US2790216A - Method and apparatus for the continuous casting of metal - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for the continuous casting of metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US2790216A
US2790216A US516621A US51662155A US2790216A US 2790216 A US2790216 A US 2790216A US 516621 A US516621 A US 516621A US 51662155 A US51662155 A US 51662155A US 2790216 A US2790216 A US 2790216A
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United States
Prior art keywords
metal
rollers
nozzle
casting
molten metal
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Expired - Lifetime
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US516621A
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English (en)
Inventor
Joseph L Hunter
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Hunter Engineering Co
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Hunter Engineering Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL104695D priority Critical patent/NL104695C/xx
Application filed by Hunter Engineering Co filed Critical Hunter Engineering Co
Priority to US516621A priority patent/US2790216A/en
Priority to GB14238/56A priority patent/GB806576A/en
Priority to ES0228969A priority patent/ES228969A1/es
Priority to DEH27320A priority patent/DE1218119B/de
Priority to FR1189838D priority patent/FR1189838A/fr
Priority to CH348241D priority patent/CH348241A/de
Priority to BE548825D priority patent/BE548825A/xx
Priority to ES0231283A priority patent/ES231283A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2790216A publication Critical patent/US2790216A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0622—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two casting wheels

Definitions

  • Figure 1 is a top or plan view of the continuous casting machine with the molten metal supply conduit shown f'r-agmentarily;
  • Fig. 2 is a partial elevational, partial sectional view, taken along the line 22 of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged, longitudinal, sectional view, taken through 3-3 of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view of one of the rollers and its bearings, taken through 4-.4 of Fig. 3 with portions shown in elevation;
  • Fig. 5 is a further enlarged, transverse, sectional view through 5-5 of Fig. 1, showing the rollers and nozzle blocks and illustrating the manner in which the metal is continuously cast;
  • Fig, 6 is a still further enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view through 6-6 of Fig. 1, showing adjacent portions of the rollers and the nozzle tip, and illustrating particularly the manner in which the metal flows from the nozzle tip and solidifies as it passes between the rollers;
  • Fig, 7 is a fragmentary sectional View through 77 of Fig. 6, showing the manner in which an end block forms the edge of the. cast metal;
  • Fig. 8 is a fragmentary, perspective view of a pair of complementary nozzle blocks.
  • Fig. 9 is a fragmentary, perspective view of one of the end blocks.
  • the continuous casting machine includes a pair of U-shaped end frames 1 which are secured in parallel relation by cross bars 2.
  • the legs of each end frame are connected by a tie bar 3 so as to define a large opening in which is mounted a pair of bearing blocks 4.
  • the bearing blocks 4 are capable of movement to and from each other, and for this purpose ride on guideways 5 provided on the upper surface of the cross portion of the U-shaped frame 1.
  • the bearing blocks are additionally guided by a guide bar 6 supported from the tie bar 3.
  • each end frame 1 is equipped to receive an adjustment screw "1', the inner end of which bears against a corresponding bearing block and the outer end of which is provided with a suitable handle 8 so that the adjustment screw may be rotated.
  • the other bearing block of each pair rests against a pad 9 of predetermined thickness, interposed between the bearing block and the corresponding leg of the end frame.
  • Springs 9a are interposed between the bearing blocks in each frame to separate them when the screw 7 is backed off.
  • the bearing blocks 4 disposed in the two end frames are arranged in coaxial pairs, between each pair of which is. mounted a roller 10.
  • Each roller includes end shafts 11 and 12 journaled in the bearing blocks 4.
  • each roller Ill includes a shell 13 of heat-conducting material fitted over a core 14.
  • the surface of the core is provided with a plurality of longitudinal channels 15, the ends of which communicate with annular grooves 16 which in turn are intersected by radiating passages 17.
  • Each roller 10 is provided with a central bore 18.
  • a conduit 20 extends through the counterbore 19 to form an inner passage communicat-.
  • a tubular sleeve 21 closed at its extended end and jacketed by a housing 22.
  • the housing is provided with a flange 22a for attachment to the bearing block so as to restrain the housing against rotation.
  • the conduit 29 extends into the sleeve 21 and is provided with a flanged end 23 to divide the sleeve into an intake chamber 24 and a discharge chamber 25.
  • the chambers 24 and 25 are ported for communication with corresponding passageways in the housing 22 which connect with a supply pipe 26 and return pipe 27.
  • Suitable coolant is supplied from a source, not shown, and flows through the counterbcre 19, then outwardly through one set of radiating passages 17, then along the longitudinal channels 15, and returns throughthe second set of radiating passages to the central bore 18, conduit 20, and return pipe 27.
  • the shafts 12 project from their bearings and are provided with intermeshing gears 28 so that the shafts and their rollers rotate at the same speed.
  • One of the shafts 12 is connected to a drive shaft 29.
  • rollers are intended to occupy a substantially predetermined spaced relation within the limits determined by intermeshing of the gears 28, and thus produce a cast product of substantially predetermined thickness.
  • a pair of drive shafts may be connected to the shafts 12 through co-n- Adjacent the ends of the rollers 10, end blocks or dams 42, also formed of ceramic material, are provided.
  • the end blocks have the same profile as a complementary pair of nozzle blocks 36, that is, the sides of the end blocks are curved arcuately to conform to the confronting portions of the rollers.
  • the end blocks extend above the nozzle blocks to the plane A common to the roller axes.
  • the region between the dams 42 and confronting and converging portions of the rollers and above the nozzle blocks forms a casting chamber.
  • the end blocks 42 are backed by metal end plates 44 which also have arcuate sides conforming to the confronting curved surfaces of the rollers.
  • the metal end plates 44 limit upward movement of the entire nozzle assembly and thus prevent crushing of the blocks, particularly the nozzle tips. Also they serve to limit lateral bodily move ment of the rollers toward each other.
  • a support bar 30 Extending longitudinally under the rollers 10 and centered with respect to the slot formed between the adjacent sides of the rollers is a support bar 30, which is The support bar 30 projects outwardly through one of the end frames 1 and supports a base plate 45 similar to the base plate 34. Side plates 46, indicated in Fig. 2, are secured to the base plate 45 to form a channel which receives a series of conduit blocks 47 formed of ceramic capable of vertical adjustment by means of suitable jack units 31 joined by connecting shafts 32 and 33, so that the supporting bar 30 may be raised and lowered relative to the rollers.
  • the portion of the supporting bar 30 located under the rollers 10 receives a base plate 34 to which are attached 7 side plates 35, defining a channel extending longitudinally with respect to the rollers.
  • a series of nozzle blocks 36 Secured within the channel thus formed is a series of nozzle blocks 36.
  • the nozzle blocks are formed of ceramic material having insulation properties and of such character as to be capable of containing in a molten state the metal to be cast.
  • the nozzle blocks 36 are preferably arranged in complementary pairs divided along a plane perpendicular to the plane defined by the axes of the rollers 10.
  • the nozzle blocks may extend the length of the rollers. However, it is preferred to divide the nozzle blocks into relatively short sections, as indicated best in Fig. 3, to facilitate manufacture and replacement of the nozzle blocks.
  • Each complementary pair of nozzle blocks forms a trough having a horizontal passageway 37, the side walls of which converge upwardly to form a relatively narrow nozzle slit 38, as shown best in Figs. 5, 6, and 8.
  • Bosses 39 project laterally from opposite sides of the nozzle slit 38 to form lateral supports for the upper portions of the nozzle blocks so as to maintain a nozzle slit of constant width.
  • the side plates 35 and nozzle blocks 36 are provided with mating key grooves which receive key bars 34a.
  • the nozzle blocks extend into the converging space between the rollers to a point near the plane designated A in Fig. .6 which passes through the roller axes.
  • the discharge end of the nozzle slit 38 is thus relatively or ceramic-like material.
  • the conduit blocks define a passage 48 which communicates with the passageway 37 through ports provided in the intervening end plate 44 and end block 42. These ports are lined by a sleeve 49 of ceramic material.
  • a supply box 50 formed of ceramic material into which the molten metal is poured.
  • the supply box has a port 51 communicating with the passage 48.
  • the supply box is also provided with an overflow spout 52, the height of which may be adjusted so as to facilitate the maintenance of a liquid level in a plane B, preferably located between the nozzle tip and the plane A passing through the axes of the rollers, as
  • the rollers 10 are adjusted to provide a predetermined spacing therebetween and the support bar 30 is raised so as to bring the nozzle blocks 36 into running engagement with the rollers 10.
  • the rollers are rotated and coolant is circulated through the coolant passages.
  • Molten metal is poured into the box 50 and caused to flow through the conduit blocks 47 and passageway 37,
  • the rollers grip and carry away the solid metal. If the rollers are turning too slowly, the metal solidifies faster than it is carried away. Under this condition, the entire mass of metal above the nozzle tip becomes solidified, and in addition progressively solidifies downward into the nozzle tip with the result that the entire mass of metal, including the nozzle tip, is drawn between'the rollers and crushed.
  • the proper speed is relatively easy to determine. If the speed is too slow, cold laps may be apparent in the surface of the material and the power required to drive the machine will sharply increase. This condition can be readily detected by an ammeter connected to the driving motor and the roller speed changed accordingly, before damage occurs.
  • voids or hot-spots will appear in the strip, that is, areas. where the metal is not picked up by the rollers. This may occur at either or both edges or any spot across the width of the strip. The metal below these void areas continues to remain molten and is not elevated in the hotshort stage such as occurs during the starting period.
  • This phenomenon is due to two conditions: first, the fact that heat transfer is much more rapid where the rollers are in contact with the metal which has solidified, and, second, that the molten metal below the void tends to well up and flow laterally toward that area where solidification is still taking place. If the machine is slowed down slightly, the void areas will gradually close until uniform solidification prevails across the entire width of the rolls.
  • the solid metal, designated C, after passing upwardly between the rollers, may be coiled or fed into other rollers or otherwise subjected to further treatment.
  • the diameter of the rollers is quite large as compared to the distance between the nozzle tip and the plane A common to the roller axes.
  • the angle defined between the plane A and the nozzle tip represents only a few degrees of the roller circumference. In the construction illustrated, this angle, designated D, is approximately 9". The angle may vary between 5 and depending upon the size of the rollers and the metal being cast.
  • complete solidification of the metal occur at a level designated E in Fig. 6, which is slightly below the plane A.
  • the optimum level of complete solidification is such that the difference in distance between the rollers at the level E and at the level A is approximately equal to the shrinkage of the metal as it decreases in temperature between these two levels.
  • the nozzle blocks 36 should conform to the rollers 10 close enough to prevent back flow of metal between the nozzle tips and the rollers, particularly during the starting period. This does not mean that a forced bearing contact is required. A clearance of from .005 to .015 and more, depending upon the metal being cast, may be tolerated between the nozzle tips and the rollers. Progressively greater clearance may be permitted below the nozzle tips.
  • the slight clearance thus afforded reduces materially heat transfer from the nozzle blocks to the rollers.
  • Such heat transfer is, of course, also minimized by the use of ceramic or ceramic-like material having good heat-insulating properties.
  • the use of an insulating material for the nozzle blocks is desirable so that the temperature of the metal will not be appreciably reduced in its travel from the supply box to the casting region between the rollers.
  • a ceramic is selected which is inert relative to the metal being cast and which is not wetted by the molten metal.
  • the nozzle blocks may be peheated. In practice, this is done before insertion of the nozzle blocks into the machine by causing the molten metal to flow through the nozzle blocks until bubbling, caused by vaporizing of absorbed moisture, ceases. After this, the nozzle blocks are cleaned of solidified metal and inserted in the machine.
  • rollers It is essential that the rollers be completely free of foreign matter which would cause unequal heat transfer from the rollers to the metal. For example, a mere thumb print on the surface of. the roller will change the rate of heat transfer in the area of the thumb print sufficient to cause a hot spot in the product. That is, in this region a hole or depression will occur in the cast product. After several revolutions, however, the effect of the thumb print is completely dissipated.
  • the provision of a slight head of molten metal to produce metal flow ensures the presence at all times of a continuous column of molten metal behind the solidifying zone so that sound metal is formed and withdrawn continuously. At the same time, if the rate of solidification is decreased for some reason, there is no force present to cause the escape of molten metal from the apparatus.
  • the heat-absorbing capacity of the metal comprising the roller shell 13 can be relied upon to extract the required heat from the molten metal, without depending upon the liquid coolant immediately behind the portion of the shell 13 contacting the molten metal to absorb heat. That is, it may be considered that the metal shell itself absorbs the heat from molten metal being cast and then later transfers the heat to the coolant. As a result the shell 13 can be quite thick as it is fully supported by the core, so that the rollers can exert ample working pressure against the metal.
  • the metal or other material employed for the shell 13 depends on the metal being cast. It should not be wetted by the molten metal or react therewith, and should be capable of withstanding thermal shock; also it should have good heat-conducting properties. Copper, copper alloys, aluminum, aluminum alloys, steel, iron or steel alloys, and graphite are suitable, but do not exhaust the range of metals which may be used. It is desirable that the rollers be as clean and as uniform in surface condition as possible, to avoid hot spots. Some benefit is obtained by the use of a mold release silicone applied in a thin film when starting. In the casting of aluminum, this film must finally be cleaned off until substituted by an aluminum oxide coating produced in the casting process. Then a thin film of the mold release is again applied and left on. Other non-carbonizing oils may be used.
  • the range of metals which may be cast by the apparatus herein disclosed is primarily dependent upon the material employed in the ceramic nozzles, as it is essential that the nozzles be capable of withstanding the temperature of the metal in its liquid state and be inert to I the metal and not wetted thereby.
  • Strip speed (surface speed or roll- 56 per min.
  • the method of continuously casting metal is substantially as follows:
  • Molten metal is caused to flow through an enclosed ceramic conduit, fully isolated from air contamination, and is then caused to flow upwardly or upwell through a nozzle into a casting chamber at velocities below those which would produce turbulence; that is, laminar flow of the molten metal is maintained.
  • the molten metal is brought into heat-transferring relation with upwardly moving converging walls forming confironting sides of the casting chamber.
  • the surface speed of the converging walls is maintained at approximately the rate of upward flow of the molten metal. It is a feature of this method of continuous casting that the head of the molten metal be within the vertical heightof the casting chamber.
  • This method of continuously casting metal contemplates the further step of extracting heat from the moving walls, and moving the walls in paths which return to the casting chamber so that the walls on entering the region defining the casting chamber are chilled.
  • the step of extracting heat from the molten metal is conducted under conditions of substantial temperature differential between the moving walls and the molten metal, and the rate of convergence of the moving walls, particularly beyond the level at which complete solidification takes place, is at least equal to the rate of thermal contraction of the metal as to maintain maximum heattransferring contact therebetween.
  • This method of continuous casting of metal conternplates the further step of working the cast metal as it is solidified by application of rolling or compression forces thereon.
  • a continuous casting machine for metals comprising: a pair of rollers having upwardly movable confronting portions converging to a minimum spaced relation and then diverging from each other; a nozzle formed of heatinsulating material capable of containing in a molten state the metal to be cast, said nozzle fitting between said rollers, directed upwardly between the converging portions of said rollers, and terminating in a nozzle outlet dis posed in proximity to the point of minimum spacing between said rollers, said nozzle defining with the confronting portions of said rollers a casting chamber; dams at the axial ends of said rollers forming the ends of said casting chamber; means for supplying molten metal to said nozzle for discharge through said outlet; means for maintaining the pressure of the liquid flowing from said nozzle outlet at a value approximating the pressure represented by a height of the liquid metal corresponding to the height of said dams, whereby the liquid metal upwells turbulent free into said casting chamber; means for cooling said rollers to remove heat transferred thereto by the molten metal, where
  • a continuous casting machine for metals comprising: a pair of rollers having upwardly movable confronting portions converging to a minimum spaced relation and then diverging from each other; a nozzle formed of heat-insulating material capable of containing in a molten condition the metal to be cast, said nozzle having an enclosed laterally directed supply passage, and an up wardly directed nozzle slit, said nozzle adapted to be positioned between the upwardly converging portions of said rollers with said nozzle slit extending axially with respect to said rollers and directly upwardly, the upper discharge end of said nozzle defining With the confronting portions of said rollers a casting chamber; dams at the axial ends of said rollers forming the ends of said casting chamber; means for supplying molten metal through said passageway so as to completely fill said nozzle and cause the molten metal to upwell Without turbulence into said casting chamber; means for cooling said means i0 rollers to remove heat transferred thereto-by the molten metal, whereby said metal solid
  • Acontinuous casting "machine for metals comprising: a nozzle structure comprising a series of complementary pairs of nozzle blocks defining ahorizon'tal supply passage, the upper side of which converges to form a discharge slit extending lengthwise of said passageway, the exterior side walls of said nozzle blocks converging toward said slit; means defining a pair of upwardly movable converging walls of heat-conducting material conforming substantially to the converging sides of said nozzle blocks and extending above said discharge slit until spaced a predetermined minimum distance, then diverging from each other, the converging portions of said walls above said nozzle slit defining the sides of a casting chamber; dams at the ends of said nozzle structure conforming to said confronting walls to form the ends of said casting chamber; means for supplying molten metal through said supply passage so as to completely fill said nozzle structure and upwell turbulent free into said casting chamber; means for moving said confronting walls upwardly; said walls being .in intimate heat-conductive relation with the metal up
  • Apparatus for the continuous casting of metal sheet comprising: a pair of spaced substantially parallelcylindrical rolls of heat-conducting material; a pair of upwardly directed opposed heat-insulating members, inert to the metal, mounted in the space between the rolls, each having an external surface conforming to a longitudinal surface portion of the adjacent roll; said members defining a cavity converging upwardly toward a longitudinal opening of uniform width near the center line of the rolls; means for feeding molten metal steadily through said cavity-and then to cause said molten metal to upwell uniformly throughout the length of said opening intoheat transferring contact with said rolls; means for maintaining said molten metal at a pressure insufficient to force the molten metal above the center line of said rolls; mean for internally cooling said rolls; and means for rotating said rolls in the direction of metal flow, at a rate to permit solidification of said metal whereby said rolls discharge therebetween a solid ribbon of cast metal.
  • a continuous casting machine for metals comprising: a pair of elongated cylindrical rollers formed of heat-conducting material occupying parallel axes and defining confronting portions converging upwardly to a plane defined by said axes, then diverging; an elongated nozzle structure formed of heat-insulating material adapted to fit between the upwardly converging portions of said rollers and terminating in an outlet slit substantially coextensive with the axial length of said rollers and in proximity to and below said plane, said nozzle having a flow passage extending therethrough in communication with said outlet slit; means for supplying molten metal to said passage and said outlet slit for discharge into the region between the upwardly converging portions of said rollers, whereby the molten metal is brought into intimate heat transfer relation therewith; and meansfor rotating said rollers to move said converging portions from said nozzle outlet slit toward said plane defined by the axes of the rollers, said rollers having a heat-absorbing capacity to effect solidification of the metal approximately
  • a continuous casting machine for metals comprising: means defining a casting chamber having upwardly moving side walls converging to the top of said casting chamber to form a discharge opening and thereafter diverging, said casting chamber also having an aper-tured bottom wall formed of heat-insulating material; means for causing substantially turbulent free upwelling of molten metal through the aperture in said bottom wall into said chamber for heat-transferring contact with said side walls; the heat-absorbing capacity of said side walls being sufiicient to completely solidify said metal in the upper region of said casting chamber, whereby cast metal is discharged therefrom by upward travel of said side walls.
  • a continuous casting machine comprising a pair of rollers formed of heat conducting material, means mounting 'sa'id rollers with confronting portions positioned close to one another, means for rotating said rollers so that their confronting portions converge upwardly to the point of minimum spatial relation and then diverge, means forming a chamber for molten metal having an open top and a closed bottom and located wholly in the bight between said upwardly-converging roller surfaces and just below the point of minimum spacing between said surfaces, at least the upper portion of the side walls of said chamber for molten metal being formed by said upwardly-converging portions of said rollers, the portion of said roller surfaces defining the side walls of said chamber for molten metal being between about and about 20 of the circumference of said rollers, means for feeding molten metal :to said chamber, and means for cooling the walls of said rollers to remove heat transferred thereto by the molten metal, whereby upon said rotation of the rollers the molten metal solidifies in the region of minimum spacing between said confronting roller surfaces and is discharged
  • a continuous casting machine as set forth in claim 8 in which at least the main portions of the walls defining said chamber for molten metal, other than those defined by the confronting wall surfaces of said rollers, are formed of heat-insulating material.
  • a continuous casting machine as set forth in claim 8 in which the lower portion of said chamber for molten metal is formed by a trough of heat-insulating material, the side walls of which are positioned contiguous the upwardly-converging confronting wall surfaces of the rollers.
  • a method of continuously casting metals which comprises continuously causing confronting portions of roller surfaces to move upwardly in converging relation to a point of minimum spacing and then to diverge, maintaining a body of molten metal in the bight between said upwardly-moving, converging surfaces and in contact therewith, restricting the space for contact of the molten metal with said upwardly-converging surfaces to between about 5 to about 20 of the circumference of said roller surfaces extending downwardly from the point of minimum spacing of said surfaces, and cooling said surfaces to cause solidification of molten metal in contact therewith.
  • a method of continuously casting metal as set forth in claim 11 in which said surfaces are caused to converge at a rate corresponding approximately to the rate of thermal contraction of the metal solidified between said surfaces.
  • a method of continuously casting metal as set forth in claim 11 in which said surfaces are caused to converge at a rate greater than the rate of thermal contraction of the metal solidified against said surfaces, so that the solidified metal is subjected to compression as it passes through the point of minimum spacing of said surfaces.
  • a method of continuously casting metal as set forth in claim 11 in which the molten metal in contact with the upwardly-converging surfaces is maintained in a turbulent-free state.
  • a method of continuously casting metal as set forth in claim 11 in which the molten metal is maintained at a pressure insufiicient to force it above the point of minimum spacing between said confronting surfaces.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
US516621A 1955-06-20 1955-06-20 Method and apparatus for the continuous casting of metal Expired - Lifetime US2790216A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL104695D NL104695C (pt) 1955-06-20
US516621A US2790216A (en) 1955-06-20 1955-06-20 Method and apparatus for the continuous casting of metal
GB14238/56A GB806576A (en) 1955-06-20 1956-05-08 Improvements in or relating to casting machine and continuous casting process
ES0228969A ES228969A1 (es) 1955-06-20 1956-06-05 MáQUINA DE COLADA CONTINUA PARA METALES
DEH27320A DE1218119B (de) 1955-06-20 1956-06-15 Metallzufuehrung fuer eine Stranggiessmaschine
FR1189838D FR1189838A (fr) 1955-06-20 1956-06-19 Perfectionnement à une machine à couler et à un procédé de coulée en continu
CH348241D CH348241A (de) 1955-06-20 1956-06-19 Stranggiessverfahren und Maschine zu dessen Durchführung
BE548825D BE548825A (pt) 1955-06-20 1956-06-20
ES0231283A ES231283A1 (es) 1955-06-20 1956-10-10 Un procedimiento de colada continua de metal

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US516621A US2790216A (en) 1955-06-20 1955-06-20 Method and apparatus for the continuous casting of metal

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US2790216A true US2790216A (en) 1957-04-30

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US516621A Expired - Lifetime US2790216A (en) 1955-06-20 1955-06-20 Method and apparatus for the continuous casting of metal

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US (1) US2790216A (pt)
BE (1) BE548825A (pt)
CH (1) CH348241A (pt)
DE (1) DE1218119B (pt)
ES (2) ES228969A1 (pt)
FR (1) FR1189838A (pt)
GB (1) GB806576A (pt)
NL (1) NL104695C (pt)

Cited By (51)

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US3038219A (en) * 1958-07-02 1962-06-12 Armco Steel Corp Method and means for high capacity direct casting of molten metal
US3120037A (en) * 1961-11-01 1964-02-04 Albert W Scribner Continuous casting
US3167830A (en) * 1960-12-08 1965-02-02 Hazellett Strip Casting Corp Continuous metal casting apparatus
US3208112A (en) * 1961-11-01 1965-09-28 Albert W Scribner Metal casting method and apparatus
US3405757A (en) * 1967-04-12 1968-10-15 Harvey Aluminum Inc Method and apparatus for continuous casting of metal between oppositely rotatable cooling rolls set generally one above the other
US3430683A (en) * 1967-01-12 1969-03-04 American Metal Climax Inc Feed tip for continuous strip casting machine
US3447590A (en) * 1967-12-01 1969-06-03 Erik Allan Olsson Roll type continuous casting apparatus
US3696860A (en) * 1971-06-20 1972-10-10 Piero Colombo Method and apparatus for the continuous casting of flat blooms or the like
US3730254A (en) * 1970-12-18 1973-05-01 Creusot Loire Roller pair type continuous casting apparatus
US3799410A (en) * 1972-05-25 1974-03-26 Nat Steel Corp Feed tip for continuous casting machine
US3930895A (en) * 1974-04-24 1976-01-06 Amax Aluminum Company, Inc. Special magnesium-manganese aluminum alloy
DE2551294A1 (de) * 1974-11-15 1976-05-26 Alcan Res & Dev Verfahren zur herstellung verbesserter metallegierungsprodukte
US4000009A (en) * 1975-03-26 1976-12-28 National Steel Corporation Wrought pure grade aluminum alloy and process for producing same
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US4232804A (en) * 1978-11-02 1980-11-11 Hunter Engineering Company Molten metal feed tip
US4303181A (en) * 1978-11-02 1981-12-01 Hunter Engineering Company Continuous caster feed tip
US4326579A (en) * 1980-01-23 1982-04-27 National-Standard Company Method of forming a filament through melt extraction
EP0061256A1 (en) * 1981-03-12 1982-09-29 Coors Container Company Processes for making can end stock from roll cast aluminium and product
US4407679A (en) * 1980-11-19 1983-10-04 National Steel Corporation Method of producing high tensile aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet and the products so obtained
US4453654A (en) * 1982-06-16 1984-06-12 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Continuous casting nozzle with transverse reinforcement structure
EP0139966A1 (en) * 1983-08-26 1985-05-08 Norsk Hydro A/S Device for feeding molten metal to a strip casting machine
US4546814A (en) * 1982-05-24 1985-10-15 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Process and apparatus for the production of rapidly solidified metallic tapes by double-roll system
US4565240A (en) * 1982-10-12 1986-01-21 Kawasaki Seitetsu Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for continuous casting of metal sheet
US4632176A (en) * 1985-04-19 1986-12-30 Pearce Ronald A Apparatus for continuous strip casting of aluminum sheet material
US4641767A (en) * 1985-01-28 1987-02-10 Hunter Engineering Co., Inc. Casting tip assembly with replaceable upstream and downstream units
US4681152A (en) * 1985-10-04 1987-07-21 Hunter Engineering Company, Inc. Continuous casting aluminum alloy
US4716956A (en) * 1986-12-03 1988-01-05 Aluminum Company Of America Roll caster feed tip and method
US4751958A (en) * 1985-10-04 1988-06-21 Hunter Engineering Company, Inc. Continuous casting aluminum alloy
US5053286A (en) * 1986-01-23 1991-10-01 Federal-Mogul Corporation Aluminum-lead engine bearing alloy metallurgical structure and method of making same
US5365664A (en) * 1993-06-22 1994-11-22 Federal-Mogul Corporation Method of making aluminum alloy bearing
US5536587A (en) * 1995-08-21 1996-07-16 Federal-Mogul Corporation Aluminum alloy bearing
US5616189A (en) * 1993-07-28 1997-04-01 Alcan International Limited Aluminum alloys and process for making aluminum alloy sheet
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EP1520728A2 (en) 2003-09-30 2005-04-06 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing a support for a lithographic printing plate
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US20060213589A1 (en) * 2005-03-23 2006-09-28 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing a support for a lithographic printing plate
US20070012573A1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2007-01-18 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Lithographic printing plate support, method of manufacturing the same, and presensitized plate
CN103182492A (zh) * 2011-12-30 2013-07-03 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种双辊薄带连铸铸辊的定位及辊缝调节方法及装置
US8999079B2 (en) 2010-09-08 2015-04-07 Alcoa, Inc. 6xxx aluminum alloys, and methods for producing the same
US9587298B2 (en) 2013-02-19 2017-03-07 Arconic Inc. Heat treatable aluminum alloys having magnesium and zinc and methods for producing the same
US9926620B2 (en) 2012-03-07 2018-03-27 Arconic Inc. 2xxx aluminum alloys, and methods for producing the same
WO2022256805A1 (en) * 2021-06-02 2022-12-08 Novelis, Inc. Nosetip design for high-performance continuous casting

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US4681152A (en) * 1985-10-04 1987-07-21 Hunter Engineering Company, Inc. Continuous casting aluminum alloy
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US4716956A (en) * 1986-12-03 1988-01-05 Aluminum Company Of America Roll caster feed tip and method
US5365664A (en) * 1993-06-22 1994-11-22 Federal-Mogul Corporation Method of making aluminum alloy bearing
US5616189A (en) * 1993-07-28 1997-04-01 Alcan International Limited Aluminum alloys and process for making aluminum alloy sheet
US5636681A (en) * 1994-07-19 1997-06-10 Alcan International Limited Process and apparatus for casting metal strip
US6221515B1 (en) 1994-10-13 2001-04-24 Metal Leve S/A Industria E Comercio Bimetallic strip for a sliding bearing and process for producing said bimetallic strip
US5536587A (en) * 1995-08-21 1996-07-16 Federal-Mogul Corporation Aluminum alloy bearing
EP1106283A1 (en) * 1999-12-03 2001-06-13 Fata Hunter, Inc. Roll caster variable feed tip width adjustment system
US6363999B1 (en) 1999-12-03 2002-04-02 Fata Hunter, Inc. Variable tip width adjustment system
US20050155456A1 (en) * 2000-04-14 2005-07-21 Tosoh Smd, Inc. Sputter targets and methods of manufacturing same to reduce particulate emission during sputtering
US7712514B2 (en) 2000-04-14 2010-05-11 Tosoh Smd, Inc. Sputter targets and methods of manufacturing same to reduce particulate emission during sputtering
US20090078391A1 (en) * 2000-04-14 2009-03-26 Tosoh Smd, Inc. Sputter targets and methods of manufacturing same to reduce particulate emission during sputtering
US6739196B2 (en) 2000-05-11 2004-05-25 Tosoh Smd, Inc. Cleanliness evaluation in sputter targets using phase
US7087142B2 (en) 2001-04-04 2006-08-08 Tosoh Smd, Inc. Method for determining a critical size of an inclusion in aluminum or aluminum alloy sputtering target
US20040118675A1 (en) * 2001-04-04 2004-06-24 Wickersham Charles E Method for deteriming a critical size of an inclusion in aluminum or aluminum alloy sputtering target
US6895342B2 (en) 2001-08-09 2005-05-17 Tosoh Smd, Inc. Method and apparatus for non-destructive target cleanliness characterization by types of flaws sorted by size and location
US20040199337A1 (en) * 2001-08-09 2004-10-07 Alexander Leybovich Method and apparatus for non-destructive target cleanliness characterization by types of flaws sorted by size and location
US20040128833A1 (en) * 2003-01-08 2004-07-08 Liu Joshua C. Method of manufacturing a caster roll
US6971174B2 (en) 2003-01-08 2005-12-06 Alcoa Inc. Method of manufacturing a caster roll
US20040129403A1 (en) * 2003-01-08 2004-07-08 Liu Joshua C. Caster roll
US6892793B2 (en) 2003-01-08 2005-05-17 Alcoa Inc. Caster roll
EP1520728A2 (en) 2003-09-30 2005-04-06 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing a support for a lithographic printing plate
US20060213589A1 (en) * 2005-03-23 2006-09-28 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing a support for a lithographic printing plate
US20070012573A1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2007-01-18 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Lithographic printing plate support, method of manufacturing the same, and presensitized plate
US20090061354A1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2009-03-05 Fujifilm Corporation Lithographic Printing Plate Support, Method of Manufacturing the Same, and Presensitized Plate
US8338073B2 (en) 2005-07-14 2012-12-25 Fujifilm Corporation Lithographic printing plate support, method of manufacturing the same, and presensitized plate
US9359660B2 (en) 2010-09-08 2016-06-07 Alcoa Inc. 6XXX aluminum alloys, and methods for producing the same
US8999079B2 (en) 2010-09-08 2015-04-07 Alcoa, Inc. 6xxx aluminum alloys, and methods for producing the same
US9194028B2 (en) 2010-09-08 2015-11-24 Alcoa Inc. 2xxx aluminum alloys, and methods for producing the same
US9249484B2 (en) 2010-09-08 2016-02-02 Alcoa Inc. 7XXX aluminum alloys, and methods for producing the same
CN103182492A (zh) * 2011-12-30 2013-07-03 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种双辊薄带连铸铸辊的定位及辊缝调节方法及装置
US9926620B2 (en) 2012-03-07 2018-03-27 Arconic Inc. 2xxx aluminum alloys, and methods for producing the same
US9587298B2 (en) 2013-02-19 2017-03-07 Arconic Inc. Heat treatable aluminum alloys having magnesium and zinc and methods for producing the same
WO2022256805A1 (en) * 2021-06-02 2022-12-08 Novelis, Inc. Nosetip design for high-performance continuous casting

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE548825A (pt) 1956-12-20
DE1218119B (de) 1966-06-02
ES228969A1 (es) 1957-03-01
FR1189838A (fr) 1959-10-07
GB806576A (en) 1958-12-31
CH348241A (de) 1960-08-15
ES231283A1 (es) 1957-03-16
NL104695C (pt)

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