US1549511A - Crucible for alumino-thermic processes - Google Patents

Crucible for alumino-thermic processes Download PDF

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Publication number
US1549511A
US1549511A US687762A US68776224A US1549511A US 1549511 A US1549511 A US 1549511A US 687762 A US687762 A US 687762A US 68776224 A US68776224 A US 68776224A US 1549511 A US1549511 A US 1549511A
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United States
Prior art keywords
crucible
alumino
thermic
lining
wall
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Expired - Lifetime
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US687762A
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Schultz Hermann
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Primerica Inc
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Metal and Thermit Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to US687762A priority Critical patent/US1549511A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1549511A publication Critical patent/US1549511A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S164/00—Metal founding
    • Y10S164/12—Thermit

Definitions

  • My invention relates to certain improvements in crucibles for .alumino-thermic proccsses.
  • the crucibles generally used for aluminothermic processes consists of a shell made of thin sheet iron having a thick lining of refractory material, such as burned magnesia or the like. These crucibles have a short life because their inner lining is worn out by the excessively high temperature of the molten mass.
  • My invention has for its object the provision of a crucible for alumino-thermic processes which is of maximum durability.
  • the crucible consists in the main of a material of high conductivity for heat, such as copper, bronze, steel, cast iron and the like, and its wall is of such thickness that it has a high capacity for heat. The effect is the following:
  • the liquid mass which is produced by the alumino-thermic processes consists of a metal and a slag (corundtrm) Owing to its lower specific gravity the slag ascends from all parts to the top of the molten mass and on the way covers the inner surface of the crucible, where it is partly solidified into an adherent thin lining. The remelting of the latter is prevented by the great conductivity and capacity for heat possessed by the crucible, so that this lining protects the metallic wall against corrosion by the molten slag and the alumino-genetic metal during the whole process.
  • the thickness of the crucible walls is such as to provide suflicient metal to conduct away enough heat to prevent melting or fusion of the inner surface of the wall through the nonconducting slag coatin formed in the reaction and deposited on said surface.
  • the crucible may be used continually.
  • the alumino-thermic mixture with which the crucible is refilled will then absorb the heat accumulated in the thick wall.
  • the crucible may also be provided in advance with a thin lining of refractory material all over the whole of its inner surface or only in its lower part, for instance up to the level of the liquid metal.
  • FIGs. 1 and 2 are vertical sections through crucibles embodying my. in-
  • A represents the metallic wall of the crucible
  • B a liner of burned magnesia in the discharge outlet, made interchangeable to provide for wear and tear
  • C a thin lining of refractory material in the lower part of the inner metallic wall.
  • A. receptacle for use in effecting the reduction of metals by means of metallic reducing agents comprising a metal crucible of sufficient wall thickness to chill on its inner surface-a thin layer of slag produced by the reaction.
  • a receptacle for use in effecting exothermic reactions comprising an initially having a, lining of slag produced by the reunlined metal crucible of sufficient Wall action. thickness to chill on its inner surface a thin In testimony whereof I afiix my signature layerAof slag pr(1 dufced by the r&action. in presence of two witnesses,

Description

ltatented Aug. llll.,. i925...
l .ea.sr ll JERSEY.
Application filed January 192.4. Serial N0.'687,762.
To all whom may concern:
Be it known that I, HERMANN SCHULTZ, a citizen of Germany, residing at Berlin, Lankwitz, Germany, and State of Prussia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Crucibles for Alumino-Thermic Processes, of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to certain improvements in crucibles for .alumino-thermic proccsses.
The crucibles generally used for aluminothermic processes consists of a shell made of thin sheet iron having a thick lining of refractory material, such as burned magnesia or the like. These crucibles have a short life because their inner lining is worn out by the excessively high temperature of the molten mass.
My invention has for its object the provision of a crucible for alumino-thermic processes which is of maximum durability. To this end the crucible consists in the main of a material of high conductivity for heat, such as copper, bronze, steel, cast iron and the like, and its wall is of such thickness that it has a high capacity for heat. The effect is the following:
The liquid mass which is produced by the alumino-thermic processes consists of a metal and a slag (corundtrm) Owing to its lower specific gravity the slag ascends from all parts to the top of the molten mass and on the way covers the inner surface of the crucible, where it is partly solidified into an adherent thin lining. The remelting of the latter is prevented by the great conductivity and capacity for heat possessed by the crucible, so that this lining protects the metallic wall against corrosion by the molten slag and the alumino-genetic metal during the whole process.
In designing a crucible of the character indicated, it is necessary to provide suflicient thickness of the metal walls as to enable the heat of the reaction to be conducted away from the inner surface of the wall rapidly enough to prevent such inner surface being actually melted and, with such a crucible, there is absolutely no need for a lining of any kind, except the slag lining that is formed durin the reaction. The maintenance of a re atively cool inner surface of the crucible wall, due to the dissipation of.
heat generated in the reaction mass within.
the crucible. No hard and fast rule to determine the thickness of the crucible walls can be made, but a more or less general rule is that the thickness of the crucible walls is such as to provide suflicient metal to conduct away enough heat to prevent melting or fusion of the inner surface of the wall through the nonconducting slag coatin formed in the reaction and deposited on said surface. As a general proposition, it is desirable to make the walls of the crucible a little thicker than the application of this general rule would require.
It is not necessary to remove this lining at the beginning of a new process, consequently the crucible may be used continually. The alumino-thermic mixture with which the crucible is refilled will then absorb the heat accumulated in the thick wall.
The crucible may also be provided in advance with a thin lining of refractory material all over the whole of its inner surface or only in its lower part, for instance up to the level of the liquid metal.
In the drawing, Figs. 1 and 2 are vertical sections through crucibles embodying my. in-
vention. Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in both the figures. A represents the metallic wall of the crucible, B a liner of burned magnesia in the discharge outlet, made interchangeable to provide for wear and tear, and C a thin lining of refractory material in the lower part of the inner metallic wall.
What I claim is: 1. A. receptacle for use in effecting the reduction of metals by means of metallic reducing agents comprising a metal crucible of sufficient wall thickness to chill on its inner surface-a thin layer of slag produced by the reaction.
2. A receptacle for use in effecting exothermic reactions comprising an initially having a, lining of slag produced by the reunlined metal crucible of sufficient Wall action. thickness to chill on its inner surface a thin In testimony whereof I afiix my signature layerAof slag pr(1 dufced by the r&action. in presence of two witnesses,
receptace or use in e ectingexo- 'thermic reactions comprising a metallic HERMANN SOHULIZ crucible of sufficient wall thickness to convey Witnesses away suflicieni; of the heat of reaction to pre- WLAD Ennmzs, vent fusion of its inner surface, said. crucible Roam AUSPAOE
US687762A 1924-01-22 1924-01-22 Crucible for alumino-thermic processes Expired - Lifetime US1549511A (en)

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US687762A US1549511A (en) 1924-01-22 1924-01-22 Crucible for alumino-thermic processes

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6131801A (en) * 1996-04-09 2000-10-17 Hagen; Nils Chr. Method and device for thermite welding at large water depths

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6131801A (en) * 1996-04-09 2000-10-17 Hagen; Nils Chr. Method and device for thermite welding at large water depths

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