US2772459A - Continuous casting of metals - Google Patents

Continuous casting of metals Download PDF

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Publication number
US2772459A
US2772459A US235987A US23598751A US2772459A US 2772459 A US2772459 A US 2772459A US 235987 A US235987 A US 235987A US 23598751 A US23598751 A US 23598751A US 2772459 A US2772459 A US 2772459A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
mold
casting
metal
metals
ingot
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US235987A
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English (en)
Inventor
Wieland Hans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wieland Werke AG
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Wieland Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/049—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for direct chill casting, e.g. electromagnetic casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the continuous casting of metals.
  • the invention is directed to the continuous casting of metals in an unlubricated mold.
  • a lubricant usually containing carbon
  • the mold becomes unserviceable, and the ingot is cast with surface roughness, overlaps, and the like.
  • the use of a lubricant is but the lesser of two evils, for the lubricant may react unfavorably with some metals and cause defects extending into the ingot, and incomplete combustion of the lubricant during casting will produce surface defects regardless of the metal being cast. Consequently, metals such as tough pitch copper, which are particularly sensitive to carbon containing lubricants at fusion temperature a cannot be cast by a continuous casting process, although, by contrast, a copper deoxidised with phosphorous can so be cast.
  • Non-metallic molds have been tried for continuous casting, including the use of a non-metallic lining in a metal mold.
  • Ordinary graphite has been tried as a lining, but as far as is known, has not heretofore been successful due to rapid erosion and burning out.
  • a special material has been used both as a mold by itself, and as a lining for a metallic mold. This material comprises chemically precipitated graphite with colloidal carbon as a binding agent under very high pressure, the porosity being at least and the grain size not greater than microns. In the first case only small molds can be used and although satisfactory ingots are cast, the output is only about a twentieth of that obtainable with metal chill molds.
  • the object of this invention is to produce a process for the lubricant-free continuous casting of metals, including the non-ferrous metals and alloys, precious metals and alloys, iron, steel, and other ferrous metals and their alloys.
  • these objects are achieved by constructing a metal mold with an ordinary graphite lining and a water cooling jacket of sufiicient capacity to make the process possible.
  • the molten metal poured into the mold is solidified by contact with the chilled graphite lining at a rate to form a surface crust which will not be broken by the liquid molten metal core of the ingot as the ingot leaves the mold, and then indirectly cooling the ingot to elfect the major heat extraction to solidify the ingot interior.
  • Figure l is a cross-sectional view through the lubricant free continuous casting mold.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the mold.
  • the mold is formed of an inner cylindrical member 1 telescoped within an outer member 2. inwardly turned flanges 2a and 212 at the ends of member 2 serve to close the ends to form a water jacket between the inner and outer members.
  • the lower end of inner member 1 is beveled and spaced from the beveled inner edge of flange 2b by means of set screws 3, which are also used to adjust the height of the inner member 1 and fix the size of the annular cooling fluid discharge opening 4.
  • This opening has less cross-sectional area than the inlet pipe 5 to insure the cooling jacket being kept full of fluid.
  • cooling fluid entering the cooling jacket produces a strong cooling action through liner 7 on the metal poured. into the mold, and the cooling medium discharged through opening 4, causes an intensive cooling of the partially solidified ingot leaving the mold.
  • an ordinary graphite liner can be used and kept at a temperature at which it is not attacked by the molten metal in the short period of time before the metal solidifies.
  • Graphite exposed to air at a temperature of above 600 C. will burn.
  • the graphite temperature is kept below 600 C., and no oxidation is observed where the top surface of the molten metal touches liner 7.
  • a reducing atmosphere can be created by well known means over thesurface of the molten metal.
  • the molten metal fills the mold it is solidified against liner 7 into a crust thick enough to keep the liquid interior from breaking through as the ingot leaves the lower edge of member 1.
  • the partially solidified ingot is Withdrawn from the mold at a speed which permits solidification of this crust.
  • the thickness of this crust will vary within limits in dependence upon the metal cast, the cross-sectional area of the ingot, the intensity of the cooling both within and outside the mold, etc.
  • the crust begins to form slightly below the upper surface of the molten metal in the mold and increases in thickness as the distance from the upper surface increases. It has been discovered that this crust is formed substantially as fast as a crust would be formed in an unlined mold, and a comparable speed of casting achieved.
  • the graphite lining 7 is self lubricating, the ingot being formed can slide downwardly and emerge from the mold without surface damage.
  • the slotted chill mold had a structural height of 200 mm.
  • the graphite lining of the inner mold wall was 3 mm. thick.
  • graphite within the scope of the invention is to be understood all graphites or materials containing graphite which, like graphite-coated carbon, are not moistened by molten materials and have been well tested in ironworks and metalworks for similar purposes.
  • the internal diameter of the chill mold and the lining was 172 mm.
  • the molten material for casting was supplied to the mold from the forehearth of a furnace by means of a nozzle pipe with an outlet diameter of 5.5 mm., said pipe being resistance heated in known manner.
  • the casting output was 2 tons per hour, both with tough pitch copper and with copper deoxidised with phosphorous.
  • the surface of the casting was completely smooth and,.in particular, free from annular folds and overlaps.
  • the depth of the sump in the centre of the ingot was 200 mm.
  • the sump thus extended below the bottom edge of the mold, since the surface of the moldten metal in the mold was about 50 mm. below the upper edge of the mold..
  • the sump may extend only up to the metal col lar 8, or the block, solidified over the entire cross-section,
  • ,anvnnso may even extend into the non-metallic lining, when the casting material undergoes a sudden direct cooling without heat stresses occurring of such a height in the continuously cast block that they have to be liberated in heat fissures.
  • the solidification at the margin commenced about 1 cm. below the surface of the metal in a very thin marginal layer becoming thicker in a downward direction.
  • a water trap was placed below the mold around the ingot, and no water flowed through said trap ecausc the casting was so smooth that a complete sealing against the outlet of water was produced. This advantage was achieved with rubber rings.
  • the use of the lining 7 also increases the life and durability of the casting mold, particularly in rough casting work.
  • the process of the instant invention canbe employed for the continuous casting of all metallic materials, whether they be light metals, non-ferrous heavy metals and their alloys, iron, steel, ferrous metals and their alloys, and the like.
  • tough pitch copper it is particularly advantageous that it is now possible for tough pitch copper to be continuously cast by the process of the invention.
  • this material upon the solidification at the grain limits, the known copper-copper oxide eutectic alloy is separated out. and this can easily be reduced just beneath the melting point of the copper by substances having a reducing action, such as, for example, hydrogen, carbon, carbon monoxide, etc.
  • the process according to the invention can also be used with advantage with alloys which tend to reverse ingot liquation.
  • the reverse ingot liquation with alloys which readily liquate is promoted by various conditions.
  • the reverse liquation in the process according to the invention is checked on the one hand due to the lower heat conductivity of the graphite and 011 the other hand due to the increased resistance to passage of heat between the graphite and copper wall.
  • the resistance capacity of the combination mold employed according to the invention as regards mechanical stresses is in no way inferior to that of a comparable cooled metal chil'l mold.
  • said mold being unconnected with the container holding the source of metal so that the molten metal in themold can have its own free surface
  • said method comprising pour- The same would apply for knowning molten metal into the open top, cooling said jacket and withdrawing the congealed metal from the open bottom, the fit of the liner in the jacket and the thickness of the liner being such that the mold extracts heat from the congealing metal through the liner substantially as intensively as an all-metal lubricated mold would extract heat, said 1 tiring.
  • cooling and withdrawing being at such rate that a free surface of molten metal is maintained in said mold, and the upper edge of the congealing crater shell is maintained in close proximity to said free surface, and the crater shell is of considerable depth, but of such thickness as not to break through at the lower edge of the mold.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
US235987A 1950-07-21 1951-07-10 Continuous casting of metals Expired - Lifetime US2772459A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH705856X 1950-07-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2772459A true US2772459A (en) 1956-12-04

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US235987A Expired - Lifetime US2772459A (en) 1950-07-21 1951-07-10 Continuous casting of metals

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US (1) US2772459A (nl)
BE (1) BE504637A (nl)
CH (1) CH283827A (nl)
FR (1) FR1045743A (nl)
GB (1) GB705856A (nl)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2871534A (en) * 1956-04-20 1959-02-03 Wieland Werke Ag Method of continuous casting
US2871530A (en) * 1955-09-12 1959-02-03 Wieland Werke Ag Continuous casting mold, its manufacture and use
US3036348A (en) * 1958-03-17 1962-05-29 Hazelett Strip Casting Corp Metal casting methods and apparatus
US3060053A (en) * 1960-09-12 1962-10-23 Gen Electric Method and apparatus for accreting molten copper on a moving member
US3384152A (en) * 1966-04-01 1968-05-21 Anaconda Aluminum Co Starting block assembly for continuous casting apparatus
US3438424A (en) * 1967-07-18 1969-04-15 John W North Method of direct casting of steel slabs and billets
US3447588A (en) * 1966-03-15 1969-06-03 Vitaly Maximovich Niskovskikh Method of running in the working walls of a mold
US3981351A (en) * 1973-11-26 1976-09-21 Metallurgie Hoboken-Overpelt Mold for the continuous vertical casting of billets

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2835940A (en) * 1956-07-18 1958-05-27 Wieland Werke Ag Mold and method for continuously casting cakes
US5176197A (en) * 1990-03-30 1993-01-05 Nippon Steel Corporation Continuous caster mold and continuous casting process

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US253176A (en) * 1882-02-07 Process of and machine for casting steel ingots
US2136394A (en) * 1935-06-29 1938-11-15 Frank F Poland Casting metal
US2145416A (en) * 1937-08-06 1939-01-31 Chase Brass & Copper Co Apparatus for casting metals
GB504519A (en) * 1937-06-30 1939-04-26 Wieland Werke Ag An improved method of and apparatus for casting metal rods, tubes and the like
US2225373A (en) * 1937-07-29 1940-12-17 Norman P Goss Method and apparatus for casting metal
US2242350A (en) * 1938-10-06 1941-05-20 Continuous Casting Corp Continuous casting of metal shapes
US2264288A (en) * 1939-04-13 1941-12-02 American Smelting Refining Apparatus for continuously casting metals
US2284703A (en) * 1938-06-01 1942-06-02 Int Nickel Canada Method for continuously molding metals
US2301027A (en) * 1938-07-02 1942-11-03 Aluminum Co Of America Method of casting
FR884911A (fr) * 1941-08-26 1943-08-31 Wieland Werke Ag Moule pour la coulée continue de blocs métalliques ou de pièces analogues
US2363695A (en) * 1939-01-24 1944-11-28 Ruppik Herbert Process for continuous casting
US2376518A (en) * 1942-05-29 1945-05-22 Int Nickel Co Method of casting metals
US2517931A (en) * 1947-05-15 1950-08-08 Rossi Irving Apparatus for the continuous casting of metal
US2530854A (en) * 1946-03-19 1950-11-21 Joseph B Brennan Casting apparatus
US2590311A (en) * 1948-02-26 1952-03-25 Babcock & Wilcox Co Process of and apparatus for continuously casting metals

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US253176A (en) * 1882-02-07 Process of and machine for casting steel ingots
US2136394A (en) * 1935-06-29 1938-11-15 Frank F Poland Casting metal
GB504519A (en) * 1937-06-30 1939-04-26 Wieland Werke Ag An improved method of and apparatus for casting metal rods, tubes and the like
US2225373A (en) * 1937-07-29 1940-12-17 Norman P Goss Method and apparatus for casting metal
US2145416A (en) * 1937-08-06 1939-01-31 Chase Brass & Copper Co Apparatus for casting metals
US2284703A (en) * 1938-06-01 1942-06-02 Int Nickel Canada Method for continuously molding metals
US2301027A (en) * 1938-07-02 1942-11-03 Aluminum Co Of America Method of casting
US2242350A (en) * 1938-10-06 1941-05-20 Continuous Casting Corp Continuous casting of metal shapes
US2363695A (en) * 1939-01-24 1944-11-28 Ruppik Herbert Process for continuous casting
US2264288A (en) * 1939-04-13 1941-12-02 American Smelting Refining Apparatus for continuously casting metals
FR884911A (fr) * 1941-08-26 1943-08-31 Wieland Werke Ag Moule pour la coulée continue de blocs métalliques ou de pièces analogues
US2376518A (en) * 1942-05-29 1945-05-22 Int Nickel Co Method of casting metals
US2530854A (en) * 1946-03-19 1950-11-21 Joseph B Brennan Casting apparatus
US2517931A (en) * 1947-05-15 1950-08-08 Rossi Irving Apparatus for the continuous casting of metal
US2590311A (en) * 1948-02-26 1952-03-25 Babcock & Wilcox Co Process of and apparatus for continuously casting metals

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2871530A (en) * 1955-09-12 1959-02-03 Wieland Werke Ag Continuous casting mold, its manufacture and use
US2871534A (en) * 1956-04-20 1959-02-03 Wieland Werke Ag Method of continuous casting
US3036348A (en) * 1958-03-17 1962-05-29 Hazelett Strip Casting Corp Metal casting methods and apparatus
US3060053A (en) * 1960-09-12 1962-10-23 Gen Electric Method and apparatus for accreting molten copper on a moving member
US3447588A (en) * 1966-03-15 1969-06-03 Vitaly Maximovich Niskovskikh Method of running in the working walls of a mold
US3384152A (en) * 1966-04-01 1968-05-21 Anaconda Aluminum Co Starting block assembly for continuous casting apparatus
US3438424A (en) * 1967-07-18 1969-04-15 John W North Method of direct casting of steel slabs and billets
US3981351A (en) * 1973-11-26 1976-09-21 Metallurgie Hoboken-Overpelt Mold for the continuous vertical casting of billets

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB705856A (en) 1954-03-17
BE504637A (nl)
CH283827A (de) 1952-06-30
FR1045743A (fr) 1953-12-01

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