymerized. However, the residence time for the polymerization of aliphatic monoolefins, within the preferred temperature range of 50 to 300 F., falls within the range of one second to an hour or more.
  • the time for the reaction can vary widely also, such as up to 24 hours or more.
  • the catalyst components can be charged to the reaction vessel in any desired order.
  • the metal halide and the organo phosphorus-containing compound are heated together and then charged to the reactor. Thereafter, the organornetal halide, the organic halide and metal and/or the complex hydride are introduced into the reactor.
  • all three of the catalyst components are charged simultaneolsly to the reaction vessel. This latter method is especially applicable when carrying out the process in a continuous manner.
  • the reactor is cooled to about room temperature, any excess olefin is vented and the contents of the reactor, including the solid polymer swollen with diluent, is then treated to inactivate the catalyst, as by washing with an alcohol.
  • the alcoholwashing step is preferably carried out in a comminution zone, such as a Waring Blendor, so that a finely-divided polymer is thereby provided.
  • the polymer is then separated from the alcohol and diluent by decantation or filtration and then the polymer is dried.
  • the total effluent from the reactor including polymer, diluent and catalyst system is pumped from the reactor as a slurry to a catalyst-inactivating zone where the reactor effluent is cooled and contacted with a suitable catalystinactivating material, such as an alcohol, to precipitate the polymer.
  • a suitable catalystinactivating material such as an alcohol
  • the alcohol-treatment step be carried out in a comminuation zone so that a finely divided polymer is thereby produced.
  • the diluent and alcohol are then separated from the polymer, for example, by filtration and the polymer is then dried.
  • the diluent and alcohol can be separated, for example by fractional distillation, and reused in the process.
  • EXAMPLE I Ethylene was polymerized in a 1200 cubic centimeter stainless steel rocking autoclave in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a mixture of 3.55 grams of titanium tetrachloride and 4 grams of a mixture of diethylalumimnn chloride and ethylaluminum dichloride. The mixture of diethylalurninum chloride and ethylaluminum dichloride was prepared in accordance with the procedure described hereinafter. The catalyst was dissolved in 500 cubic centimeters of benzene (dried over sodium) and charged to the autoclave while maintaining the autoclave under a nitrogen atmosphere. The ethylene was passed through a purification system to remove oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor prior to entering the autoclave. The
  • ' purification system comprised a pyrogallol solution, a
  • the ethylene was charged to the autoclave while maintaining the catalyst and diluent at atmospheric pressure. The polymerization of the ethylene was immediately initiated, and as the addition of ethylene continued the temperature of the reaction mixture increased rapidly to F. The ethylene was passed into the autoclave as rapidly as the limitations of the purification system would permit. Maximum pressure reached in the autoclave was 300 p. 's. i. g. At the end of a 15 minute reaction period, the bomb was opened, and a polymer of ethylene was present as a suspension in the benzene solutionv One hundred cubic centimeters of butyl alcohol was added to the autoclave to inactivate the catalyst.
  • the solid polymer was filtered from the benzene-alcohol mixture and then washed with isopropyl alcohol. After filtering the polymer from the isopropyl alcohol, it was dried overnight in a vacuum oven at about 140 F. About 100 grams of polyethylene was obtained.
  • EXAMPLE ll Ethylene was polymerized in a 2700 cubic centimeter stainless steel reactor in the presence of a catalyst consisting of 3.5 grams of titanium tetrachloride, ten grams of triphenylphosphine and 4 cubic centimeters of a mixture of diethylaluminurn chloride and ethylaluminum dichloride. This latter mixture was prepared according to the procedure described hereinbelow.
  • the reactor was llushed with purified nitrogen prior to and during the charging procedure to prevent contact of the catalyst with air or moisture.
  • the 3.5 grams of titanium tetrachloride was dissolved in 500 cubic centimeters of cyclohexane (distilled from sodium) and charged to the reactor under pressure of purified nitrogen.
  • the 10 grams of triphenylphosphine was then charged to the reactor after which 4 cubic centimeters of the mixture of diethylaluminum chloride and ethylalurninum dichloride was charged.
  • the ethylene feed was passed through a purification system to remove oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor prior to entering the reactor.
  • the purification system cornprises a pyrogallol solution, a sodium hydroxide solution and drying agents.
  • T able II Molecular weight l00,000. Density, grams/cc, at room temperature 0.972. Flexibility Good. Impact strength (falling ball method) r 72". Moldability Good. Melt index Did not extrude. Melting point, F 254:2. Inherent viscosity (in tetralin) a- Insoluble. Color Yellowish white.
  • the mixture of diethylaluminum and ethylaluminum dichloride was prepared by placing 150 grams of aluminum shavings in a flash fitted with a reflux condenser and heated to about 70 C. A trace of iodine was added to the flash to act as a catalyst, and ethyl chloride was charged to the flask in liquid phase. The temperature of the reaction mixture was maintained in the range of to C. during the addition of ethyl chloride, and the reaction mixture was maintained under a nitrogen atmosphere. When substantially all of the aluminum shavings had reacted with the ethyl chloride, the liquid product was removed from the flask and fractionally distilled at 4.5 millimeters of mercury pressure in a packed distillation column.
  • the polymers produced in accordance with this invention have utility in applications where solid plastics are used. They can be used to impregnate paper and tabrics, and they can be molded to form articles of any desired shape, such as bottles and other containers for liquids. Furthermore, they can be formed into pipe by extrusion.
  • the invention resides in an improved polymerization process for olefins as described herein comprising the use of a novel catalyst composition and the catalyst so produced, said catalyst composition comprising (1) a metal halide selected from the group consisting of triand tetrahalides of titanium, zirconium, hafnium and germanium, (2) an organo phosphorus-containing compound corresponding to the formula R 1, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a saturated acyclic hydrocarbon radical, a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon radical, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical and combinations of these radicals, and (3) at least one component selected from the following: (a) an 'organometal corresponding to the formula R MX wherein R is as defined hereinabove, M is a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium and beryllium, and X is a halogen, and wherein
  • a method for polymerizing a polymerizable hydrocarbon containing ethylenic unsaturation which comprises contacting said hydrocarbon with a catalyst comprising (1) a metal halide selected from the group consisting of triand tetrahalides of titanium, zirconium, hafnium and germanium, (2) an organo phosphorus-containing compound corresponding to the formula RgP, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a saturated acyclic hydrocarbon radical, a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon radical, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical and combinations of these radicals, and (3) at least one component selected from the following: (a) an organometal corresponding to the formula R MX wherein R is as defined hereinabove, M is a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium and beryllium, and X is a halogen, and wherein m and n are integers, the sum of m and n being equal to' the valence of the metal M; (b) a
  • said polymerizable hydrocarbon is an aliphatic l-olefin having up to and including 8 carbon atoms per molecule.
  • said polymerizable hydrocarbon is ethylene and said catalyst consists essentially of a mixture of titanium tetrachloride, triphenylphosphine, and an approximately equimolar mixture of ethylaluminum dichloride and diethylaluminum chloride.
  • said polymerizable hydrocarbon is ethylene and said catalyst consists essentially of a mixture of titanium trichloride, triphenylphosphine, and an approximately equimolar mixture of ethylaluminum dichloride and diethylaluminurn chloride.
  • said polymerizable hydrocarbon is ethylene and said catalyst consists essentially of a mixture of titanium tetrachloride, tributylphosphine, and lithium aluminum hydride.
  • said polymerizable hydrocarbon is ethylene and said catalyst consists essentially of a mixture of zirconium tetrachloride, triphenylphosphine, and an approximately equimolar mixture of ethylaluminum dichloride and diethylaluminum chloride.
  • said polymerizable hydrocarbon is ethylene and said catalyst consists essentially of a mixture of zirconium tetrachloride, tributylphosphine, and an approximately equimolar mixture of ethylaluminum dichloride and diethylaluminum chloride.
  • a method for producing a solid polymer of an aliphatic l-olefin having up to and including 8 carbon atoms per molecule which comprises contacting said olefin with a catalyst comprising (1) a metal halide selected from the group consisting of triand tetrahalides of titanium, zirconium, hafnium and germanium, (2) an organo phosphorus-containing compound corresponding to the formula R P, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a saturated acyclic hydrocarbon radical, a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon radical, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical and combinations of these radicals, and (3) at least one component selected from the following: (a) an organometal corresponding to the formula R MX wherein R is as defined hereinabove, M is a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium and beryllium, and X is a halogen, and wherein m and n are integers, the sum of m and n being equal to the val
  • a method in accordance with claim 9 wherein the ratio of the amounts of the components of said catalyst are in the following ranges: from 0.2 to 3 mols of said organo phosphorus-containing compound per mol of said metal halide; from 0.2 to 3 mols of said organometal halide per mol of said metal halide; from 0.2 to 3 mols of said organic halide per mol of said metal halide and from 0.2 to 3 mols of said metal per mol of said metal halide; and from 0.2 to 3.0 mols of said complex hydride per mol of said metal halide.
  • a method for polymerizing ethylene which comprises contacting ethylene with a catalyst consisting essentially of a mixture of titanium tetrachloride, triphenylphosphine, and an approximately equimolar mixture of diethylaluminum chloride and ethylaluminum dichloride, in the presence of a hydrocarbon diluent, inert and liquid under conditions of the method, at a temperature in the range of 50 to 300. F., and a pressure in the range of to 700 p. s. i. g.
  • a catalyst composition comprising (1) a metal halide selected from the group consisting of triand tetrahalides of titanium, zirconium, hafnium and germanium, (2) an organo phosphorus-containing compound corresponding to the formula R P, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a saturated acyclic hydrocarbon radical, a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon radical, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical and combinations of these radicals, and (3) at least one component selected from the following: (a) an organometal corresponding to the formula R MX wherein R is as defined hereinabove, M is a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium and beryllium, and X is a halogen, and wherein m and n are integers, the sum of m and n being equal to the valence of the metal M; (b) a mixture of an organic halide and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium, cesium, beryll
  • a catalyst composition consisting essentially of a mixture of titanium tetrachloride, triphenylphosphine, and an approximately equimolar mixture of ethylaluminum dichloride and diethylaluminum chloride.
  • a catalyst composition consisting essentially of a mixture of titanium trichloride, triphenylphosphine, and an approximately equimolar mixture of ethylaluminum dichloride and diethylaluminum chloride.
  • a catalyst composition consisting essentially of titanium tetrachloride, tributylphosphine, and lithium aluminum hydride.
  • a catalyst composition consisting essentially of a mixture of zirconium tetrachloride, triphenylphosphine, and an approximately equimolar mixture of ethylaluminum dichloride and diethylaluminum chloride.
  • a catalyst composition consisting essentially of a mixture of zirconium tetrachloride, tributylphosphine, and

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BE638937D BE638937A (en, 2012) 1955-12-16
NL96005D NL96005C (en, 2012) 1955-12-16
NL213007D NL213007A (en, 2012) 1955-12-16
US553435A US2832759A (en) 1955-12-16 1955-12-16 Process and catalyst for production of olefin polymers
GB37458/56A GB803198A (en) 1955-12-16 1956-12-07 Process and catalyst for polymerisation of polymerizable hydrocarbons
FR1168164D FR1168164A (fr) 1955-12-16 1956-12-14 Procédé et catalyseur pour la polymérisation des hydrocarbures polymérisables
DK438556AA DK101484C (da) 1955-12-16 1956-12-15 Fremgangsmåde til katalytisk polymerisation af olefiner.
DEP17613A DE1266504B (de) 1955-12-16 1956-12-15 Verfahren zur Polymerisation von Mono-1-Olefinen
CH4074956A CH366395A (fr) 1955-12-16 1956-12-17 Procédé de polymérisation d'hydrocarbures polymérisables

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Cited By (92)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2913446A (en) * 1956-02-21 1959-11-17 Exxon Research Engineering Co Polymerization process
US2915514A (en) * 1956-06-07 1959-12-01 Monsanto Chemicals Polymerization process
US2916478A (en) * 1956-07-09 1959-12-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Polymerization process
US2919267A (en) * 1956-03-28 1959-12-29 Standard Oil Co Polymerization catalysts and processes
US2921933A (en) * 1957-03-18 1960-01-19 Collier Carbon & Chemical Co Manufacture of polyethylene
US2927105A (en) * 1955-01-05 1960-03-01 Basf Ag Polymerization of ethylene
US2930785A (en) * 1956-04-05 1960-03-29 Phillips Petroleum Co Process and catalyst for production of olefin polymers
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US2951066A (en) * 1958-03-31 1960-08-30 Eastman Kodak Co Three-component olefin polymerization catalyst containing an aluminum sesquihalide and a transition metal compound
US2953555A (en) * 1956-08-07 1960-09-20 Goodrich Gulf Chem Inc Solvent separation treatment of olefin hydrocarbon polymers
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US2962487A (en) * 1958-03-31 1960-11-29 Eastman Kodak Co Three-component aluminum-titanium tetrahalide catalyst for olefin polymerization therewith
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US3027359A (en) * 1959-06-19 1962-03-27 Jurgeleit Hans Wolfgang Tertiary phosphine polymerization catalysts system
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US3060989A (en) * 1959-08-17 1962-10-30 Phillips Petroleum Co Blends of cis-polybutadiene with either natural rubber or cis-polyisoprene, method of preparing same, and tire tread comprising same
US3061599A (en) * 1959-08-28 1962-10-30 California Research Corp Catalytic polymerization of alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids in heterogeneous mixture
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US3070587A (en) * 1958-06-16 1962-12-25 Phillips Petroleum Co Polymerization of conjugated diolefins in the presence of ticl4 air3 and o2
US3073810A (en) * 1956-01-23 1963-01-15 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method for drying wet solid polymeric material
US3084144A (en) * 1956-07-02 1963-04-02 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Process for polymerization of fluorinecontaining organic compounds
US3085997A (en) * 1957-07-05 1963-04-16 Union Carbide Corp Vinyl ether polymerization catalysts
US3088939A (en) * 1957-07-26 1963-05-07 American Cyanamid Co Method of making a crystallizable polymer with lithium as catalyst
US3088985A (en) * 1957-09-02 1963-05-07 Studiengesellschaft Kohle Mbh New open-chain trimer and the production thereof
US3089866A (en) * 1956-05-25 1963-05-14 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Process for the preparation of fluorine-containing polymers
US3091601A (en) * 1957-09-20 1963-05-28 Union Carbide Corp Olefinic copolymers
US3094514A (en) * 1958-02-13 1963-06-18 Goodrich Gulf Chem Inc Polymerization process for aliphatic, conjugated dienes
US3095406A (en) * 1958-07-28 1963-06-25 Phillips Petroleum Co Preparation of polymers of conjugated dienes
US3111505A (en) * 1956-04-04 1963-11-19 Hercules Powder Company Inc Process for preparing polymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride
US3115526A (en) * 1958-10-08 1963-12-24 Dal Mon Research Co Organo-metallo compounds and method of preparation
US3117834A (en) * 1960-09-07 1964-01-14 Glanzstoff Ag Process for the purification and activation of titanium trichloride
US3124561A (en) * 1964-03-10 Polymerization initiators for polar
US3127386A (en) * 1958-11-06 1964-03-31 Polymerization of cis-l
US3131171A (en) * 1958-11-14 1964-04-28 Monsanto Chemicals Catalyst for the polymerization of olefins containing the product of a titanium halide and an organoaluminum compound mixed with a lower alkyl halide solution of aluminum chloride
US3147238A (en) * 1959-04-27 1964-09-01 Shell Oil Co Olefin polymerization process
US3153634A (en) * 1956-09-26 1964-10-20 Sun Oil Co Gamma alumina supported titanium and zirconium subhalides polymerization catalysts and preparation thereof
US3159613A (en) * 1960-12-27 1964-12-01 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Preparation of crystalline poly
US3161624A (en) * 1956-02-24 1964-12-15 Montedison Spa Polymerization of stryrene
US3177192A (en) * 1961-04-07 1965-04-06 Phillips Petroleum Co Production of cis-1, 4 polybutadiene with a ticl4-tii4-pbr4 catalyst
US3193540A (en) * 1957-09-30 1965-07-06 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Process of polymerizing methyl methacrylate
US3194799A (en) * 1960-11-25 1965-07-13 Eastman Kodak Co Three-component aluminum-titanium tetrahalide catalysts for olefin polymerization
US3205212A (en) * 1958-08-11 1965-09-07 Phillips Petroleum Co Production of cis-1, 4-polybutadiene with a ticl4-tii4-air3 catalyst
US3208985A (en) * 1957-12-11 1965-09-28 Wacker Chemie Gmbh Olefin polymerization with a heavy metal compound-organohydrogen siloxane catalyst
US3222296A (en) * 1963-07-29 1965-12-07 Cabot Corp Lewis base stabilization of polymerization catalyst in storage
US3242155A (en) * 1960-07-01 1966-03-22 Phillips Petroleum Co Olefin polymerization catalysts and process
US3251901A (en) * 1961-06-29 1966-05-17 Chevron Res Preparation of normally liquid higher molecular weight olefins
US3264240A (en) * 1961-11-30 1966-08-02 Exxon Research Engineering Co Coke filled polyolefin compositions
US3280082A (en) * 1956-07-11 1966-10-18 Montedison Spa Sulfur vulcanizable elastomers of ethylene, at least one other alpha-olefin and a conjugated diolefin and a process for preparing same
US3281404A (en) * 1956-07-31 1966-10-25 Montedison Spa Crystalline 1, 4-cis polybutadiene and processes for production thereof
US3284426A (en) * 1957-03-18 1966-11-08 Hercules Inc Crystalline poly (vinyl ethers) and preparation thereof
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US3449307A (en) * 1956-06-05 1969-06-10 Phillips Petroleum Co Thermoplastic resins from aryl olefins
US3502637A (en) * 1958-02-11 1970-03-24 Montedison Spa Homogeneous stereospecific catalysts and polymerization of butadiene therewith
US3855341A (en) * 1969-04-29 1974-12-17 Atlantic Richfield Co Propylene oligomerization process
US4026822A (en) * 1969-04-29 1977-05-31 Atlantic Richfield Company Zirconium phosphine complex catalyst
US4076698A (en) * 1956-03-01 1978-02-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Hydrocarbon interpolymer compositions
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US3124561A (en) * 1964-03-10 Polymerization initiators for polar
US3037011A (en) * 1962-05-29 Liquids
US3058969A (en) * 1962-10-16 Three-component metal hydride-transi-
US2927105A (en) * 1955-01-05 1960-03-01 Basf Ag Polymerization of ethylene
US3050513A (en) * 1955-10-17 1962-08-21 Phillips Petroleum Co Process and catalyst for production of rubbery polymers
US2944048A (en) * 1955-12-30 1960-07-05 Phillips Petroleum Co Process and catalyst for production of olefin polymers
US2969408A (en) * 1955-12-30 1961-01-24 Phillips Petroleum Co Process and catalyst for polymerization of olefins
US3073810A (en) * 1956-01-23 1963-01-15 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method for drying wet solid polymeric material
US2913446A (en) * 1956-02-21 1959-11-17 Exxon Research Engineering Co Polymerization process
US3161624A (en) * 1956-02-24 1964-12-15 Montedison Spa Polymerization of stryrene
US4076698A (en) * 1956-03-01 1978-02-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Hydrocarbon interpolymer compositions
US2993881A (en) * 1956-03-05 1961-07-25 Ruhrchemie Ag Process for the continuous polymerization of ethylene
US2919267A (en) * 1956-03-28 1959-12-29 Standard Oil Co Polymerization catalysts and processes
US3111505A (en) * 1956-04-04 1963-11-19 Hercules Powder Company Inc Process for preparing polymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride
US2930785A (en) * 1956-04-05 1960-03-29 Phillips Petroleum Co Process and catalyst for production of olefin polymers
US3027360A (en) * 1956-05-01 1962-03-27 Distillers Co Yeast Ltd Polymerisation process
US3089866A (en) * 1956-05-25 1963-05-14 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Process for the preparation of fluorine-containing polymers
US3012000A (en) * 1956-06-05 1961-12-05 Robert S Aries Process of making a graft copolymer of butadiene and styrene-allyl methacrylate copolymer
US3449307A (en) * 1956-06-05 1969-06-10 Phillips Petroleum Co Thermoplastic resins from aryl olefins
US2915514A (en) * 1956-06-07 1959-12-01 Monsanto Chemicals Polymerization process
US3084144A (en) * 1956-07-02 1963-04-02 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Process for polymerization of fluorinecontaining organic compounds
US2916478A (en) * 1956-07-09 1959-12-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Polymerization process
US3280082A (en) * 1956-07-11 1966-10-18 Montedison Spa Sulfur vulcanizable elastomers of ethylene, at least one other alpha-olefin and a conjugated diolefin and a process for preparing same
US3281404A (en) * 1956-07-31 1966-10-25 Montedison Spa Crystalline 1, 4-cis polybutadiene and processes for production thereof
US2991279A (en) * 1956-08-07 1961-07-04 Goodrich Gulf Chem Inc Treatment of olefin polymers
US2953555A (en) * 1956-08-07 1960-09-20 Goodrich Gulf Chem Inc Solvent separation treatment of olefin hydrocarbon polymers
US2999088A (en) * 1956-09-15 1961-09-05 Distillers Co Yeast Ltd Polymerisation process
US3153634A (en) * 1956-09-26 1964-10-20 Sun Oil Co Gamma alumina supported titanium and zirconium subhalides polymerization catalysts and preparation thereof
US3020269A (en) * 1957-01-10 1962-02-06 Union Carbide Corp Butadiene polymerization
US2940962A (en) * 1957-02-02 1960-06-14 Union Chimique Belge Sa Process for the preparation of crystalline polypropylenes
US2921933A (en) * 1957-03-18 1960-01-19 Collier Carbon & Chemical Co Manufacture of polyethylene
US3284426A (en) * 1957-03-18 1966-11-08 Hercules Inc Crystalline poly (vinyl ethers) and preparation thereof
US3047554A (en) * 1957-04-23 1962-07-31 Du Pont Polymerization catalyst of cobaltous chloride and aluminum triisobutyl for vinyl acetate
US3060162A (en) * 1957-04-29 1962-10-23 Stamicarbon Process of removing catalyst residues from hydrocarbon polymers and resultant products
US3065219A (en) * 1957-06-06 1962-11-20 Ucb Sa Process for polymerizing butadiene
US3031441A (en) * 1957-06-06 1962-04-24 Verheyden Albert Process for preparing polybutadienes
US3085997A (en) * 1957-07-05 1963-04-16 Union Carbide Corp Vinyl ether polymerization catalysts
US3088939A (en) * 1957-07-26 1963-05-07 American Cyanamid Co Method of making a crystallizable polymer with lithium as catalyst
US3008944A (en) * 1957-08-16 1961-11-14 Phillips Petroleum Co Production of solid polymers of diolefins
US3088985A (en) * 1957-09-02 1963-05-07 Studiengesellschaft Kohle Mbh New open-chain trimer and the production thereof
US3091601A (en) * 1957-09-20 1963-05-28 Union Carbide Corp Olefinic copolymers
US2979488A (en) * 1957-09-30 1961-04-11 Phillips Petroleum Co Modification of linear rubbery polymers
US3193540A (en) * 1957-09-30 1965-07-06 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Process of polymerizing methyl methacrylate
US2996492A (en) * 1957-10-01 1961-08-15 Exxon Research Engineering Co Recovery process for high molecular weight polymers
US2968652A (en) * 1957-11-27 1961-01-17 Sun Oil Co Polymerization process with a catalyst prepared by subjecting ticl3 to ultrasonic vibrations and adding an aluminum alkyl
US3208985A (en) * 1957-12-11 1965-09-28 Wacker Chemie Gmbh Olefin polymerization with a heavy metal compound-organohydrogen siloxane catalyst
US3043793A (en) * 1958-01-08 1962-07-10 Sun Oil Co Process for lowering the brittle point of solid heptane-insoluble polypropylene
US2958688A (en) * 1958-01-27 1960-11-01 Eastman Kodak Co Three-component organometallic-transition metal halide catalysts and olefin polymerization therewith
US3018278A (en) * 1958-01-27 1962-01-23 Eastman Kodak Co Three-component catalyst containing polymeric methyl halide-metal reaction product and titanium compound for olefin polymerization
US3026310A (en) * 1958-01-27 1962-03-20 Eastman Kodak Co Three-component catalyst containing polymeric methyl halide-metal reaction product and titanium compound for olefin polymerization
US2956991A (en) * 1958-01-27 1960-10-18 Eastman Kodak Co Three-component alkyl aluminum halide catalysts for olefin polymerization and olefin polymerization process therewith
US3081287A (en) * 1958-01-27 1963-03-12 Eastman Kodak Co x j jxx
US2965625A (en) * 1958-01-27 1960-12-20 Shell Oil Co Process of polymerizing a conjugated diene
US3502637A (en) * 1958-02-11 1970-03-24 Montedison Spa Homogeneous stereospecific catalysts and polymerization of butadiene therewith
US3094514A (en) * 1958-02-13 1963-06-18 Goodrich Gulf Chem Inc Polymerization process for aliphatic, conjugated dienes
US3435020A (en) * 1958-03-07 1969-03-25 Hercules Inc Crystalline polymers of alpha,omega-diolefins
US2976268A (en) * 1958-03-13 1961-03-21 Du Pont Polymer of 2, 6-disubstituted heptadiene-1, 6
US3004018A (en) * 1958-03-21 1961-10-10 Phillips Petroleum Co Process and catalyst for the production of rubbery polymers
US3024225A (en) * 1958-03-27 1962-03-06 Dow Chemical Co Polymerization of nu-vinylcarbazole
US2972607A (en) * 1958-03-31 1961-02-21 Eastman Kodak Co Four-component mixed metal-halogen catalysts for olefin polymerization
US2962487A (en) * 1958-03-31 1960-11-29 Eastman Kodak Co Three-component aluminum-titanium tetrahalide catalyst for olefin polymerization therewith
US3026309A (en) * 1958-03-31 1962-03-20 Eastman Kodak Co Three-component aluminum-titanium tetrahalide catalysts for olefin polymerization
US2951066A (en) * 1958-03-31 1960-08-30 Eastman Kodak Co Three-component olefin polymerization catalyst containing an aluminum sesquihalide and a transition metal compound
US2969346A (en) * 1958-03-31 1961-01-24 Eastman Kodak Co Three-component catalyst for polymerizing olefins containing a mixture of metals and a halogen
US3008945A (en) * 1958-04-28 1961-11-14 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Methods of preparing 1, 4 trans polyisoprene
US3014897A (en) * 1958-04-30 1961-12-26 American Cyanamid Co Stereospecific polymer and method of preparing
US3070587A (en) * 1958-06-16 1962-12-25 Phillips Petroleum Co Polymerization of conjugated diolefins in the presence of ticl4 air3 and o2
US3066126A (en) * 1958-06-16 1962-11-27 Shell Oil Co Diene polymerization catalyst
US3095406A (en) * 1958-07-28 1963-06-25 Phillips Petroleum Co Preparation of polymers of conjugated dienes
US3205212A (en) * 1958-08-11 1965-09-07 Phillips Petroleum Co Production of cis-1, 4-polybutadiene with a ticl4-tii4-air3 catalyst
US3115526A (en) * 1958-10-08 1963-12-24 Dal Mon Research Co Organo-metallo compounds and method of preparation
US3049524A (en) * 1958-10-24 1962-08-14 Sun Oil Co Polymerization of styrene
US3026313A (en) * 1958-11-06 1962-03-20 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Preparation of cis 1, 4 polyisoprene
US3127386A (en) * 1958-11-06 1964-03-31 Polymerization of cis-l
US3131171A (en) * 1958-11-14 1964-04-28 Monsanto Chemicals Catalyst for the polymerization of olefins containing the product of a titanium halide and an organoaluminum compound mixed with a lower alkyl halide solution of aluminum chloride
US3067188A (en) * 1959-01-16 1962-12-04 Phillips Petroleum Co Polymerization of 1, 3-butadiene with a tici-mocl-znr catalyst
US3147238A (en) * 1959-04-27 1964-09-01 Shell Oil Co Olefin polymerization process
US3027359A (en) * 1959-06-19 1962-03-27 Jurgeleit Hans Wolfgang Tertiary phosphine polymerization catalysts system
US3060989A (en) * 1959-08-17 1962-10-30 Phillips Petroleum Co Blends of cis-polybutadiene with either natural rubber or cis-polyisoprene, method of preparing same, and tire tread comprising same
US3061599A (en) * 1959-08-28 1962-10-30 California Research Corp Catalytic polymerization of alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids in heterogeneous mixture
US3025283A (en) * 1959-09-14 1962-03-13 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Process for the polymerization of vinyl ethers
US3051692A (en) * 1960-06-06 1962-08-28 Phillips Petroleum Co Production of solid olefin polymers
US2998416A (en) * 1960-06-23 1961-08-29 Cities Service Res & Dev Co Ylide-transition metal compound catalyst system, process of making and method of using
US3242155A (en) * 1960-07-01 1966-03-22 Phillips Petroleum Co Olefin polymerization catalysts and process
US3117834A (en) * 1960-09-07 1964-01-14 Glanzstoff Ag Process for the purification and activation of titanium trichloride
US3194799A (en) * 1960-11-25 1965-07-13 Eastman Kodak Co Three-component aluminum-titanium tetrahalide catalysts for olefin polymerization
US3159613A (en) * 1960-12-27 1964-12-01 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Preparation of crystalline poly
US3314931A (en) * 1961-03-06 1967-04-18 Continental Oil Co Polymerization in non-aqueous systems
US3177192A (en) * 1961-04-07 1965-04-06 Phillips Petroleum Co Production of cis-1, 4 polybutadiene with a ticl4-tii4-pbr4 catalyst
US3251901A (en) * 1961-06-29 1966-05-17 Chevron Res Preparation of normally liquid higher molecular weight olefins
US3264240A (en) * 1961-11-30 1966-08-02 Exxon Research Engineering Co Coke filled polyolefin compositions
US3222296A (en) * 1963-07-29 1965-12-07 Cabot Corp Lewis base stabilization of polymerization catalyst in storage
US3341619A (en) * 1964-04-13 1967-09-12 Exxon Research Engineering Co Polymerization of cis type ii olefins
US3855341A (en) * 1969-04-29 1974-12-17 Atlantic Richfield Co Propylene oligomerization process
US4026822A (en) * 1969-04-29 1977-05-31 Atlantic Richfield Company Zirconium phosphine complex catalyst
US4493903A (en) * 1981-05-12 1985-01-15 Conoco Inc. Polymerization process for drag reducing substances

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL213007A (en, 2012)
FR1168164A (fr) 1958-12-04
DE1266504B (de) 1968-04-18
NL96005C (en, 2012)
DK101484C (da) 1965-04-12
BE638937A (en, 2012)
CH366395A (fr) 1962-12-31
GB803198A (en) 1958-10-22

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