US2806991A - Electrical vapor detector - Google Patents

Electrical vapor detector Download PDF

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Publication number
US2806991A
US2806991A US400339A US40033953A US2806991A US 2806991 A US2806991 A US 2806991A US 400339 A US400339 A US 400339A US 40033953 A US40033953 A US 40033953A US 2806991 A US2806991 A US 2806991A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
core
heater
hydrogen
vapor
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US400339A
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English (en)
Inventor
William C White
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE534288D priority Critical patent/BE534288A/xx
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US400339A priority patent/US2806991A/en
Priority to GB34222/54A priority patent/GB754087A/en
Priority to FR1115861D priority patent/FR1115861A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2806991A publication Critical patent/US2806991A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
    • G01N27/68—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode using electric discharge to ionise a gas
    • G01N27/70—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode using electric discharge to ionise a gas and measuring current or voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
    • G01N27/121—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity, of the fluid

Definitions

  • My invention relates to improvements in electrical vapor detectors for the detection of certain substances or impurities in gases and is particularly adapted to detect the presen-ce of hydrogen, infiammable gases, reducing gases or vapors containing hydrogen.
  • a vapor for purposes of this disclosure is considered to be any diffuse matter which may consist of solid particles, liquid particles, matter in gaseous state or a mixture of matter in the above states.
  • a device in which my invention may be utilized is disclosed in U. S. Patent 2,550,498, issued April 24, 1951, to Chester W. Rice and assigned to the assignee of my present invention.
  • An object of my invention is to provide a vapor detectingv apparatus which is selectively sensitive to hydrogen and which will indicate a change in the concentration of hydrogen or hydrogen compounds in a sample of vapor.
  • Tube 14 is connected to the intake of a centrifugal blower 15 and tube 16 is connected to the discharge of the blower and to jacket 17.
  • Centrifugal blower 15 is driven by motor 18 which may receive energy through leads 19 from any suitable power source.
  • Jacket 17, which may be made yof any suitable material either rigid or flexible, is supported by circular bracket 20 and forms an entrance hole into which tube 16 may be inserted.
  • a flexible hose attachment may be coupled to tube 14 so that discrete areas such as welded :or sealed joints may be inspected for possible leaks.
  • the heater voltage source 7 is .adjusted for an output of approximately 10 volts and .85 ampere and the 'high voltage supply 10 is adjusted to a voltage somewhere between 275 and 325 volts preferably with the cold electrode 2 negative with respect to the heater 3.
  • the heater voltage may be varied by selection of .a suitable heater wire. Satisfactory sensitive elements have been vbuilt with heater wire as small as 3.5 mils in .diameter and as large as l0 mils in diameter.
  • the change in conductance of the impregnated ceramic core is believed to involve the phenomena of electrolysis and a form of polarization. Initially relatively heavy currents pass at low voltage but after a few hours of aging these currents decrease to a very low value, in the order of a few micro amperes. If the interelectrode ⁇ voltage is reversed, then relatively heavy currents again pass for short periods of time until the polarizing effect is again established. This same effect again occurs when the polarity is returned to its original condition.
  • the conductivity of the element is temperature sensitive. ⁇ In the case of alumina impregnated with sodium hydroxide, the sensitivity to hydrogen is absent or very slight at room temperature and the conductivity .and sensitivity increase as the core temperature is raised. An optimum operating temperature has proved to be 300 C.-450 C., since at higher temperatures the interelectrode current becomes high and erratic.
  • T he element -of my invention has proved to be highly Selective to the presence of inflammable gases, reducing gases, and gases or vapors containing the element hydrogen.
  • the element is also quite responsive to alcohol vapor even in such mixtures as would be obtained with perfumes and liquors. There is some response to nitrogen and ammonia but none to oxygen or carbon dioxide and further there is little or no response to halogen compound vapors.
  • my invention may take other forms than the specific embodiment of the figures -of the drawing.
  • a gas ⁇ sensitive element according to my invention may take any physical form provided there is an yeffective hot and cold electrode sep- -arated by a portion of treated ceramic with an apparatus connected between the two electrodes for measuring change in conductivity in the presence of vapors.
  • a vapordetector comprising a ceramic core impregnated with a salt having high electrolyte conductivity, a first electrode contacting a first portion of said core, a .second electrode contacting a second portion of said core, means for passing an electric current through said first electrode to cause heating of the portion of said core contacted thereby, and means for applying a voltage between said first and said second electrodes to cause a current to flow therebetween, said current increasing substantially in the presence of a hydrogencontaining vapor.
  • a vapor detector comprising a ceramic core impregnated with a salt having high electrolyte conductivity, a first electrode contacting a first portion of said core, a second electrode comprising a filamentary winding about the outer surface of said core, means for passing an electric current through said lamentary winding to cause heating of the portion of said core contacted thereby, and means for applying a voltage between said first and said second electrodes to cause a current to flow therebetween, said current increasing substantially in the presence of a hydrogen-containing vapor.
  • a vapor detector comprising a ceramic core impregnated with sodium hydroxide, a first electrode contacting a first portion of said core, a second electrode comprising a filamentary winding wound about the exterior surface of said core, a first source of voltage connected to said filamentary winding to cause a heating current to ow therethrough to heat the contacted surface portion of said core, and a second source of voltage applied between said first electrode and said second electrode to cause an operating current to ow therebetween, said operating current increasing substantially in the presence of a hydrogen-containing vapor.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
US400339A 1953-12-24 1953-12-24 Electrical vapor detector Expired - Lifetime US2806991A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE534288D BE534288A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1953-12-24
US400339A US2806991A (en) 1953-12-24 1953-12-24 Electrical vapor detector
GB34222/54A GB754087A (en) 1953-12-24 1954-11-25 Improvements in electrical vapour detectors
FR1115861D FR1115861A (fr) 1953-12-24 1954-12-16 Détecteur électrique perfectionné de gaz, vapeurs, fumées et corps analogues

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US400339A US2806991A (en) 1953-12-24 1953-12-24 Electrical vapor detector

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2806991A true US2806991A (en) 1957-09-17

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ID=23583209

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US400339A Expired - Lifetime US2806991A (en) 1953-12-24 1953-12-24 Electrical vapor detector

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2806991A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE534288A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1115861A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB754087A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2930016A (en) * 1955-12-12 1960-03-22 Plessey Co Ltd Hygrometer of high sensitivity
US2934693A (en) * 1957-09-09 1960-04-26 Phillips Petroleum Co Water analyzer
US3039025A (en) * 1954-08-20 1962-06-12 Gen Electric Humidity sensitive device
US3053515A (en) * 1958-07-21 1962-09-11 George V Woodling Temperature and moisture control devices
US3085198A (en) * 1959-02-17 1963-04-09 Gen Electric Combination leak detector and vacuum gauge
US3299387A (en) * 1964-12-23 1967-01-17 Gen Electric Humidity-sensitive resistor
US3430486A (en) * 1967-07-31 1969-03-04 Lorenzo A Richards Membrane-shield for soil hygrometer
US3625756A (en) * 1969-01-21 1971-12-07 Naoyoshi Taguchi Method for making a gas-sensing element
US3911386A (en) * 1975-01-15 1975-10-07 Ford Motor Co Exhaust gas air fuel ratio sensor
US3936794A (en) * 1974-06-27 1976-02-03 Ford Motor Company Exhaust gas sensor probe
US3945217A (en) * 1974-04-04 1976-03-23 Whirlpool Corporation Refrigeration system defrost control
US3961301A (en) * 1973-12-13 1976-06-01 Plessey Incorporated Humidity sensor
US4011538A (en) * 1976-01-30 1977-03-08 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Fluid sensor
US4052691A (en) * 1975-06-20 1977-10-04 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Humidity sensor
US4210894A (en) * 1977-08-30 1980-07-01 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Terminal unit for electrical circuit elements and sensing device employing said terminal unit
US4307373A (en) * 1977-06-22 1981-12-22 Rosemont Engineering Company Limited Solid state sensor element
US4321577A (en) * 1980-02-25 1982-03-23 General Electric Company Integral humidity sensor/heater configurations
US4499054A (en) * 1981-08-31 1985-02-12 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Cation emission type halogenated hydrocarbon gas detecting element
US4641423A (en) * 1974-10-21 1987-02-10 Fast Heat Element Manufacturing Co., Inc. Method of making electrically heated nozzles and nozzle systems
US4910463A (en) * 1987-12-17 1990-03-20 Sentech Corporation Halogen monitoring apparatus
US5198774A (en) * 1987-12-17 1993-03-30 Williams Ii William J Gas monitoring apparatus
US5301537A (en) * 1991-05-31 1994-04-12 W. C. Wood Company Limited Method for detecting halocarbon refrigerant leaks by usage of a continually heated mass spectrometer

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3631436A (en) * 1970-07-14 1971-12-28 Naoyoshi Taguchi Gas-detecting device

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US931594A (en) * 1908-12-26 1909-08-17 Frederick Gelstharp Flame-indicator for furnaces.
US1421720A (en) * 1920-06-03 1922-07-04 Claudius H M Roberts Method of and apparatus for detecting the presence of one gas in another
US2064651A (en) * 1931-12-30 1936-12-15 Gen Electric Humidity responsive device
US2316872A (en) * 1941-04-10 1943-04-20 Robert R Kernen Thermal control for electric circuit
US2550498A (en) * 1947-06-14 1951-04-24 Gen Electric Method and apparatus for electrically detecting vapors and the like
US2595943A (en) * 1949-04-26 1952-05-06 Porocel Corp Method of hardening bauxite with calcium sulfate
GB683511A (en) * 1949-07-26 1952-11-26 Rudolf Wendlandt Process for the production of hydrocyanic acid
GB685744A (en) * 1950-07-26 1953-01-07 Degussa Process for the production of hydrocyanic acid from volatile hydrocarbons and ammonia
US2647234A (en) * 1951-01-19 1953-07-28 Davies Lab Inc Cloud detecting system
US2714094A (en) * 1955-07-26 Ceramic surface cleanser

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2714094A (en) * 1955-07-26 Ceramic surface cleanser
US931594A (en) * 1908-12-26 1909-08-17 Frederick Gelstharp Flame-indicator for furnaces.
US1421720A (en) * 1920-06-03 1922-07-04 Claudius H M Roberts Method of and apparatus for detecting the presence of one gas in another
US2064651A (en) * 1931-12-30 1936-12-15 Gen Electric Humidity responsive device
US2316872A (en) * 1941-04-10 1943-04-20 Robert R Kernen Thermal control for electric circuit
US2550498A (en) * 1947-06-14 1951-04-24 Gen Electric Method and apparatus for electrically detecting vapors and the like
US2595943A (en) * 1949-04-26 1952-05-06 Porocel Corp Method of hardening bauxite with calcium sulfate
GB683511A (en) * 1949-07-26 1952-11-26 Rudolf Wendlandt Process for the production of hydrocyanic acid
GB685744A (en) * 1950-07-26 1953-01-07 Degussa Process for the production of hydrocyanic acid from volatile hydrocarbons and ammonia
US2647234A (en) * 1951-01-19 1953-07-28 Davies Lab Inc Cloud detecting system

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3039025A (en) * 1954-08-20 1962-06-12 Gen Electric Humidity sensitive device
US2930016A (en) * 1955-12-12 1960-03-22 Plessey Co Ltd Hygrometer of high sensitivity
US2934693A (en) * 1957-09-09 1960-04-26 Phillips Petroleum Co Water analyzer
US3053515A (en) * 1958-07-21 1962-09-11 George V Woodling Temperature and moisture control devices
US3085198A (en) * 1959-02-17 1963-04-09 Gen Electric Combination leak detector and vacuum gauge
US3299387A (en) * 1964-12-23 1967-01-17 Gen Electric Humidity-sensitive resistor
US3430486A (en) * 1967-07-31 1969-03-04 Lorenzo A Richards Membrane-shield for soil hygrometer
US3625756A (en) * 1969-01-21 1971-12-07 Naoyoshi Taguchi Method for making a gas-sensing element
US3961301A (en) * 1973-12-13 1976-06-01 Plessey Incorporated Humidity sensor
US3945217A (en) * 1974-04-04 1976-03-23 Whirlpool Corporation Refrigeration system defrost control
US3936794A (en) * 1974-06-27 1976-02-03 Ford Motor Company Exhaust gas sensor probe
US4641423A (en) * 1974-10-21 1987-02-10 Fast Heat Element Manufacturing Co., Inc. Method of making electrically heated nozzles and nozzle systems
US3911386A (en) * 1975-01-15 1975-10-07 Ford Motor Co Exhaust gas air fuel ratio sensor
US4052691A (en) * 1975-06-20 1977-10-04 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Humidity sensor
US4011538A (en) * 1976-01-30 1977-03-08 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Fluid sensor
US4307373A (en) * 1977-06-22 1981-12-22 Rosemont Engineering Company Limited Solid state sensor element
US4210894A (en) * 1977-08-30 1980-07-01 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Terminal unit for electrical circuit elements and sensing device employing said terminal unit
US4321577A (en) * 1980-02-25 1982-03-23 General Electric Company Integral humidity sensor/heater configurations
US4499054A (en) * 1981-08-31 1985-02-12 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Cation emission type halogenated hydrocarbon gas detecting element
US4910463A (en) * 1987-12-17 1990-03-20 Sentech Corporation Halogen monitoring apparatus
US5198774A (en) * 1987-12-17 1993-03-30 Williams Ii William J Gas monitoring apparatus
US5301537A (en) * 1991-05-31 1994-04-12 W. C. Wood Company Limited Method for detecting halocarbon refrigerant leaks by usage of a continually heated mass spectrometer
US5490413A (en) * 1991-05-31 1996-02-13 Atkinson; John A. Method and apparatus for detecting refrigerant leaks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1115861A (fr) 1956-04-30
GB754087A (en) 1956-08-01
BE534288A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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