US2749467A - Electrode construction - Google Patents

Electrode construction Download PDF

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Publication number
US2749467A
US2749467A US285142A US28514252A US2749467A US 2749467 A US2749467 A US 2749467A US 285142 A US285142 A US 285142A US 28514252 A US28514252 A US 28514252A US 2749467 A US2749467 A US 2749467A
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electrode
lamp
electrodes
discharge
tungsten
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US285142A
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Sydney A R Rigden
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
    • H01J61/0732—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the construction of the electrode

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  • This invention relates to electric discharge lamps of the type adapted for operation on alternating supplies and comprising within a sealed envelope a pair of main electrodes for the passage of the lamp discharge, and a filling of gas or vapor which is at such high pressure during normal operation of the device that the discharge between said electrodes takes the form of a constricted arc.
  • the term main electrodes is used to distinguish these electrodes from other electrodes which may be present to facilitate starting of the discharge.
  • the main electrodes usually consist of blocks, such as rods, of tungsten or molybdenum, and it is often found that in operation of the lamp small projecting pips of metal appear on the part of each electrode surface on which the discharge terminates, which part will hereinafter be referred to as the terminal surface of the electrode. These pips are probably caused by the growth of crystals of the metal, and are disadvantageous in that they are soon vaporized, and the metal deposited on the envelope walls, where it gradually builds up an opaque film which reduces the life of the lamp.
  • At least one (preferably each) main electrode consists of a block of tungsten or molybdenum, and its terminal surface is provided with one or more recesses filled with a solid sintered mixture of the powders of two or more refractory materials, at least one of which materials constitutes an activating material for the electrode.
  • refractory implies that the said materials are capable of withstanding the heat produced by the discharge in operation without rapid evaporation, so that the life of the lamp is increased, and not decreased, by virtue of the presence of the said materials.
  • the activating material preferably consists of thoria, and the refractory material with which it is sintered consists of tungsten and/or molybdenum, the weight of thoria preferably being half the total weight of the mixture.
  • the mixture of refractory metal powders is preferably sintered to form a solid mass while contained within the said recess or recesses in the electrode.
  • the said recesses may conveniently consist of a plurality of intersecting slots cut into the terminal surface of the electrode, the width across each slot being much less than the width of said surface measured in the same direction.
  • the lamp is of the compact source type adapted to dissipate 2 /2 kw. in normal operation from a volt A. C. supply and comprises a spheroidal quartz bulb 1 having a longer internal diameter 61 mms. and a shorter internal diameter 56 mms.
  • Two tungsten rod electrodes 2, 3, each of 0.6 cms. diameter, are mounted along the longer diameter of the bulb so that their terminal surfaces 4, 5, respectively, are diametrically opposite and spaced approximately 15 mms. apart about the center of the bulb.
  • the electrodes 2, 3 are supported from tubular sealing stems 6, 7, respectively, projecting outwardly from the bulb 1, the stems being closed by metal-foil lead-in seals 8, 9, respectively.
  • the terminal surfaces 4, 5 of the electrodes 2, 3 are formed, as shown in more detail in Fig. 2, with a plurality of regularly spaced parallel slot recesses 10, 11 intersected at right angles by a further plurality of regularly spaced parallel slot recesses 12, 13 respectively, each slot being approximately 0.75 mm. deep and 0.375 mm. wide and extending across the terminal surface of the electrode.
  • These recesses are filled with a sintered mixture 14, 15', respectively, of thoria and tungsten.
  • the sintered mixture is preferably formed in the recesses of the electrodes before mounting of the elec trodes in the lamp envelope.
  • Each electrode is first mounted on a seal body for subsequent sealing into an aperture of the envelope.
  • a paste is formed by mixing with distilled water 50 per cent by weight of thoria powder and 50 per cent by weight of tungsten powder, each powder having a particle size of about 2 microns, and a quantity of this paste is placed within the said recesses of the electrode and allowed to dry, several such applications of paste followed by drying being made until the recesses are completely filled, any surplus paste on the terminal surface of the electrode then being removed.
  • the application of the paste in several steps in this way reduces the shrinkage on subsequent heating.
  • the electrode assembly is then mounted in an enclosure so that the paste-filled terminal surface of the electrode cooperates with the terminal surface of another tungsten electrode.
  • the enclosure is filled with a reducing atmosphere and an electric discharge is then passed between the electrodes, the heating produced by the discharge being arranged to be suflicient to sinter the paste.
  • the discharge current (which may be, for example, about 5 amperes) is supplied from a source of D. C. supply, it being arranged that in operation the paste-filled electrode operates as an anode.
  • the electrodes, with the sintered mixture formed in the terminal surfaces thereof, are then mounted in the lamp envelope and the further manufacture of the lamp completed in the usual way.
  • a gaseous electric discharge lamp comprising a sealed envelope containing an ionizable gaseous atmosphere at such high pressure during normal operation of the lamp that the discharge therein is in the form of a constricted arc, a pair of main electrodes spaced apart within said envelope for a discharge therebetween, at least one of said electrodes being composed of a solid massive body of metal of the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum and having its arc-supporting terminal surface provided with a plurality of intersecting slots extending entirely thereacross, and a filling in said slots and exposed at said surface and consisting of a sintered mixture of powders of a refractory metal of the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum and an activating material consisting primarily of thoria.
  • a pair of main electrodes spaced apart within said envelope for a discharge .therebetween, at least one of said electrodes being composed of a solid massivebody of metal of the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum and having its arc-supporting terminal surface provided with a plurality of intersecting slots extending entirely thereacross and a filling in said slots and exposed at said surface and consisting of a sintered mixture of powders of a refractory metal of the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum and thoria, the weight of thoria being about half the total Weight of theanixture.
  • a high intensity compact ,source discharge lamp comprising a vitreous envelope containing anionizable gaseous atmosphere including mercury vapor attaining a pressure of several atmospheres during normal operation of the lamp to cause the discharge to take the form of a constricted are, a pair of-main eleetrodesspaced apart References Cited in the file ofithis patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,173,208 Lecorguillier Sept. 19, 1939 2,453,118 Buckingham Nov. 9, 1948 2,468,129 Spencer Apr. 26, 1949 2,492,142 Germeshausen Dec.,27, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS 968,571 France Apr. 26, 1950

Description

June 5, 1956 s. A. R. RIGDEN 2,749,467
ELECTRODE CONSTRUCTION Filed April 30, 1952 Inventor:
S dney AR. Rigden His Attorney ELECTRODE CQNSTRUCTION Sydney A. R. Rigden, Camberwell, London, England, as-
signor to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Application April 30, 1952, Serial No. 285,142
Claims priority, application Great Britain May 17, $51
3 Claims. (Cl. 313-184) This invention relates to electric discharge lamps of the type adapted for operation on alternating supplies and comprising within a sealed envelope a pair of main electrodes for the passage of the lamp discharge, and a filling of gas or vapor which is at such high pressure during normal operation of the device that the discharge between said electrodes takes the form of a constricted arc. The term main electrodes is used to distinguish these electrodes from other electrodes which may be present to facilitate starting of the discharge.
The main electrodes usually consist of blocks, such as rods, of tungsten or molybdenum, and it is often found that in operation of the lamp small projecting pips of metal appear on the part of each electrode surface on which the discharge terminates, which part will hereinafter be referred to as the terminal surface of the electrode. These pips are probably caused by the growth of crystals of the metal, and are disadvantageous in that they are soon vaporized, and the metal deposited on the envelope walls, where it gradually builds up an opaque film which reduces the life of the lamp. It is known that the growth of pips on an electrode can be prevented or retarded by providing the terminal surface of the electrode with a store of activating material, that is to say, material which emits electrons more readily than does the material of the electrode itself, and the object of this invention is to provide an improved arrangement of this nature.
According to the invention, in an electric discharge lamp of the type specified, at least one (preferably each) main electrode consists of a block of tungsten or molybdenum, and its terminal surface is provided with one or more recesses filled with a solid sintered mixture of the powders of two or more refractory materials, at least one of which materials constitutes an activating material for the electrode.
The term refractory implies that the said materials are capable of withstanding the heat produced by the discharge in operation without rapid evaporation, so that the life of the lamp is increased, and not decreased, by virtue of the presence of the said materials.
The activating material preferably consists of thoria, and the refractory material with which it is sintered consists of tungsten and/or molybdenum, the weight of thoria preferably being half the total weight of the mixture.
The mixture of refractory metal powders is preferably sintered to form a solid mass while contained within the said recess or recesses in the electrode.
The said recesses may conveniently consist of a plurality of intersecting slots cut into the terminal surface of the electrode, the width across each slot being much less than the width of said surface measured in the same direction.
The invention will be further explained in describing, by way of example, one embodiment of it which is illustrated in the accompanying drawing in which Fig. 1 shows an axial section through the lamp and Fig. 2
nited States Patent 2,749,467 Patented June 5, 1956 ICC shows an enlarged perspective view of one of the electrodes.
In this embodiment the lamp is of the compact source type adapted to dissipate 2 /2 kw. in normal operation from a volt A. C. supply and comprises a spheroidal quartz bulb 1 having a longer internal diameter 61 mms. and a shorter internal diameter 56 mms. Two tungsten rod electrodes 2, 3, each of 0.6 cms. diameter, are mounted along the longer diameter of the bulb so that their terminal surfaces 4, 5, respectively, are diametrically opposite and spaced approximately 15 mms. apart about the center of the bulb. The electrodes 2, 3 are supported from tubular sealing stems 6, 7, respectively, projecting outwardly from the bulb 1, the stems being closed by metal-foil lead-in seals 8, 9, respectively.
The terminal surfaces 4, 5 of the electrodes 2, 3 are formed, as shown in more detail in Fig. 2, with a plurality of regularly spaced parallel slot recesses 10, 11 intersected at right angles by a further plurality of regularly spaced parallel slot recesses 12, 13 respectively, each slot being approximately 0.75 mm. deep and 0.375 mm. wide and extending across the terminal surface of the electrode. These recesses are filled with a sintered mixture 14, 15', respectively, of thoria and tungsten.
The sintered mixture is preferably formed in the recesses of the electrodes before mounting of the elec trodes in the lamp envelope. Each electrode is first mounted on a seal body for subsequent sealing into an aperture of the envelope. A paste is formed by mixing with distilled water 50 per cent by weight of thoria powder and 50 per cent by weight of tungsten powder, each powder having a particle size of about 2 microns, and a quantity of this paste is placed within the said recesses of the electrode and allowed to dry, several such applications of paste followed by drying being made until the recesses are completely filled, any surplus paste on the terminal surface of the electrode then being removed. The application of the paste in several steps in this way reduces the shrinkage on subsequent heating.
The electrode assembly is then mounted in an enclosure so that the paste-filled terminal surface of the electrode cooperates with the terminal surface of another tungsten electrode. The enclosure is filled with a reducing atmosphere and an electric discharge is then passed between the electrodes, the heating produced by the discharge being arranged to be suflicient to sinter the paste. The discharge current (which may be, for example, about 5 amperes) is supplied from a source of D. C. supply, it being arranged that in operation the paste-filled electrode operates as an anode.
The electrodes, with the sintered mixture formed in the terminal surfaces thereof, are then mounted in the lamp envelope and the further manufacture of the lamp completed in the usual way.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. In a gaseous electric discharge lamp comprising a sealed envelope containing an ionizable gaseous atmosphere at such high pressure during normal operation of the lamp that the discharge therein is in the form of a constricted arc, a pair of main electrodes spaced apart within said envelope for a discharge therebetween, at least one of said electrodes being composed of a solid massive body of metal of the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum and having its arc-supporting terminal surface provided with a plurality of intersecting slots extending entirely thereacross, and a filling in said slots and exposed at said surface and consisting of a sintered mixture of powders of a refractory metal of the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum and an activating material consisting primarily of thoria.
2. In a gaseous electric discharge lamp comprising a sealed envelope containing an ionizable gaseous atmosphere at such high pressure .during normal operation, of the lamp that the discharge therein is in the form of a constricted are, a pair of main electrodes spaced apart within said envelope for a discharge .therebetween, at least one of said electrodes being composed of a solid massivebody of metal of the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum and having its arc-supporting terminal surface provided with a plurality of intersecting slots extending entirely thereacross and a filling in said slots and exposed at said surface and consisting of a sintered mixture of powders of a refractory metal of the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum and thoria, the weight of thoria being about half the total Weight of theanixture.
'3. A high intensity compact ,source discharge lamp comprising a vitreous envelope containing anionizable gaseous atmosphere including mercury vapor attaining a pressure of several atmospheres during normal operation of the lamp to cause the discharge to take the form of a constricted are, a pair of-main eleetrodesspaced apart References Cited in the file ofithis patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,173,208 Lecorguillier Sept. 19, 1939 2,453,118 Buckingham Nov. 9, 1948 2,468,129 Spencer Apr. 26, 1949 2,492,142 Germeshausen Dec.,27, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS 968,571 France Apr. 26, 1950
US285142A 1951-05-17 1952-04-30 Electrode construction Expired - Lifetime US2749467A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2873518A (en) * 1954-02-26 1959-02-17 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Wire electrode for electric discharge lamps
US2977508A (en) * 1956-07-17 1961-03-28 Edgerton Germeshausen & Grier Gaseous-discharge device and system
US3703665A (en) * 1970-10-08 1972-11-21 Cook Electric Co Electric overvoltage arresters with improved electrode design
US4037266A (en) * 1975-12-29 1977-07-19 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Voltage surge protector
US4415835A (en) * 1981-06-22 1983-11-15 General Electric Company Electron emissive coatings for electric discharge devices
US4487589A (en) * 1981-06-22 1984-12-11 General Electric Company Method of preparing electron emissive coatings for electric discharge devices

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2173208A (en) * 1935-05-07 1939-09-19 Ets Claude Paz & Silva Electrode
US2453118A (en) * 1946-05-08 1948-11-09 Western Union Telegraph Co Concentrated arc discharge device
US2468129A (en) * 1947-08-20 1949-04-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Cathode support
US2492142A (en) * 1945-10-17 1949-12-27 Kenneth J Germeshausen Electric system embodying coldcathode gaseous discharge device
FR968571A (en) * 1947-08-06 1950-11-30 Lampes Sa improved electrodes for "lightning" lamps or tubes

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2173208A (en) * 1935-05-07 1939-09-19 Ets Claude Paz & Silva Electrode
US2492142A (en) * 1945-10-17 1949-12-27 Kenneth J Germeshausen Electric system embodying coldcathode gaseous discharge device
US2453118A (en) * 1946-05-08 1948-11-09 Western Union Telegraph Co Concentrated arc discharge device
FR968571A (en) * 1947-08-06 1950-11-30 Lampes Sa improved electrodes for "lightning" lamps or tubes
US2468129A (en) * 1947-08-20 1949-04-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Cathode support

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2873518A (en) * 1954-02-26 1959-02-17 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Wire electrode for electric discharge lamps
US2977508A (en) * 1956-07-17 1961-03-28 Edgerton Germeshausen & Grier Gaseous-discharge device and system
US3703665A (en) * 1970-10-08 1972-11-21 Cook Electric Co Electric overvoltage arresters with improved electrode design
US4037266A (en) * 1975-12-29 1977-07-19 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Voltage surge protector
US4415835A (en) * 1981-06-22 1983-11-15 General Electric Company Electron emissive coatings for electric discharge devices
US4487589A (en) * 1981-06-22 1984-12-11 General Electric Company Method of preparing electron emissive coatings for electric discharge devices

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